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You can publish a WebDAV directory from Nginx on Ubuntu with the built-in ngx_http_dav_module, but its support is limited to PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY, and MOVE. It does not implement the full set of methods used by many WebDAV clients, including property queries and locking. The reliable setup is therefore: verify the module, create a private storage directory, configure a dedicated HTTPS server block, add authentication and filesystem permissions, then test the exact methods your client needs.
What Nginx WebDAV supports
Nginx’s DAV module is intended for automated file management rather than a complete collaboration server. It processes these methods:
| Method | Typical purpose | Built-in Nginx support |
|---|---|---|
PUT |
Upload or replace a file | Supported |
DELETE |
Remove a file or directory where the request is valid | Supported |
MKCOL |
Create a collection (directory) | Supported |
COPY |
Copy a resource | Supported |
MOVE |
Move or rename a resource | Supported |
PROPFIND, LOCK, UNLOCK |
Properties, locking and lock release used by many clients | Not covered by the built-in module |
If a desktop or mobile client requires PROPFIND, OPTIONS, LOCK, or UNLOCK, use a build that includes a DAV extension module or choose a dedicated WebDAV implementation. Adding the five core directives will not make those unsupported methods work.
Plan the deployment before changing Nginx
- Use a dedicated hostname. A name such as
dav.example.commakes certificate, authentication and access-control rules easier to isolate from a public website. - Keep storage outside the public site tree. A directory such as
/srv/webdavavoids accidentally exposing files through another server block. - Use HTTPS before sending credentials. Basic Authentication is only appropriate when the connection is protected by TLS.
- Allow only the network and methods you need. You can restrict write methods with
limit_exceptand firewall rules. - Confirm client requirements. A client that performs locking or property discovery will need more than the built-in Nginx module.
Verify that the installed Nginx has DAV support
The DAV module is not compiled into every Nginx build. Check the running binary before writing a configuration that depends on it.
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nginx -V 2>&1 | tr ' ' 'n' | grep http_dav_moduleThe output should include an option containing http_dav_module. You can also inspect the complete build command with:
nginx -V 2>&1If the option is absent, install an Ubuntu or official Nginx package that supplies the module, rebuild Nginx with the DAV module enabled, or use a separate DAV implementation. Do not continue with a DAV location and assume it is active: an absent module makes the related directives invalid or leaves the server unable to provide the requested functionality.
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Install Nginx using Ubuntu packages or the official Nginx repository, then confirm the executable and configuration locations. Ubuntu installations normally use /etc/nginx/ for configuration and /var/log/nginx/ for logs.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nginx
nginx -v
sudo nginx -tCreate storage and temporary-upload directories
WebDAV writes first pass through Nginx’s request-body temporary directory. Both that directory and the final storage path must be writable by the Nginx worker account. On a standard Ubuntu package the worker is commonly www-data; verify the account in your Nginx configuration if you changed it.
sudo mkdir -p /srv/webdav/dav
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/nginx/body
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/webdav
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/lib/nginx/body
sudo chmod 750 /srv/webdav
sudo chmod 750 /srv/webdav/dav
sudo chmod 750 /var/lib/nginx/bodyThe example deliberately gives the service account ownership. If another administrator or application must write the files, use a dedicated Unix group and grant only the required group permissions instead of making the directory world-writable. Existing files retain their normal Unix permissions; dav_access controls permissions on resources that the DAV module creates.
Create a dedicated Nginx site
Save a site file such as /etc/nginx/sites-available/webdav. The example uses /dav/ as the WebDAV URI and maps it below /srv/webdav/dav because Nginx’s root directive appends the request URI to the filesystem root.
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/webdavStart with an HTTP server so certificate issuance can reach the hostname:
server {
listen 80;
server_name dav.example.com;
location / {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
}Enable the file in Ubuntu’s normal server-block layout:
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/webdav /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/webdav
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginxBefore reloading, make sure DNS for dav.example.com points to this server. If another enabled site already claims the same hostname, remove that conflict or adjust the server names.
Add authentication and the WebDAV directives
Nginx supports HTTP Basic Authentication. Create a password file readable by Nginx but not by ordinary users. The htpasswd utility is commonly supplied by Ubuntu’s apache2-utils package.
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sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd alice
sudo chown root:www-data /etc/nginx/.htpasswd
sudo chmod 640 /etc/nginx/.htpasswdAdd the TLS server and WebDAV location after you have certificate paths available:
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name dav.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/dav.example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/dav.example.com/privkey.pem;
auth_basic Restricted_WebDAV;
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
location /dav/ {
root /srv/webdav;
client_body_temp_path /var/lib/nginx/body;
dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
create_full_put_path on;
dav_access user:rw group:rw all:r;
}
}The important directives have distinct jobs:
root /srv/webdav;selects the filesystem root. With this URI,/dav/report.pdfmaps to/srv/webdav/dav/report.pdf.client_body_temp_pathidentifies where request bodies are staged before being written. The worker must be able to create and modify files there.dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;enables the core operations explicitly. Omitting a method means the location will not provide that operation.create_full_put_path on;allows intermediate directories to be created for a nestedPUTpath when they do not already exist. Without it, create the directory hierarchy first or the upload can fail.dav_access user:rw group:rw all:r;sets permissions for newly created files and directories. Adapt the values to your Unix ownership model; it does not replace the permissions needed on the parent directories.
Keep the authentication directives at server level when every resource on the hostname is private, or move them inside the /dav/ location if the same server will also host a deliberately public path. Never send the password over the port-80 redirect; clients should connect to the HTTPS URL.
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Obtain and install a trusted HTTPS certificate
For a production deployment, use HTTPS and redirect port 80 to port 443. With the Let’s Encrypt HTTP-01 challenge, port 80 must be reachable from the public internet while the certificate is being issued. A firewall, cloud security group or upstream router that blocks port 80 will cause validation to fail.
Certbot’s Nginx plugin can obtain the certificate, add TLS directives to the matching server block and reload Nginx:
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sudo certbot --nginx -d dav.example.comFollow Certbot’s prompts for the email address, terms and redirect choice. If you maintain the TLS block yourself, install the certificate and key paths shown by Certbot, then run sudo nginx -t before every reload. Do not remove the port-80 server until issuance has completed; after issuance, retain the redirect so clients that use the HTTP URL are upgraded to HTTPS.
Restrict write methods and network access
Authentication answers “who is the user?”; network and method restrictions answer “what may that user do from here?” The following optional block allows ordinary reads but limits non-GET requests to a trusted network. Replace the example network with one appropriate to your environment, or omit the block if remote writes are intentionally required.
location /dav/ {
root /srv/webdav;
client_body_temp_path /var/lib/nginx/body;
dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE;
create_full_put_path on;
dav_access user:rw group:rw all:r;
auth_basic Restricted_WebDAV;
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
limit_except GET HEAD {
allow 192.0.2.0/24;
deny all;
}
}The address in this example is documentation-only space. Substitute your office VPN, private network or other controlled source range. A restrictive rule can make a client appear broken even when authentication succeeds, so test from the same network where the client will operate.
Also restrict inbound access at the host or cloud firewall. Exposing a write-enabled DAV endpoint to the whole internet increases the impact of a stolen password and of mistakes in client synchronization.
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Validate the configuration and reload safely
- Check syntax and referenced files:
sudo nginx -t. This catches missing certificates, unknown DAV directives and malformed server blocks. - Reload without dropping existing connections:
sudo systemctl reload nginx. - Inspect the error log if the reload or a request fails:
sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log. - Confirm that the intended server block is active with
sudo nginx -T, especially when multiple sites use similar hostnames. - Test from a client that resolves the public hostname, not only from the server’s loopback address.
A successful syntax check proves only that Nginx accepted the configuration. It does not prove that the worker can write to storage, that the certificate is trusted by the client, or that the client’s complete WebDAV method set is implemented.
Test each operation with curl
Use a small test file and a disposable directory before connecting a production client. The commands below use the HTTPS hostname, a WebDAV URI and the account created earlier.
printf 'WebDAV testn' > sample.txt
curl -i -u alice --upload-file sample.txt https://dav.example.com/dav/sample.txt
curl -i -u alice -X MKCOL https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/
curl -i -u alice --upload-file sample.txt https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/copied.txt
curl -i -u alice -X COPY -H 'Destination: https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/copy.txt' https://dav.example.com/dav/sample.txt
curl -i -u alice -X MOVE -H 'Destination: https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/moved.txt' https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/copy.txt
curl -i -u alice -X DELETE https://dav.example.com/dav/test-folder/moved.txt
curl -i -u alice -X DELETE https://dav.example.com/dav/sample.txtInspect the HTTP status and the error log after every command. A successful upload followed by a failed nested upload usually points to the path or directory-creation rule. A request that reaches Nginx but cannot write normally points to Unix ownership, mode bits or the temporary-body directory.
To check whether your client is asking for unsupported features, send a harmless property request to a test resource:
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curl -i -u alice -X PROPFIND https://dav.example.com/dav/Failure of PROPFIND, LOCK or UNLOCK is expected with the built-in module. It is not fixed by adding another dav_methods value; those methods require a DAV extension module or a different server. Similarly, do not promise full client compatibility solely because PUT works.
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
“unknown directive dav_methods” or no DAV option in nginx -V
The binary lacks ngx_http_dav_module. Install or build a package that includes it, or move the DAV endpoint to an implementation that supports the methods you need. Editing the server block cannot load a module that was not compiled into the binary.
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Uploads return a permission error
Check all path components, not just the final directory. The worker needs search permission on parent directories, write permission on the destination, and write permission on /var/lib/nginx/body. Confirm ownership and modes with namei -l /srv/webdav/dav and review the Nginx error log. If an existing file was created by another account, its mode may prevent replacement even when newly created files work.
Nested PUT requests fail
Ensure create_full_put_path on; is inside the same DAV location as dav_methods. If you do not want Nginx creating directories automatically, create the hierarchy with MKCOL first and upload into it.
The certificate request cannot be validated
Verify that the hostname resolves to this server and that TCP port 80 is reachable from the internet. Check cloud security groups, host firewalls and NAT forwarding. HTTP-01 cannot complete when the challenge request never reaches the HTTP server.
The client reports that the server is not WebDAV-capable
Check the client’s first request in the access and error logs. If it starts with PROPFIND, LOCK, UNLOCK or another method outside the built-in list, use a DAV extension or a dedicated WebDAV server. If it receives an authentication challenge, correct the password file and ensure the client is using the HTTPS URL.
Reads work but writes are denied
Review the optional limit_except block and its allowlist. A network restriction can deliberately permit GET while denying every write method. Also check that the request is reaching the intended server block rather than a different site with stricter rules.
Choose the right implementation
| Requirement | Built-in Nginx DAV | DAV extension or dedicated server |
|---|---|---|
| Core file operations | Lightweight support for PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, COPY and MOVE |
Usually available, depending on the implementation |
| Property queries and locking | Not provided by the built-in module | Use when clients require PROPFIND, LOCK or UNLOCK |
| Authentication and authorization | Nginx authentication, filesystem permissions and optional limit_except |
Varies; evaluate the implementation’s access-control model |
| TLS and certificate automation | Handled by Nginx with a certificate tool such as Certbot | Depends on the front end; Nginx can still terminate TLS |
| Package and module maintenance | Depends on whether the chosen Nginx build contains the DAV module | Requires monitoring the extension or server separately |
| Filesystem behavior | Directly governed by Unix ownership, modes, dav_access and the temporary path |
May use a different storage and permission model |
Use the built-in module when the client needs only the five core operations and you value a small Nginx-based configuration. Select an extension or dedicated implementation when locking, property discovery or broader client compatibility is a requirement rather than an optional feature.
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Production checklist
- The Nginx binary contains
ngx_http_dav_module. - The DAV storage directory is separate from the public website root.
- The worker account can write both the storage and temporary-body paths.
- The location explicitly defines
root,client_body_temp_path,dav_methods,create_full_put_pathwhere needed, anddav_access. - Basic Authentication is protected by HTTPS.
- Port 80 redirects to HTTPS, while port 80 was reachable during HTTP-01 certificate issuance.
- Write methods are limited by network policy when remote writes are not necessary.
- The exact client methods have been tested, including any locking or property methods it requires.
- Nginx syntax was tested and the service reloaded only after the test passed.
- Logs and backups are monitored, and the test files and accounts are removed or restricted before production use.
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