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Coolify preview deployments build a temporary, separate application for a pull request (or merge request), give it a review URL, and remove it when the request is closed or merged. To set one up reliably, first make sure the normal branch deploys, then enable previews, connect pull-request events through a GitHub App or manual webhook, configure wildcard DNS, and provide preview-only credentials.
The most important safety rule is that pull-request code runs on your deployment server. Treat it as untrusted: do not pass production secrets to previews, and allow public contributors only when you accept the execution risk.
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A preview deployment runs the code from a pull request or merge request separately from the production application. Each request can receive its own container and URL, so reviewers can exercise the proposed change without replacing the live branch.
Coolify can create a preview when a request is opened or updated, add deployment status and the preview domain to the request, and remove the automatically created preview after the request is closed or merged. The comment and status features depend on using the GitHub App with the required permissions; a manual webhook can trigger deployments but cannot provide those automated comments.
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Prerequisites
- The application must already deploy successfully from its configured branch. Fix the ordinary deployment before troubleshooting previews.
- Your deployment server needs enough CPU, memory, storage, and network capacity to run production and one or more preview containers at the same time.
- Pull-request code executes on the deployment server. Plan previews as untrusted workloads and keep production credentials out of them.
- You need control of DNS for a domain or subdomain that can point generated preview hostnames at the deployment server.
- For event-driven previews, the repository must be connected through a GitHub App or a reachable repository webhook.
Enable Preview Deployments in the application
Preview settings are configured per Coolify application. Enabling the feature does not retroactively deploy every request that is already open; existing requests require a separate load-and-deploy action described later.
- Open the application in Coolify.
- In the sidebar, select Preview Deployments.
- Select Enable preview deployments.
- Set PR deployment access deliberately before testing.
Choose who may trigger a preview
| Setting | Who can trigger previews | Operational implication |
|---|---|---|
| Repository members only | Repository owners, members, and collaborators | Fork pull requests from untrusted public contributors are not allowed to execute automatically. |
| Public | Public contributors, including users submitting eligible fork requests | Provides broader review coverage but increases the risk of running hostile or resource-intensive code on the deployment server. |
Use the narrowest setting that fits your workflow. If external contributors need a live preview, isolate the server and all services used by previews rather than reusing production infrastructure or credentials.
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Connect pull-request events
Coolify supports two event paths. The GitHub App is the preferred integration when the repository is hosted on GitHub because it offers granular permissions and can write status and domain information back to a pull request. A manual repository webhook is useful when the application is connected through a public repository URL or deploy key, but it has fewer integration features.
Recommended: GitHub App integration
- Use the GitHub App integration for the repository when creating or editing the application source.
- During setup, set Preview deployment access to Read and update pull requests before registering the app.
- For an app that is already registered, open Sources in Coolify and select the app.
- Choose Permissions > Update.
- Set the Pull requests permission to Read and write.
- Subscribe the app to the Pull request event.
- Accept the permission update and confirm that the app installation includes the repository containing the application.
- Open or update a pull request and check that it appears in Coolify.
With these permissions, Coolify can publish deployment status and the preview domain on the pull request and update its comment as the deployment changes state. If the request does not appear, verify the installation and permissions before changing application settings.
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Alternative: manual repository webhook
Use this path for an application connected through a public repository URL or deploy key.
- In Coolify, open Webhooks > Manual Git Webhooks.
- Create and save a webhook secret with at least 16 characters.
- Copy the provider URL shown by Coolify.
- In the repository provider, add a webhook using that URL as the payload URL.
- Set the content type to
application/json(or the form encoding documented by your provider), enter the exact same secret, and leave SSL verification enabled. - Select both Pushes and Pull requests when preview events are required.
- Keep the webhook active and save it.
- Open or update a pull request after Preview Deployments is enabled.
A pull-request event creates a preview only when the application’s Preview Deployments feature is enabled. Manual webhooks trigger the deployment but do not add the GitHub App’s automated status and comment updates.
GitHub App versus manual webhook
| Comparison point | GitHub App | Manual webhook |
|---|---|---|
| Setup complexity | Requires app registration, installation, and permission approval. | Requires a Coolify secret, provider URL, and webhook configuration. |
| Pull-request comments and status | Supported when Pull requests is set to Read and write and the Pull request event is subscribed. | Not provided automatically. |
| Permission granularity | Fine-grained app permissions, including pull-request access. | Authentication is based on the shared webhook secret and endpoint reachability. |
| Event reliability checks | Confirm the app installation, permission, and event subscription. | Inspect delivery history, event type, response code, secret, and endpoint reachability. |
| Best fit | An official GitHub integration where reviewers want status and domain feedback in the request. | An application already connected through a public repository URL or deploy key. |
Configure preview URLs and wildcard DNS
Coolify builds each preview’s hostname from the Preview URL template. Open the application’s Preview Deployments settings and enter a template that resolves under a domain you control.
Available template variables
| Variable | Value inserted | Example use |
|---|---|---|
{{pr_id}} |
The pull-request number | 123 |
{{random}} |
A random value generated for the preview | Useful when a deterministic request number could collide with another naming scheme. |
{{domain}} |
The production domain configured for the application | Places the preview below the application’s existing domain hierarchy. |
The default template is {{pr_id}}.{{domain}}. If the production domain is preview.example.com, pull request 123 can become 123.preview.example.com. Choose a template that remains valid as a DNS hostname and makes the request easy to identify.
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Create the wildcard DNS record
- Decide the parent zone for previews, such as
preview.example.com. - At your DNS provider, create
*.preview.example.comas an A record pointing to the deployment server’s IPv4 address, or an AAAA record pointing to its IPv6 address. - Wait for the record to be available through your DNS provider and resolver path.
- Only then open a pull request and test the generated hostname.
A wildcard record covers newly generated subdomains, so you do not need to create a separate DNS record for every request. If the application uses an individual preview domain instead, configure that domain on the preview. Docker Compose previews can assign a separate domain per service when each service must be reachable independently.
Keep preview variables and services isolated
Coolify separates the variables used by the main deployment from those used by pull-request and merge-request deployments. Production environment variables apply to the main application. Variables entered under Preview Deployment Environment Variables apply to previews.
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- Give previews non-production database credentials and point them at a disposable or isolated database.
- Use separate object-storage buckets, API keys, queues, email providers, and third-party accounts.
- Use a preview-specific authentication configuration so test users and callback URLs cannot affect real accounts.
- Use low-privilege credentials that can perform only the operations required by the preview.
- Review build scripts, migration commands, startup hooks, and package install scripts because pull-request code can execute them.
Deleting a preview container does not erase data it wrote to an external service. Expire test records, rotate temporary credentials, and apply retention policies to preview databases and storage independently of Coolify’s container cleanup.
Decide whether public requests are acceptable
If PR deployment access is set to Public, any eligible public contributor may cause code to run on your server. That can expose network services, consume capacity, or attempt to access files and credentials available to the container or host. Use repository-members-only access when external previews are not a deliberate requirement, and isolate the deployment host when they are.
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Deploy pull requests that were already open
Coolify does not automatically deploy pull requests that existed before Preview Deployments was enabled. Load them explicitly:
- Open the application’s Preview Deployments page.
- Select Load Pull Requests.
- For each request that needs a live environment, choose Deploy preview.
- Choose Configure instead when you want to prepare its preview settings without deploying immediately.
After this one-time action, subsequent commits to the request can follow the normal preview event flow.
Verify the complete preview lifecycle
Test creation and updates
- Open a new pull request against the branch configured for the application.
- Confirm that the request appears in Coolify and that a preview deployment starts.
- Wait for the deployment to finish, then open the generated preview domain.
- Exercise the changed path, including authentication, database access, background jobs, and any service-to-service calls that the change affects.
- Push another commit to the same request and confirm that Coolify updates or redeploys the existing preview rather than creating an unintended duplicate.
Test cleanup
- Close or merge the pull request.
- Confirm that Coolify removes the automatically created preview.
- Check the server and any external preview services for leftover containers, data, credentials, or DNS entries that require separate retention cleanup.
Dashboard actions
| Action | Use it when |
|---|---|
| Preview links | You need the active URL for a request. |
| Logs | You need build, startup, or runtime output to diagnose a deployment. |
| Deploy | You are starting a configured preview. |
| Redeploy | You want to run the preview deployment again using the normal deployment behavior. |
| Force deploy (without cache) | A stale build cache may be masking a code or dependency change. |
| Stop | You need to halt a running preview without deleting its configuration. |
| Delete | You need to remove a preview that should no longer exist. |
Docker Image applications and API automation
Deploy a Docker Image preview manually
For an application that deploys a Docker Image rather than building directly from source, choose Manual preview. Enter a preview ID and image tag, then deploy it.
- Open the Docker Image application’s preview controls.
- Select Manual preview.
- Enter a preview ID, such as the pull-request number.
- Enter the image tag, for example
pr_1234. - Select Deploy Preview.
The image must be available to the application’s configured registry and the tag must identify the build you intend reviewers to test.
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Use the Coolify API
Automation can list, inspect, create, or redeploy previews through these application-scoped endpoints. Replace {uuid} with the application UUID and {pull_request_id} with a positive request number.
| Method and endpoint | Purpose | Important condition |
|---|---|---|
GET /applications/{uuid}/previews |
List previews for an application. | Use the result to discover active preview IDs and domains. |
GET /applications/{uuid}/previews/{pull_request_id} |
Inspect one request’s preview. | The request ID identifies the preview to retrieve. |
POST /applications/{uuid}/previews |
Create or redeploy a preview. | Send a positive pull_request_id; creation or redeployment requires deploy permission. |
Grant automation only the deploy permission it needs, protect API credentials like other deployment secrets, and record which system created each preview so failed cleanup can be traced.
Troubleshoot previews that do not appear or open
No pull request appears in Coolify
- For the GitHub App, confirm that the app is installed on the repository.
- Confirm Pull requests is set to Read and write.
- Confirm the Pull request event is subscribed.
- Confirm Preview Deployments is enabled on the specific application, not only on another application using the same repository.
The manual webhook is delivered but no preview starts
- Inspect the provider’s recent delivery records and verify that a pull-request event was sent.
- Check the HTTP response from Coolify and the exact secret character-for-character.
- Verify that the Coolify URL is reachable from the provider and that SSL verification succeeds.
- Ensure the webhook is active and that Preview Deployments is enabled.
The generated URL does not resolve
- Check that the wildcard A or AAAA record uses the deployment server’s current address.
- Check the hostname produced by the template for spelling, zone, and valid label characters.
- Test DNS resolution from the same network where reviewers will open the preview.
- Inspect Coolify’s preview logs after DNS resolves; a working record does not guarantee that the container is healthy.
A preview contains sensitive or production data
- Remove production credentials from the preview variable set immediately.
- Replace them with non-production credentials and services.
- Rotate any production secret that the preview could have accessed.
- Review external databases, storage, queues, and third-party accounts for data written before the correction.
An old pull request is missing
Use Load Pull Requests on the application’s Preview Deployments page, then select Deploy preview for that request. Enabling the feature alone does not backfill previously open requests.
The preview is slow or fails only when production is busy
Measure concurrent container usage and increase server capacity or limit simultaneous previews. A preview shares the deployment server’s available resources unless you isolate it on another server, so builds, databases, and production traffic can contend for CPU, memory, disk, or network bandwidth.
Quick Recap
A repeatable operating checklist
- Normal branch deployment succeeds before previews are enabled.
- Preview deployment access matches the trust level of contributors.
- GitHub App permissions and event subscriptions are verified, or the manual webhook secret and delivery path are tested.
- The preview URL template produces unique, valid hostnames.
- A wildcard DNS A or AAAA record points to the deployment server.
- Preview variables use non-production credentials and isolated services.
- New requests create a preview, updates redeploy it, and close or merge removes the automatic preview.
- Previously open requests are loaded and deployed intentionally.
- Docker Image tags and API automation use positive request IDs and appropriate deploy permissions.
- External preview data and credentials have an independent cleanup and rotation process.
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