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A PageKite front end is a public Debian server that accepts authenticated tunnels from PageKite backends and relays requests for their kite domains. To run one, install PageKite, create a front-end configuration in /etc/pagekite.d/20_frontend.rc, point DNS and TCP ports 80/443 at the host, coordinate TLS and shared secrets with each backend, then restart and test the daemon.
What a PageKite front end does
PageKite separates the service that runs on your private network from the Internet-facing relay. A backend opens an outbound tunnel to the front end. The front end accepts that authenticated tunnel, receives requests for the registered kite domain, and forwards them through the tunnel to the backend service. This arrangement can publish a service even when the backend is behind NAT or an inbound firewall.
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You need a self-hosted front end only when you control a publicly reachable Internet server and want your own relay domain, certificates, and operating policy. PageKite’s documentation describes this as an alternative to, or an addition to, the commercial pagekite.net service. If you do not need control of the relay, using that hosted service avoids maintaining a public relay server.
Prerequisites and design decisions
- A public Debian host: The host must have a stable, publicly reachable address and enough CPU, memory, storage, and network capacity for your traffic. The official documentation does not publish a universal connection or throughput limit; capacity depends on the host, network path, protocol mix, and configuration.
- A relay DNS name: Choose the hostname that backends and clients will use, and create DNS records that resolve it to the Debian host. The certificate names and PageKite settings must use the same hostname.
- Firewall access: Permit TCP 80 and 443 on both the host firewall and any upstream security group or firewall. If another service already owns those ports, plan a separate address or use PageKite’s
host=setting to bind it to a specific local address. - A naming and secret scheme: The
domain=setting contains the wildcard domain accepted by the front end and a shared secret used to authenticate registrations. Use a long, unique secret for each domain or trust boundary and store it as a credential. - TLS material: Obtain a certificate and private key for the relay name if you will terminate TLS at the front end. You will also need a CA bundle that the backend can use to verify the front-end certificate.
Decide whether the front end will also proxy a service running on the same Debian host. If it will, add a local service_on mapping. If the backends are on other machines, configure those backends to connect to this relay and omit a local mapping unless the front end itself hosts a service.
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Install PageKite on Debian
Install the Debian package
The current official download instructions use Debian’s package manager:
sudo apt install pagekiteDebian also provides PageKite’s system-daemon integration and the /etc/pagekite.d/ configuration directory. PageKite distributes its own packages and pagekite.py as well; the official download page cautions that distribution packages can be a few releases behind. Choose one packaging route for the host and document which version you installed so upgrades remain predictable.
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Understand the system configuration order
The packaged daemon reads files matching /etc/pagekite.d/*.rc in lexicographic order. A practical convention is to keep account or common settings in a low-numbered file, the relay definition in 20_frontend.rc, and local service mappings in a later file such as 80_backend.rc. Because later files are read later, avoid defining the same option in multiple files unless you deliberately want the later value to take effect.
If you already have a working per-user PageKite configuration, the package guide describes copying it into a file such as /etc/pagekite.d/10_account.rc, then restarting the service. Review every copied credential before making it readable by the system daemon.
Configure the public front end
Create 20_frontend.rc
Create or edit /etc/pagekite.d/20_frontend.rc with the core relay settings:
isfrontend
ports=80,443
protos=http,https
domain=http,https:*.your.domain:MakeUpAPasswordHereReplace your.domain with the domain under which your kites will be registered, and replace MakeUpAPasswordHere with a strong secret. The four settings have distinct jobs:
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isfrontendswitches the process into front-end mode instead of ordinary backend-only mode.ports=80,443tells PageKite which listener ports to open for the relay.protos=http,httpslimits the accepted protocols to HTTP and HTTPS in this example.domain=http,https:*.your.domain:MakeUpAPasswordHeredeclares the protocols, wildcard domain, and registration secret accepted for that domain.
The wildcard is a policy boundary: only kite names beneath the domain you specify should be accepted by that line. Add another domain= line only when you intentionally want another domain and its own authentication policy.
Resolve port conflicts
If Apache, Nginx, another PageKite process, or another service already listens on the required address and port, PageKite cannot bind there. The front-end guide allows a host= line to bind PageKite to a particular local address. For example, when the server has multiple addresses, bind the relay to the address whose DNS record points at the front end:
host=203.0.113.20Use the host’s actual address; the example above is only a documentation placeholder. Confirm the result with the service logs and your operating system’s socket tools rather than assuming a bind succeeded.
Map a service running on the Debian host
Create 80_backend.rc
When the front end should also expose a web server on the same machine, create /etc/pagekite.d/80_backend.rc and add a mapping such as:
service_on=http:192.168.0.1:127.0.0.1:80:Replace the example addresses and port with the actual service. In the documented syntax, the fields are:
service_on=proto:kitename:host:port:secretprotois the protocol, such ashttp.kitenameidentifies the kite domain to publish.hostandportidentify the local listener that PageKite should reach.secretis the service-side secret when one is required by the mapping.
The Debian man page documents the equivalent command-line form as --service_on=proto:kitename:host:port:secret. Do not copy the sample IP address blindly: a loopback listener such as 127.0.0.1 is appropriate only when the service is on the same host and listens there. Test the service locally first, for example with its own health check or an HTTP request to the configured address and port.
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Point remote backends at your relay
A backend on another machine must be told to use your relay rather than the hosted PageKite front end. The backend-side settings shown by the official guide are:
frontend=frontend.your.domain:443
fe_certname=frontend.your.domain
ca_certs=/etc/pagekite.d/site-cert.pemReplace frontend.your.domain with the DNS name of your front end. The backend’s frontend endpoint, the certificate name in fe_certname, and the name covered by the certificate must agree. Install the CA bundle at the path named by ca_certs, or change the path to the bundle used by your system.
The front end’s domain= line supplies the shared secret used to authenticate tunnel registrations. Make the backend’s registration credentials match the front-end policy for the kite it is publishing. A mismatch normally appears as an authentication or registration failure rather than an application error, so check the secret and domain together.
Configure TLS and certificates
Terminate TLS at the front end
The official front-end workflow uses a PEM file containing the front end’s certificate and private key, then declares the endpoint with:
tls_endpoint=frontend.your.domain:/path/to/frontend.pemUse the real relay hostname and the actual path to the PEM file. The certificate must be valid for the hostname clients and backends use. Keep the private key and the PageKite shared secret readable only by the accounts that need them; they are equivalent to other server credentials.
Make backend verification consistent
On each backend, set frontend, fe_certname, and ca_certs as shown above. The CA bundle must contain a trust root that validates the front-end certificate, and fe_certname must match the certificate’s name. If you connect by an IP address while the certificate covers only a DNS name, verification can fail even though the server is reachable. Use the DNS name covered by the certificate for the endpoint.
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When changing certificates, update the PEM on the front end and the CA bundle or trust configuration on backends as needed, then restart the affected processes. Check expiration and renewal procedures before deploying so a renewed certificate is installed at the same path or the configuration is updated atomically.
DNS and firewall validation
- Create the relay DNS record and verify that it resolves publicly to the Debian host’s reachable address. If you use multiple addresses, ensure the address selected by clients is one on which PageKite is listening.
- Allow inbound TCP 80 and 443 through the Debian host firewall and any cloud or upstream firewall. An open local socket is not sufficient when an upstream security group still blocks the port.
- Confirm that no other process owns the configured address and ports. If there is a conflict, stop the competing listener or use a dedicated address with
host=. - From a separate network, test that the relay ports are reachable. Test from outside the server’s own LAN because local firewall rules and hairpin routing can hide an external block.
Start, restart, and observe the daemon
After editing the files, restart the Debian service:
sudo invoke-rc.d pagekite restartOn installations managed through systemd, the package guide also shows restarting with:
sudo systemctl restart pagekiteUse the command appropriate to the service wrapper installed on your host. Check the result immediately instead of assuming a successful command means every listener and tunnel is healthy.
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Run an interactive diagnostic session
For detailed diagnosis, stop the daemon first so it does not compete for the same ports, then run PageKite in the foreground with the packaged configuration directory:
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sudo pagekite --clean --optdir=/etc/pagekite.dWhen the normal log does not identify the problem, add --logfile=stdio to keep diagnostics in the terminal and --debugio for lower-level connection detail. Restore the service process after testing and do not leave verbose debugging enabled indefinitely on a public relay because logs can expose connection details and credentials.
Verify the complete path
- Resolve the relay hostname from a client network and confirm it returns the intended public address.
- Check that TCP 80 and 443 reach the Debian host and that PageKite has bound the expected addresses.
- Start the backend and watch the front-end log for a successful authenticated tunnel registration.
- Request the kite hostname over HTTP, then HTTPS if TLS is configured. Confirm that the request reaches the intended local service, not merely that the front end accepts a TCP connection.
- Stop the backend briefly and repeat the request. The resulting failure should indicate that the tunnel or backend is unavailable; this distinguishes routing problems from an application that is simply returning an error.
Troubleshoot by symptom
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| PageKite will not start or reports an address-in-use error | Another process owns the configured address or port | Inspect listeners, stop the conflicting service, or add a host= line for a dedicated local address. |
| The relay hostname does not connect from the Internet | DNS points elsewhere, or TCP 80/443 is blocked upstream | Verify public DNS, host firewall rules, cloud security rules, and the external socket test. |
| A backend cannot register | Front-end name, port, secret, or domain policy does not match | Compare the backend endpoint and registration credentials with the front end’s domain= line; inspect the PageKite log. |
| TLS reports an unknown issuer or name mismatch | The CA bundle is wrong, the certificate does not cover the name, or the backend connects using a different name | Check tls_endpoint, frontend, fe_certname, ca_certs, and the certificate’s names and trust chain. |
| The tunnel is up but the application is unreachable | The service_on host or port is wrong, or the local application is not listening |
Test the application locally at the exact address and port in 80_backend.rc; correct the mapping and restart. |
| Changes appear to have no effect | The file is not being read, or a later lexicographic file overrides it | Confirm the filename ends in .rc, check spelling and permissions, review all files in /etc/pagekite.d/, and restart the daemon. |
| The foreground diagnostic cannot bind | The background daemon is still running | Stop the service before running --clean --optdir=/etc/pagekite.d interactively. |
Security and day-to-day operations
- Treat the relay as an Internet-facing service. Minimize exposed ports and keep Debian and PageKite patched through your normal change process.
- Use separate, strong secrets. Do not reuse the
domain=secret across unrelated domains or environments. Rotate a secret by coordinating the front end and every backend that uses it. - Protect configuration files and keys. Files under
/etc/pagekite.d/can contain shared secrets, certificate paths, and private key references. Restrict administrative access and avoid copying them into world-readable locations. - Monitor logs and renewals. Alert on repeated registration failures, listener errors, certificate-expiration warnings, and unexpected changes in connection volume. Keep enough log history to diagnose intermittent tunnel failures without retaining sensitive data longer than necessary.
- Plan capacity from observation. There is no current official one-size-fits-all capacity number for a Debian front end. Measure CPU, memory, bandwidth, concurrent tunnels, and protocol mix under your own workload before adding more backends.
Self-hosted front end versus the hosted service
The choice is operational rather than a guaranteed performance difference. The available documentation does not provide a current numerical benchmark comparing the two options.
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|---|---|---|
| DNS and certificate control | You choose the relay domain, certificate files, trust policy, and renewal process. | The service operator controls the relay infrastructure and its certificate workflow. |
| Operational burden | You maintain Debian, PageKite, firewall rules, DNS, logs, secrets, and incident recovery. | You avoid running the public relay and its supporting infrastructure. |
| Public-host cost | You provide and pay for the Internet server and its network resources; the amount depends on your provider and workload. | You use the provider’s service according to its current offering. |
| Scaling responsibility | You size, monitor, and expand the host or relay fleet. | The provider handles relay capacity within the service’s terms. |
| Custom relay policy | You can define accepted domains, credentials, listeners, and local integration. | You work within the controls exposed by the hosted service. |
Choose self-hosting when ownership of DNS and certificates, a private relay policy, or integration with an existing Internet server justifies the maintenance work. Choose the hosted option when avoiding public-server administration is more important than controlling the relay itself.
Reference configuration layout
A minimal arrangement for a front end that also publishes a local web service can look like this:
/etc/pagekite.d/10_account.rc # account or common settings
/etc/pagekite.d/20_frontend.rc # public relay listeners and domain policy
/etc/pagekite.d/80_backend.rc # optional local service mapping
The corresponding files contain the following application-specific values:
# /etc/pagekite.d/20_frontend.rc
isfrontend
ports=80,443
protos=http,https
domain=http,https:*.your.domain:REPLACE_WITH_A_LONG_SECRET
tls_endpoint=frontend.your.domain:/secure/path/frontend.pem
# /etc/pagekite.d/80_backend.rc
service_on=http:your-kite.your.domain:127.0.0.1:80:The hostname, secret, certificate path, kite name, and local service address in this example are placeholders and must be replaced. If this host is only a relay for remote backends, omit the service_on line and configure each remote backend with the relay endpoint, certificate name, and CA bundle instead.
Quick Recap
Final pre-launch checklist
- DNS for the relay name resolves to the Debian host.
- TCP 80 and 443 are allowed through every firewall between clients and the host.
20_frontend.rccontainsisfrontend, the intended ports and protocols, and a strongdomain=policy.- Any port conflict has been removed or handled with
host=. - Each local mapping points to a service that is actually listening at the specified address and port.
- The front-end PEM, endpoint name, backend
fe_certname, and CA bundle form one consistent TLS chain. - Secrets and private keys are protected, and the service log is monitored after restart.
- You have tested both an ordinary request and a failure case with the backend unavailable.
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