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You can run WireGuard Easy (wg-easy) on a VPS as a Docker service, then manage VPN peers from a browser instead of editing WireGuard files by hand. The reliable setup is: provision a public Linux VPS, install Docker, deploy the versioned wg-easy Compose file with persistent storage, allow the WireGuard UDP port through both firewalls, and protect the administration interface with HTTPS and restricted access.
This guide follows the maintained v15.4-style deployment model. Environment-variable names and authentication settings can change between major versions, so use the Compose file and getting-started instructions for the exact image tag you deploy.
What WireGuard Easy does
WireGuard Easy combines a WireGuard VPN server and a web administration interface in one container deployment. From the dashboard you can create clients, edit them, enable or disable them, display a QR code, download configuration files, and view connection statistics. The project also lists IPv6 support, two-factor authentication, OpenID Connect (OIDC), Prometheus metrics, and optional per-client firewall filtering. Which features and environment variables are available depends on the version you run.
The VPS supplies the public network endpoint and compute host. Docker runs the wg-easy container, while the WireGuard data directory stores server keys, peer configurations, and other state. A named volume or host directory must persist that data across container recreation.
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VPS requirements and decisions
Public reachability
Your VPS needs a publicly reachable IPv4 address, or a DNS name that resolves to one. The VPN clients use this address as their endpoint. A DNS name is useful when the address can change, but it does not remove the need for inbound UDP access at the provider and operating-system levels.
Supported host and architecture
The maintained getting-started material documents x86_64 and arm64 for the basic tutorial. Older documentation also lists armv7. Check the architecture listed by the exact versioned documentation and image you intend to deploy; an image that does not support your CPU cannot start correctly.
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Container and kernel permissions
Install a supported container runtime, such as Docker or Podman, and use a Linux distribution you can patch and administer. WireGuard requires networking capabilities that the Compose definition supplies; your account must be allowed to run the container and configure the host networking required by the selected deployment.
Storage, backups and capacity
Use persistent disk storage and plan backups for the WireGuard data directory. No official minimum RAM, CPU, bandwidth, or monthly price is published. Actual capacity depends on the number of peers, traffic volume, logging, and the VPS provider, so select a plan based on your workload rather than an invented minimum.
Ports and exposure
Choose a UDP listen port for WireGuard. The basic tutorial uses UDP 51820. You may choose another port, but the client endpoint, Compose port mapping, provider firewall, and host firewall must all agree. The dashboard uses a separate web port; keep that port private when possible and publish only the HTTPS reverse-proxy endpoint.
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Prepare and harden the Linux VPS
- Provision a current Linux VPS with a public address and an architecture supported by the wg-easy version.
- Create an administrative account with a strong, unique password or SSH key. Disable password SSH login and direct root login after confirming that key-based access works.
- Apply all available operating-system security updates, enable a host firewall, and allow SSH only from the administrative networks you actually use.
- Set the correct system time and configure automatic security updates where your distribution supports them. Accurate time is important for TLS certificates, logs, and incident investigation.
- Decide whether the dashboard will be reachable only through a private management network, an allowlist, or an administrative VPN. Make that decision before exposing any web port.
These controls protect the host; they do not replace the wg-easy dashboard password, reverse-proxy TLS, or protection of WireGuard private keys.
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Install Docker by following Docker’s supported installation method for your Linux distribution, then verify that the daemon and Compose plugin are available. The wg-easy project directs operators to install Docker before starting the container.
- Check the installation with
docker versionanddocker compose version. - Create a dedicated directory for the deployment:
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker/containers/wg-easy. - Change into it with
cd /etc/docker/containers/wg-easy. - Keep the Compose file and any environment file readable only by administrators, because they can contain authentication material.
The basic tutorial uses this directory for the Compose project and mounts persistent storage at /etc/wireguard inside the container.
Use the maintained Compose definition
Do not copy an old blog’s environment block without checking its version. Download or create the Compose file from the maintained documentation for the image tag you selected, then pin that tag when reproducibility matters. Versioned examples can rename authentication variables, change defaults, or add migration requirements.
Before starting, review these settings in the version-matched file:
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| Setting | What to set or verify |
|---|---|
| Public host | Set the documented WG_HOST value to the VPS public IP or a DNS name such as vpn.example.net. |
| WireGuard listen port | Use the documented default, UDP 51820, or another chosen UDP port consistently everywhere. |
| Dashboard port | Keep the container’s web port reachable from the reverse proxy or private management network, not from the whole internet unless there is no safer option. |
| Persistent storage | Mount a named volume or host directory to /etc/wireguard; never rely on the container’s writable layer. |
| Capabilities and networking | Retain the networking capabilities, port mappings, and kernel settings supplied by the maintained Compose example. |
| Image tag | Pin a documented version for controlled upgrades, and record it with the Compose file. |
Validate the rendered configuration before starting it with docker compose config. This catches malformed YAML and missing variable substitutions without launching the service.
Set dashboard authentication safely
Use the password-hash mechanism required by your selected wg-easy version rather than storing a plain dashboard password. The setup guidance describes bcrypt-hashed authentication. Generate the hash using a trusted local method, then place it in the exact variable name documented for that version.
Compose treats a dollar sign as variable-substitution syntax. Bcrypt hashes commonly contain dollar signs, so double each dollar sign when the hash is written directly in a Compose file. An unescaped hash can be changed before the container sees it, causing login failures or an unintended value. If you keep secrets in an environment file, apply the escaping rules documented for that file format and protect the file permissions.
- Use a long, unique dashboard secret and do not reuse an SSH, VPS, or personal account password.
- Enable two-factor authentication or OIDC when the deployed version supports it and your access model justifies the added setup.
- Do not commit Compose files, environment files, or generated hashes to a public repository.
Start the container and verify it locally
- From
/etc/docker/containers/wg-easy, start the project withdocker compose up -d. - Check service state with
docker compose ps. Confirm that the container is running rather than repeatedly restarting. - Read startup messages with
docker compose logs --tail=200. Resolve configuration, permission, or kernel errors before opening any firewall port. - Confirm that the persistent volume or host directory is mounted at
/etc/wireguardand that files remain after a controlled container recreation. - Access the dashboard from the VPS itself or through the intended private path before publishing it through a reverse proxy.
A healthy container alone does not prove that a remote client can establish a tunnel. Provider firewalls, host firewalls, DNS, NAT, and client routes still need testing.
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Provider firewall
In the VPS provider’s network firewall, allow inbound UDP 51820 if you kept the documented default, or the alternative UDP port you selected. Allow SSH only from your administration sources. If a reverse proxy terminates HTTPS on the VPS, allow its HTTPS port; do not automatically allow the internal dashboard port.
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Host firewall
Repeat the WireGuard UDP rule in the Linux host firewall. Both layers must permit the same port. If you change the WireGuard port later, update the Compose mapping, client endpoints, provider rule, and host rule together.
IPv6 and egress considerations
If you enable IPv6, confirm that the VPS provider routes it and that your firewall policy covers both address families. Ensure outbound traffic required by your chosen VPN routing model is permitted. The project advertises IPv6 support, but your VPS network and client configuration still determine whether it works end to end.
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Expose the web UI through HTTPS
The project recommends placing the dashboard behind a properly configured HTTPS reverse proxy for secure internet access. The proxy should terminate TLS with a certificate for the administrative hostname, forward requests only to the local wg-easy web port, and preserve the headers required by the application’s documented setup.
- Create a DNS record for an administration hostname that resolves to the VPS.
- Configure the reverse proxy to obtain and renew a certificate for that hostname.
- Proxy HTTPS requests to the wg-easy dashboard port on the local host or Docker network.
- Do not expose the dashboard’s backend port directly through the provider firewall.
- Test certificate renewal, redirect behavior, login, and access from a network that is not the VPS itself.
If you deliberately use the project’s reverse-proxyless mode, restrict the dashboard with a provider firewall allowlist, host firewall rules, private networking, or an administrative VPN. A public, unencrypted dashboard is not an acceptable substitute for HTTPS.
Create and onboard a VPN client
- Sign in to the dashboard through the protected HTTPS or private path.
- Create a client and give it a recognizable name tied to a person or device. Avoid putting sensitive personal information in names that may appear in screenshots or logs.
- For a phone or tablet, display the generated QR code and scan it with the official WireGuard mobile application.
- For a desktop, download the generated configuration file and import it into the WireGuard desktop client.
- Enable the client only after confirming that the endpoint hostname or IP, UDP port, allowed routes, and DNS settings match your intended policy.
Keep downloaded configuration files private. They contain key material that can authenticate to the VPN. If a device is lost or its file is exposed, disable or remove that client in the dashboard and create a replacement.
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Test the tunnel from outside the VPS network
Use a different network, such as cellular data, rather than testing only from the VPS’s own network. A practical validation sequence is:
- Activate the client and confirm that the WireGuard application reports a recent handshake.
- Check the wg-easy statistics view for the same peer and a current transfer time.
- Verify that the intended private routes are reachable and that traffic not meant for the tunnel still follows the expected path.
- Check DNS resolution for both internal names and ordinary internet names according to your configuration.
- Disconnect and reconnect the client to confirm that the endpoint, keys, and firewall rules work repeatedly.
This test distinguishes a functioning local container from a reachable VPN service. It also exposes mistakes in DNS, route selection, mobile-network UDP handling, and split-tunnel expectations.
Back up keys and maintain the service
Protect the persistent data
The /etc/wireguard mount contains VPN configuration and private-key material. Back it up on a schedule, encrypt the backup as an operational best practice, and restrict access to the smallest group that needs recovery privileges. Test restoration on a separate location; a backup that has never been restored is only an assumption.
Also preserve the current image tag, Compose file, environment settings, DNS details, firewall rules, and reverse-proxy configuration. Those records reduce recovery time when a VPS is rebuilt.
Apply updates deliberately
The documented update path is:
- Back up
/etc/wireguardand record the running image tag and configuration. - Review the version’s migration notes, especially before a major-version change.
- Pull the selected image with
docker compose pull. - Recreate the service with
docker compose up -d. - Inspect
docker compose psanddocker compose logs --tail=200, then test an existing client handshake and dashboard login.
Confirm that authentication variable names, password-hash escaping, port mappings, and volume mounts remain valid after an upgrade. Optional auto-update tooling exists in the project documentation, but automatic replacement should not bypass backups and migration review.
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Watch container logs, available disk space, peer handshake times, transfer counters, certificate renewal, and backup success. A dashboard that is reachable is not proof that every peer is healthy; stale handshakes and a full disk can silently prevent new configurations or logs from being written.
Troubleshooting by symptom
| Symptom | Checks and corrective action |
|---|---|
| No client handshake | Confirm the client endpoint uses the VPS public IP or DNS name, the configured UDP port is allowed by both provider and host firewalls, the container is running, and the client is using the current configuration. Check the VPS’s public address and DNS record for changes. |
| Dashboard unreachable | Check the container’s web port, reverse-proxy upstream, DNS record, TLS certificate, and firewall rules. Test the backend locally, then test the HTTPS path. If using reverse-proxyless mode, verify the private-network or allowlist rule. |
| Login fails after an upgrade | Read the exact version’s authentication variable documentation and inspect Compose interpolation. An unescaped dollar sign in a bcrypt hash can be interpreted as a variable and produce a different password value. |
| Configuration disappears after recreation | Inspect the Compose mounts and confirm that a named volume or host directory is mapped to /etc/wireguard. Data stored only in the container layer is lost when that layer is replaced. |
| Container will not start | Check CPU architecture, container-runtime support, required networking capabilities, YAML syntax, image tag availability, and logs. An armv7 host may not be supported by the version you selected even if older documentation listed it. |
| Some routes or DNS names fail | Compare the client’s allowed routes and DNS settings with the server policy. Verify forwarding and firewall rules for the chosen IPv4 or IPv6 design rather than assuming that a successful handshake means all traffic is routed. |
Self-hosted VPS versus other deployment choices
| Consideration | wg-easy on your VPS | Hosted VPN service | Manual WireGuard on a VPS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control and isolation | You control the host, keys, firewall, and data location. | The provider controls the service infrastructure and operational policies. | You control the host and configuration directly. |
| Operational effort | You manage Docker, updates, TLS, backups, and firewalls; the browser UI reduces peer-management work. | The provider operates the control plane, so host maintenance is reduced. | You manage every peer file and server change manually. |
| Network reachability | Requires a public address, inbound UDP policy, and provider firewall access. | Depends on the provider’s locations and client network behavior. | Has the same VPS reachability requirements as wg-easy. |
| Administration | Browser controls, QR onboarding, downloads, statistics, and version-dependent security features. | Provider-specific applications and controls. | Command-line or file-based administration with no wg-easy dashboard. |
| Responsibility and cost | You pay recurring VPS and possibly DNS or backup costs and remain responsible for patching and key protection. | Fees cover a managed service, with less control over infrastructure. | You pay VPS and backup costs and carry the full configuration burden. |
Choose the VPS approach when control over keys and network policy matters and you are willing to operate a Linux host. Choose a managed service when minimizing server administration matters more than running your own endpoint. Choose manual WireGuard when you need maximum configuration control and are comfortable maintaining peer files without a web UI.
Quick Recap
Operational checklist
- Public IPv4 address or DNS name resolves correctly.
- CPU architecture and container runtime are supported by the deployed version.
- Docker and Compose are installed from supported sources.
- Compose uses a pinned, documented image tag when reproducibility is important.
WG_HOST, WireGuard UDP port, dashboard port, and volume mount match the versioned example.- Bcrypt dashboard hash is stored using the correct variable and escaped for Compose.
/etc/wireguardis persistent, backed up, encrypted in backup storage, and access-controlled.- Provider and host firewalls allow the WireGuard UDP port; dashboard access is restricted.
- HTTPS reverse proxy or a private, authenticated reverse-proxyless path protects the UI.
- A client tested from an outside network has a current handshake and correct routes and DNS.
- Upgrade and rollback records include the image tag, Compose file, secrets, and migration notes.
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