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The reliable pattern is to run Tiny Tiny RSS (tt-rss) with its official Docker Compose stack, bind the stack’s web port to the VPS loopback interface, and let host Nginx handle the public HTTP and HTTPS traffic. Set TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH to the exact public URL, forward X-Forwarded-Proto, and keep PostgreSQL data in a persistent volume before you expose the service.
What you are building
Tiny Tiny RSS is a free, GPLv3-licensed, self-hosted RSS and Atom reader and aggregator. The project’s recommended deployment method is Docker. Its reference Compose setup separates the database, application, updater, and web-Nginx roles instead of putting everything in one process.
| Component | Purpose | Where it should be reachable |
|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Stores users, feeds, articles, preferences, and application state. | Only on the internal Compose network. |
| TT-RSS application/FPM service | Runs the web application and PHP-FPM workload. | Only through the stack’s web service. |
| Updater service | Fetches feeds on a schedule. | Internal; no public listener is needed. |
| Web-Nginx container | Serves the TT-RSS web endpoint inside the Compose project. | Published to a loopback address on the VPS. |
| Host Nginx | Owns the public hostname, TLS certificate, access logs, and reverse-proxy headers. | Internet-facing on TCP 80 and 443. |
This arrangement leaves the TT-RSS container private even though the application is available from the internet through your hostname.
Prerequisites and a safe network layout
- A current Linux VPS with enough memory and disk for PostgreSQL, feed content, logs, and backups.
- Docker Engine and the Docker Compose plugin installed and working for the account that will manage the stack.
- A DNS A or AAAA record such as
rss.example.compointing to the VPS. - Inbound TCP 80 and 443 allowed by both the VPS firewall and the hosting provider’s firewall.
- A modern browser for the initial TT-RSS setup.
- Host Nginx installed and enabled. Do not run another service on the same public ports.
Use a firewall that leaves SSH available for administration but exposes only the web ports publicly. The Compose web port should be bound to 127.0.0.1, not to 0.0.0.0. A loopback bind means a remote client cannot bypass host Nginx by connecting directly to the container’s published port.
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Choose a URL: subpath or dedicated hostname
Decide the public URL before editing either configuration file. TT-RSS generates links, API endpoints, redirects, and asset paths from TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH; changing the URL later requires coordinated edits.
| Layout | Public URL | Advantages | Risks and extra work |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subpath on an existing site | https://example.com/tt-rss |
Uses an existing hostname and certificate. | Every Nginx location and the upstream URI must preserve /tt-rss/. Existing PHP or rewrite locations can accidentally intercept requests. |
| Dedicated subdomain | https://rss.example.com |
Simple root-relative URLs and an isolated Nginx server block. | Requires a DNS record and a certificate for the additional hostname. |
If you control DNS and do not need TT-RSS under an existing site, a dedicated hostname generally has fewer path-mismatch failure modes. For a subpath, use the same path, including its spelling and trailing-slash behavior, in the environment variable, Nginx location, and proxy_pass.
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On a Debian- or Ubuntu-family VPS, install Docker Engine from the distribution or Docker’s current repository instructions, then install the Compose plugin. Package names and repository setup change between releases, so verify that the commands match your operating-system version. Confirm the installation:
docker --version
docker compose version
nginx -v
If Docker commands require sudo, either continue to run Compose with sudo or add your administration account to the Docker group and start a new login session. Membership in that group grants root-equivalent control over the host; restrict it to trusted administrators.
Obtain the official TT-RSS Compose files
The TT-RSS installation guide provides the supported Compose file and its companion .env. Copy those files into a private directory on the VPS rather than building a stack from an old tutorial. The project uses continuously developed images, so image names and tags can change.
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sudo mkdir -p /opt/tt-rss
sudo chown "$USER":"$USER" /opt/tt-rss
cd /opt/tt-rss
# Place the current official compose file and .env here
chmod 600 .env
Keep this directory out of public Git repositories. The environment file contains database credentials and the public application URL. If you maintain the files in version control, keep secrets in an untracked file with equivalent permissions.
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Open /opt/tt-rss/.env and retain the variable names expected by the current official Compose file. At minimum, set a strong, unique PostgreSQL password and the database, user, and host values required by that file. Do not reuse an SSH, email, or hosting password.
For a subpath deployment, the important values look like this:
HTTP_PORT=127.0.0.1:8280
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH=https://example.com/tt-rss
For a dedicated hostname, use the root URL instead:
HTTP_PORT=127.0.0.1:8280
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH=https://rss.example.com
The published port can be another unused loopback port, but the number must match the host Nginx upstream. Do not append a slash to the dedicated-hostname value unless the current TT-RSS documentation specifically requires one; for a subpath, the path must be present exactly as users will enter it.
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The official example can use Docker Hub or GitHub Container Registry images and includes persistent db and app volumes. Keep the volume declarations from the current file. Removing them or replacing them with anonymous, disposable storage is a common cause of apparent database loss.
Start the stack and check each service
- Change to the deployment directory:
cd /opt/tt-rss. - Validate the Compose file before starting containers:
docker compose config. Fix YAML or variable-substitution errors before continuing. - Start the services in the background:
docker compose up -d. - List service state:
docker compose ps. The database, application, updater, and web-Nginx services should be running; wait for health checks where the file defines them. - Review startup output if a service is restarting:
docker compose logs --tail=100 dbanddocker compose logs --tail=100 web-nginx. Use the actual service names shown bydocker compose psif they differ. - Confirm the loopback listener from the host:
ss -ltnp | grep 8280. It should show a listener on127.0.0.1:8280, not on every interface.
Do not configure public Nginx until the web service responds locally and the database has completed initialization. A container that is still applying migrations can produce temporary 502 responses or an incomplete setup screen.
Configure host Nginx for a subpath
Create a server block for the hostname that will carry TT-RSS. The following location follows the project’s documented proxy pattern:
location ^~ /tt-rss/ {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8280/tt-rss/;
break;
}
The ^~ modifier gives this prefix location priority over regular-expression locations, which matters on servers that also contain a generic PHP handler. The URI in proxy_pass intentionally includes /tt-rss/; omitting it or changing one side of the pair can strip or duplicate the path.
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Configure host Nginx for a dedicated subdomain
For rss.example.com, proxy the root path and use the root URL in TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH:
server {
server_name rss.example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8280/;
break;
}
}
Do not leave a broad static-file, PHP, or FastCGI rule ahead of this location in a way that captures the same requests. Test and reload the configuration:
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx
nginx -t must report a successful syntax test. If it fails, Nginx keeps its previous configuration; correct the reported file and test again rather than forcing a reload.
Enable HTTPS with Certbot
Wait until DNS resolves to the VPS and the HTTP server block is present. Ubuntu documents Certbot’s Nginx plugin as the standard route and identifies Certbot as the recommended ACME client for Let’s Encrypt.
sudo snap install --classic certbot
sudo certbot --nginx -d rss.example.com
For a subpath, request the certificate for the parent hostname instead, for example sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com, and select the server block that contains /tt-rss/. Certbot’s Nginx plugin locates the matching server block, adds TLS directives, and reloads Nginx.
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The resulting HTTPS listener needs an SSL certificate and private key. Keep the private key readable by the Nginx master process but inaccessible to untrusted users. Confirm automatic renewal is enabled by the Certbot package and test renewal according to your distribution’s documentation.
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Verify the public URL and proxy behavior
- Open the exact value of
TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATHin a private browser window. - Confirm that the page loads over HTTPS and that the browser reports no mixed-content requests.
- Sign in and open a feed, then inspect a few links and assets. They should retain the chosen hostname and, for a subpath, the
/tt-rss/prefix. - Watch both logs while making a request:
docker compose logs -f web-nginxand the host Nginx access/error logs. - Check that the updater is running and that a feed refresh changes its last-updated time.
The X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme header tells TT-RSS that the original client connection was HTTPS even though the container receives plain HTTP from host Nginx. Without it, TT-RSS can generate HTTP links, trigger redirect loops, or produce mixed-content warnings.
Persistence, backups, and restores
Container recreation is normal during upgrades; data loss is not. PostgreSQL and application data must reside in the named or host-mounted persistent volumes declared by the official Compose file. Before changing the Compose file, inspect the mounts with:
docker compose config
docker volume ls
Use the current official backups service if you enable it, and store backup output on storage that survives deletion of the VPS. A logical PostgreSQL dump is also useful for migrations. Adapt the following command to the database service and credentials in your current file:
mkdir -p /opt/tt-rss-backups
docker compose exec -T db pg_dump -U "$POSTGRES_USER" "$POSTGRES_DB" > /opt/tt-rss-backups/tt-rss-$(date +%F).sql
Protect dump files because they contain feed metadata and account information. A backup is only useful if it can be restored. Periodically test a restore into an isolated PostgreSQL instance or a disposable copy of the stack, and record the exact Compose and image versions used for that test.
PostgreSQL major upgrades require special care. Official PostgreSQL container images do not automatically migrate data between major versions. PostgreSQL 18 also changes the default data-volume path in the official image. Read the current TT-RSS and PostgreSQL migration guidance, take a verified backup, and follow the documented dump/restore or upgrade procedure before changing the database image tag or volume mount.
Update TT-RSS without losing the database
- Read the current TT-RSS installation notes and identify the intended image versions.
- Make and verify a database backup before touching containers.
- Review changes to the Compose file, especially volume paths, environment variable names, and database image versions.
- Pull the selected images:
docker compose pull. - Recreate services:
docker compose up -d. - Check service health and logs with
docker compose psanddocker compose logs --tail=100. - Open the public URL and test login, feed refresh, and an article view.
The project uses continuous development and recommends staying current with recent Docker images or the main branch. Pin versions you have validated rather than allowing an unplanned major database change during a routine application update.
Troubleshooting common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check or change |
|---|---|---|
| 502 Bad Gateway | The web container is stopped, still starting, or unreachable. | Run docker compose ps, inspect web-service logs, and verify that host Nginx can connect to 127.0.0.1:8280. Confirm the port in proxy_pass matches HTTP_PORT. |
| Redirects to HTTP or shows mixed content | The public URL is wrong or the original protocol is not forwarded. | Set TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH to the complete HTTPS URL and include proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;. Recreate the affected service after changing the environment file. |
| Subpath loads partly, but assets or API calls fail | The path differs between the environment variable, Nginx location, and upstream URI. | Use /tt-rss/ consistently, retain the trailing slash in the subpath proxy_pass, and use ^~ if another PHP regular-expression location is taking precedence. |
| Root URL returns the wrong site | The request is reaching a different Nginx server block or a broad default location. | Check server_name, DNS, the enabled-site symlink, and the output of sudo nginx -T. Ensure the TT-RSS location is inside the block serving the requested hostname. |
| Database resets after recreation | The database volume was removed, renamed, or never attached. | Inspect docker compose config, docker volume ls, and the database container mounts. Restore the latest verified dump if the original volume is gone. |
| Database container fails after an image change | A PostgreSQL major version changed without a migration. | Restore the previous image and volume if possible, then follow a supported dump/restore or major-upgrade procedure before trying again. |
| Certbot cannot validate the hostname | DNS is stale, port 80 is blocked, or Nginx is not serving the expected hostname. | Verify public DNS, firewall rules, the HTTP server block, and that no other service occupies port 80. Run sudo nginx -t before retrying. |
| Updater is not fetching feeds | The updater service is stopped, misconfigured, or unable to reach the network. | Check its container status and logs, confirm the database connection variables match the app service, and verify outbound DNS/HTTPS access from the VPS. |
Operational checklist
- Use a dedicated hostname or a deliberately configured subpath; record the exact public URL.
- Bind the published Compose port to
127.0.0.1. - Keep PostgreSQL, app, updater, and web services on the private Compose network.
- Store secrets only in a protected environment file or secret-management system.
- Allow public access only to Nginx on ports 80 and 443.
- Forward
Host, client address, andX-Forwarded-Protoheaders. - Use persistent volumes and maintain encrypted, off-host backups.
- Test a restore before a database or application upgrade.
- Review image and PostgreSQL version changes rather than applying them blindly.
- After every change, test the HTTPS URL, login, feed refresh, and an article link.
The Bottom Line
Run the current official TT-RSS Compose stack privately on the VPS, publish it only on a loopback port, and let Nginx provide the public HTTPS endpoint. Exact agreement between TTRSS_SELF_URL_PATH, the Nginx path, and forwarded HTTPS headers prevents most deployment failures; persistent PostgreSQL storage and tested backups protect the installation during updates.
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