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Self-hosting Supabase on a VPS means running the Supabase Docker stack on your own Linux server instead of using a hosted project. The supported path is to obtain the repository’s docker/ directory, create its .env file with your own secrets and public URLs, and start the services with sh run.sh start. A VPS with at least 4 GB RAM and 2 CPU cores is the documented minimum; 8 GB RAM and 4 cores is the recommended production-scale starting point.
What you need before installing
The self-hosted stack is a collection of containers, not a single Supabase binary. Your VPS must have enough CPU and memory for the database, API, authentication, storage, Studio and supporting services to run together. The official self-hosting guide lists these baseline resources:
| Use case | Memory | CPU | How to interpret it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum installation | 4 GB RAM | 2 CPU cores | Suitable for getting the stack running and for light workloads. |
| Production-scale recommendation | 8 GB RAM | 4 CPU cores | Provides more headroom for concurrent requests, database work and background services. |
These figures are Supabase’s stated minimum and recommendation. They are not capacity guarantees: traffic, database size, real-time subscriptions, file storage and enabled services can require more resources. No authoritative disk-size figure is specified in the guide, so choose a VPS disk large enough for Docker images, database growth, uploads, logs and backups rather than relying on a fixed minimum.
Software prerequisites
- Git to obtain the Supabase repository.
- Docker. On a Linux VPS, install Docker Engine with Docker Compose support. On a desktop or Mac used for a local trial, Docker Desktop supplies the required runtime.
- SSH access with permission to install packages, create files and run Docker commands.
- A DNS name or otherwise stable public address if clients will connect over the internet.
Use a supported Linux distribution for the VPS and keep the operating system updated. Create a separate non-root administrator account where possible, grant it Docker access according to your distribution’s security model, and reserve root for system administration.
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Choose the installation route
The official workflow offers two practical routes. Select one before changing configuration so you know which files and versioning method you are using.
| Route | What it does | Best for | Important trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linux quick-start script | Installs Docker when needed, generates secrets and asks for the URLs used by the deployment. | An administrator who wants an interactive first setup on Linux. | Less manual work, but you still need to review the generated configuration and record the selected version. |
| Manual repository setup | Clones the repository, enters docker/, copies the example environment file and edits it directly. |
Teams that want explicit configuration, repeatable provisioning or a controlled release tag. | You are responsible for Docker installation, secret creation, URL values and keeping the checked-out tag current. |
The manual instructions in the current guide show the tag self-hosted/v0.8.2. Release tags change, so treat that value as an example of the versioning mechanism: check the current Supabase self-hosting documentation and use the tag it presently specifies instead of assuming this tag remains current.
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Connect and update the operating system
Log in over SSH, apply the operating system’s security updates, and confirm that the server has the documented resources. Check memory and CPU with your distribution’s normal tools before downloading images; starting below the minimum can lead to containers being killed or never becoming healthy.
Install Docker and Compose
On Linux, install Docker Engine and the Compose component from the Docker documentation for your distribution. Confirm both are available before continuing:
docker --version
docker compose versionOn a local Mac or desktop test machine, use Docker Desktop instead. The commands used by the Supabase project are still Docker Compose commands, but the Docker daemon is supplied by Desktop rather than a Linux Engine package.
Plan DNS, ports and TLS
Decide which hostname will represent the API and dashboard before filling in .env. Point DNS records at the VPS only after you know the public URLs you will use. A reverse proxy that terminates HTTPS is a common production practice; it is not a substitute for correct Supabase URL configuration, and the exact proxy and certificate procedure depends on your chosen web server and certificate authority.
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Restrict the VPS firewall to the SSH port and the web ports exposed by your proxy. Do not expose database or internal service ports directly to the internet unless a specific integration requires it and you have an access-control plan.
Install with the Linux quick-start script
The quick-start route is intended for a Linux server. It automates several repetitive tasks, but read each prompt and review the resulting files before making the service public.
- Connect to the VPS as the administrator account that will run Docker.
- Obtain the official self-hosting quick-start script from the current Supabase documentation. Run it only after verifying that you are on the intended server and that you trust the downloaded content.
- Allow the script to install Docker if the VPS does not already have it.
- When prompted, provide the public URLs that your browser clients and API consumers will use. These values must match the DNS and reverse-proxy design you intend to deploy.
- Let the script generate secrets rather than retaining example or placeholder values.
- Change into the generated project’s
docker/directory, inspect.env, and confirm that the values are appropriate for the environment. - Start the services with
sh run.sh start, then verify the result withdocker compose ps.
Automation does not remove the need for change control. Save a protected copy of the final configuration without exposing secrets, record the Supabase release used, and document who can rotate credentials or restore the database.
Install manually from the repository
The manual route gives you a visible, version-controlled sequence and works on any operating system that can run Docker. The repository contains the self-hosting files; the deployment itself is performed from its docker/ directory.
- Install Git, Docker Engine plus Compose on Linux, or Docker Desktop on a desktop system.
- Clone the official Supabase repository using its current repository address.
- Check out the self-hosting release tag documented for the version you intend to run. The guide currently shows
self-hosted/v0.8.2; verify the live documentation before selecting it because tags are volatile. - Change into the repository’s
docker/directory. - Copy the supplied environment template:
cp .env.example .env- Open
.envin a text editor. Replace every placeholder secret with a strong, unique value and set the public URLs to the addresses clients will actually use. - Read
docker/CONFIG.mdwhile editing. It documents each environment variable and identifies whether it applies to the command-line tooling, self-hosting, or both. - Start the stack and wait for health checks:
sh run.sh startThe project documents this as equivalent to:
docker compose up -d --waitFinally, inspect service state:
docker compose psA manual setup is easier to reproduce when you keep the repository checkout, the selected tag and any local configuration changes in an administration record. Do not commit the populated .env file to a public Git repository.
Configure the environment file safely
Use the template as a checklist, not as production configuration
The example file shows the variables expected by the release, but example values are not safe credentials. The official analytics reference specifically warns against starting the stack with placeholder values from .env.example. Replace them before the first public deployment, including values that appear to work during a local test.
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Configuration names are case-sensitive. A spelling or capitalization error can leave a service using a default, prevent a container from starting or make one service disagree with another. Work through docker/CONFIG.md for the exact release you checked out instead of copying a variable list from an older blog post. The set of variables changes between releases, and third-party lists can omit newer settings.
Secrets and URLs
Generate independent, high-entropy values for the database credential, signing material, dashboard access and encryption settings required by your release. Keep them in a password manager or another restricted secret store. Never send them in support tickets, paste them into shell history or reuse a development secret in production.
Set the public site, API and any other externally visible URL values to the canonical HTTPS addresses users will enter. If a reverse proxy changes the external scheme or hostname, the values in .env must describe the external address, not an internal container name. Changing signing or encryption material after users and tokens exist can invalidate sessions or make encrypted data inaccessible, so plan rotations as a controlled migration.
Rootless Docker requirement
If Docker is running in rootless mode, set DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION in .env. The official guidance notes that the Vector container exits without this setting in a rootless installation. Use the socket path for the Docker user that actually runs the Compose project, then restart the stack and check container status.
Start, inspect and stop the stack
Start and wait for health
Run the command from the project’s docker/ directory:
sh run.sh startThis starts the containers in the background and waits for the Compose health conditions. The equivalent Compose command is docker compose up -d --wait. The first run can take longer because Docker must download images and create networks and volumes.
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Check service state
docker compose psLook for services that are running and healthy. A container that is restarting, exited or missing health information needs attention before you put traffic through the proxy. To investigate a specific service, use the standard Compose log command from the same directory:
docker compose logs --tail=200 SERVICE_NAMEReplace SERVICE_NAME with the service shown by docker compose ps. Avoid posting logs publicly until you have removed tokens, credentials, email addresses and user data.
Stop without deleting data
When you need a maintenance window, stop the project from its directory with the project’s normal Compose controls. Do not remove volumes simply to clear an error: volumes hold database and storage data. Treat any command that includes volume deletion as a destructive operation and take a tested backup first.
Enable Logs & Analytics only when you need them
Logs & Analytics are disabled by default to conserve memory. The optional configuration adds Logflare and Vector and enables Log Explorer in Studio. On a server close to the 4 GB minimum, leave analytics disabled until you have confirmed that the core stack is stable and that the VPS has capacity for the extra containers.
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From the docker/ directory, enable the feature and restart:
sh run.sh config add logs
sh run.sh startThen run docker compose ps again and verify the additional services become healthy. If the Vector container exits on a rootless Docker installation, correct DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION before troubleshooting the analytics configuration itself. Analytics increases observability, but it also increases memory use and the amount of log data you must protect and retain.
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Put the deployment behind a production network boundary
A direct container endpoint may be useful for a short private test, but an internet-facing deployment normally uses a reverse proxy for TLS termination, hostname routing, request limits and controlled exposure. The proxy should forward only the public Supabase endpoints you intend to offer and keep internal container networks private.
- Use HTTPS certificates and redirect plain HTTP where appropriate.
- Allow administrative Studio access only from trusted networks, through VPN, or behind an additional identity layer.
- Keep SSH restricted by firewall rules and key-based authentication.
- Expose no database port to the public internet unless there is a documented requirement.
- Set DNS records and Supabase public URL variables consistently so browser origin checks, redirects and email links point to the same canonical host.
The exact proxy syntax and certificate commands are outside the Supabase Compose stack and vary by proxy, Linux distribution and certificate provider. Follow the documentation for the proxy you select, then test HTTP status codes, WebSocket or real-time connections, authentication redirects and large file uploads through the public hostname.
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Back up before changing containers
Self-hosting makes you responsible for the database, uploaded objects, configuration and secrets. Establish a backup schedule before accepting important data. Store backups outside the VPS, restrict access to them and perform restoration tests on a separate environment. A snapshot of only the VPS disk is not a substitute for a database-aware backup if your provider’s snapshots are not guaranteed to be consistent.
Upgrade deliberately
Do not update images or switch release tags blindly. Read the release notes and the current self-hosting guide, compare the new .env.example and docker/CONFIG.md with your existing configuration, and identify added, renamed or removed variables. Back up data and record the currently working tag. Test the new tag on a staging VPS when the service is important, then deploy during a maintenance window and check health, authentication, database migrations, storage and real-time behavior.
The manual route’s pinned tag makes this process explicit: you know which files are running and can roll back to the previous checkout if the new release fails, provided the data migrations are reversible or you have a restore plan. Keep the tag current rather than leaving a documented example such as self-hosted/v0.8.2 in production indefinitely.
Monitor capacity
Watch memory pressure, CPU saturation, disk consumption, container restarts, database growth and backup success. The 8 GB/4-core recommendation is a production starting point, not a fixed ceiling. If analytics, large uploads or sustained real-time traffic push the VPS into swap or repeated restarts, resize the server or separate workloads instead of repeatedly restarting containers.
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| Symptom | Likely area | Action |
|---|---|---|
| The start command fails immediately. | Docker, Compose, permissions or wrong directory. | Run docker --version and docker compose version, confirm you are in docker/, and verify the account can access the Docker socket. |
| Containers restart or remain unhealthy. | Insufficient resources, invalid environment values or a dependent service still starting. | Check docker compose ps, inspect the affected service’s logs, verify .env against CONFIG.md, and confirm the VPS meets at least 4 GB RAM and 2 cores. |
| Vector exits only with rootless Docker. | Missing Docker socket location. | Set DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION to the rootless daemon socket in .env, then run sh run.sh start again. |
| Studio or API links use the wrong host or scheme. | Public URL values do not match DNS or the reverse proxy. | Correct the canonical external URLs in .env, reload the stack and retest through the public hostname. |
| Analytics services consume too much memory. | Logflare and Vector are enabled on a small VPS. | Disable optional logs until the core services are stable or resize the VPS; do not treat analytics as mandatory for the base stack. |
| A deployment works with the template but is rejected or unsafe in production. | Placeholder secrets remain. | Replace every example value with unique secrets, review the configuration, and restart. The example file is a reference, not a production secret set. |
A go-live checklist
- The VPS has at least 4 GB RAM and 2 CPU cores; production-scale workloads have been sized toward 8 GB and 4 cores or higher.
- Git and Docker with Compose are installed and tested.
- The intended Supabase release tag is recorded and is not an unverified old example.
- The project was started from the repository’s
docker/directory. .envwas created from.env.exampleand reviewed against the matchingdocker/CONFIG.md.- All placeholder secrets were replaced with unique protected values.
- Public URLs, DNS and the reverse proxy agree on hostnames and HTTPS.
- Rootless Docker deployments define
DOCKER_SOCKET_LOCATION. docker compose psshows healthy services after startup and after a reboot test.- Backups, restoration tests, upgrade ownership and secret-rotation procedures are documented.
- Logs & Analytics are enabled only if the VPS has capacity and the additional data is covered by your retention and access policies.
Following this sequence keeps the supported deployment path visible: obtain the official Docker files, configure the release-specific environment, start with sh run.sh start, and verify health before exposing the services. The operational work afterward—network protection, backups, upgrades and capacity planning—is what turns a successful Compose launch into a dependable self-hosted Supabase installation.
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