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To self-host Redmine on Ubuntu, first pin a Redmine release and its supported Ruby and database versions, then install the application with Bundler, configure config/database.yml, generate the Rails secret, and verify a local production boot. After that, place Redmine behind a TLS-enabled web server and add Gmail SMTP settings to config/configuration.yml. Gmail uses smtp.gmail.com on port 587 with STARTTLS; Google Workspace organizations may instead use smtp-relay.gmail.com when their relay policy allows it.
The order matters. A Ruby or database mismatch can prevent Redmine from starting, while an SMTP error is much easier to isolate after the application itself works at http://localhost:3000/.
Choose the Redmine, Ubuntu, Ruby and database combination first
The current Redmine installation documentation covers Redmine 6.0 and higher. Treat that release scope as a compatibility contract rather than copying commands from an older Ubuntu tutorial. Before installing packages, write down the exact values you will deploy.
| Decision | What to record | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Redmine release | Exact 6.x release, or another release you have deliberately selected | The release determines supported Ruby, Rails and database combinations. |
| Ubuntu release | Server version and architecture | Available Ruby, compiler and database packages vary by Ubuntu release. |
| Ruby | Version listed as supported for the selected Redmine release | Bundler dependencies and Rails may fail with an unsupported interpreter. |
| Database | PostgreSQL or MySQL version and adapter | The adapter gem is selected from config/database.yml; version compatibility is release-specific. |
| Web serving | Puma behind a reverse proxy, or an existing Apache/Passenger design | This determines how you expose Redmine, terminate TLS and restart it. |
Do not assume that the newest Ruby or database available in Ubuntu is automatically correct. Check the support table for your chosen Redmine release, install that combination, and keep the recorded versions with your deployment notes. If you later upgrade Redmine, recheck all four components before running Bundler.
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Decide between a source deployment and an Ubuntu package
| Approach | Strengths | Risks and limits |
|---|---|---|
| Manual source install | Current release control, explicit Ruby and database choices, and a layout you can reproduce with automation. | You own upgrades, dependency installation, service files, backups and security updates. |
| Ubuntu package | Package-managed files, integration with distribution services and less initial compilation work. | Package versions can lag Redmine releases. Older guides often use paths such as /usr/share/redmine, /etc/redmine and Apache Passenger settings that do not map directly to a current source release. |
For a new Redmine 6 deployment, a source install following the current Redmine guide is usually the clearer baseline. A package installation can still be appropriate where your organization already standardizes on distribution packages, but reconcile its paths, service user and supported versions with the release documentation before changing configuration.
Prepare the Ubuntu server
Create a dedicated runtime identity
Run Redmine as a dedicated, non-login service account rather than as root. Create an application directory owned by that account, and keep database credentials and SMTP secrets readable only by the account and administrators. The exact username and paths are your operational choices; use them consistently in the service definition, file ownership and backup jobs.
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Install build and runtime prerequisites
Update Ubuntu and install the compiler, development headers, database client libraries and JavaScript/runtime components required by the Ruby gems selected for your release. The package names differ between Ubuntu releases and database engines, so use the packages appropriate to your recorded compatibility matrix. Confirm that the resulting ruby command reports the supported version before installing Redmine.
sudo apt update
ruby --version
bundler --versionIf Ruby is missing or the version is wrong, stop here and correct it with an Ubuntu package, an approved Ruby version manager or your organization’s build process. Do not try to force Bundler through a failed dependency resolution; the error is usually a version mismatch, missing development library or stale package selection.
Install Redmine with Bundler
Place the selected release
Obtain the source archive or repository checkout for the exact release you recorded. Keep the release immutable after deployment; perform upgrades by staging a new release directory and switching the service only after migrations and tests succeed. In the commands below, /srv/redmine is an example path, not a required package location.
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sudo mkdir -p /srv/redmine
sudo chown redmine:redmine /srv/redmine
sudo -u redmine -H bash
cd /srv/redmineExtract or check out Redmine into that directory, then confirm that files such as Gemfile, bin/rails, config/database.yml.example and config/configuration.yml.example are present. Copy example configuration files to their production names without committing credentials to source control.
Install only production dependencies
Redmine uses Bundler to resolve Rails and adapter gems. Configure the local bundle to omit development and test groups, then install the production set.
bundle config set without 'development test'
bundle installRun Bundler as the same account that will run Redmine. If installation fails, inspect the first missing library or incompatible Ruby message, correct the host, and rerun the command. Avoid mixing gems installed globally by root with gems installed for the application user.
Generate the Rails secret and set writable directories
Generate the session secret before the first production boot:
bundle exec rake generate_secret_tokenThe runtime user must be able to write Redmine’s files, log, tmp and public/assets directories. Set ownership and restrictive modes from an administrator account, then verify by creating a harmless test file as the runtime user.
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sudo chown -R redmine:redmine /srv/redmine/files /srv/redmine/log /srv/redmine/tmp /srv/redmine/public/assets
sudo chmod -R u+rwX,go-rwx /srv/redmine/files /srv/redmine/log /srv/redmine/tmp /srv/redmine/public/assets
sudo -u redmine -H sh -c 'touch /srv/redmine/tmp/write-test && rm /srv/redmine/tmp/write-test'Uploads, generated assets and logs should remain writable after every release switch. If a deployment tool resets ownership, make the ownership check part of the deployment instead of granting broad permissions.
Create the database and configure config/database.yml
Use a least-privilege database account
Create a database dedicated to Redmine and a user that can connect to it and perform the migrations required by your deployment. Do not use the database administrator account in production. Keep the password in a protected secret store or a file readable only by the Redmine runtime user.
Configure the production section in config/database.yml. The adapter named there tells Bundler which database gem Redmine needs, so the database choice must be made before running the final dependency installation.
production:
adapter: postgresql
database: redmine_production
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5432
username: redmine
password: 'database-secret'
encoding: utf8The keys and values must match the database engine and the supported Redmine release. For MySQL, use the MySQL adapter and connection details appropriate to your server. Redmine 5.1.1 and later requires READ-COMMITTED transaction isolation for MySQL deployments; set that at the database/server level as described by the Redmine installation guide and verify it before running migrations.
Check connectivity before debugging Rails
Test a login with the native database client using the same host, port, database, username and password that appear in database.yml. A failed client login is a database or network problem, not a Redmine problem. Also check that the database service starts automatically after reboot and that its firewall rules allow only the application host or local socket as intended.
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Run the production smoke test locally
Do not expose a half-configured application to the Internet. From the Redmine directory, start the production Rails server as the runtime user:
ruby bin/rails server -e productionOn the server, open http://localhost:3000/ with a text browser, an SSH tunnel or a local browser. You should see the Redmine welcome page. If the process exits, read the first stack trace and correct the indicated Ruby, gem, database or permissions issue before adding a reverse proxy.
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Publish Redmine behind a web server and TLS
For production, terminate HTTPS at a properly configured web server or load balancer and proxy requests to the Redmine application process. Restrict the application listener to localhost or a private interface, set the correct forwarded-protocol headers, and enforce secure cookies and redirects at the edge. Obtain and renew a certificate using the process already approved for your Ubuntu environment.
Puma behind a reverse proxy
Puma is a practical deployment model when you want Redmine’s application process separated from the public web server. Create a service that starts the production application as the Redmine user, uses the intended working directory and environment, writes logs to controlled locations and restarts on failure. Configure the proxy’s upstream to the local Puma socket or port, set request timeouts suitable for attachments and exports, and verify that uploads are not blocked by an overly small body-size limit.
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Apache and Passenger as a legacy pattern
Older Ubuntu HowTo material describes Apache Passenger, an application path under /usr/share/redmine, configuration under /etc/redmine, a symlink to the public directory and Apache restarts. Those instructions target older Ubuntu and Redmine branches. Use them only when maintaining an existing package-based system, and reconcile every path, Passenger version, service user and restart command with your selected current Redmine release.
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Direct Gmail or Google account SMTP
Put SMTP settings in config/configuration.yml, inside the production section. Do not put them in environment.rb. The following is a template; replace the account name and secret with credentials authorized by your organization.
production:
delivery_method: :smtp
smtp_settings:
enable_starttls_auto: true
address: 'smtp.gmail.com'
port: 587
domain: 'smtp.gmail.com'
authentication: :plain
user_name: 'your_email@gmail.com'
password: 'your_password'Port 587 expects STARTTLS. Keep enable_starttls_auto: true, use plain authentication as shown, and ensure outbound TCP 587 is allowed by the server’s firewall and hosting network. The Gmail or Google Workspace account must be permitted to send as the address configured in Redmine’s notification settings. Store the password in your deployment’s secret-management system where possible, protect the configuration file from other users, and never paste a real credential into a ticket or public repository.
Google Workspace SMTP relay
Organizations that centrally manage outbound mail can use smtp-relay.gmail.com on port 587 instead of authenticating directly as an individual mailbox. Relay requires an administrator-defined policy covering the sending IP or authentication method, permitted sender addresses and TLS requirements. Confirm that Redmine’s From address is allowed by that policy. The relay option is intended for organizational sending and has larger sending limits than the account-level approach, but it is not plug-and-play: a policy mismatch produces SMTP rejection even when the Redmine YAML is syntactically correct.
| Choice | Use when | Configuration responsibility |
|---|---|---|
smtp.gmail.com |
A specific Gmail or Workspace account should authenticate and send Redmine mail. | Account credentials, sender authorization and account security controls. |
smtp-relay.gmail.com |
Your Workspace administrators operate a domain relay or Redmine sends higher-volume notifications. | Relay policy, allowed source, sender permissions, authentication and TLS enforcement. |
Restart after every configuration change
Redmine reads SMTP settings when the application starts. Stop the test process or restart the production service after editing config/configuration.yml; otherwise workers may continue using the old settings. Treat the restart as mandatory, not optional.
Send and verify a notification
- Confirm the production database is reachable and the application boots locally.
- Set the Redmine administrator email and the desired From address in the Redmine administration settings.
- Save
config/configuration.ymlwith the SMTP host, port, STARTTLS, authentication mode and authorized sender. - Restart the Redmine service.
- Trigger a small test notification, such as adding a watcher to a test issue, and check both the recipient mailbox and Redmine’s production log.
- If the message is rejected, record the exact SMTP response before changing multiple settings. It identifies whether the failure is TLS, authentication, policy or sender authorization.
Use a test recipient you control and avoid generating a large notification burst while validating relay limits. Confirm that links in the message use your HTTPS hostname rather than localhost; that setting is separate from SMTP and belongs in the appropriate Redmine host and protocol configuration.
Troubleshoot by symptom
| Symptom | Checks | Corrective action |
|---|---|---|
| Redmine will not boot | Ruby version, selected Redmine release, Bundler output, missing native libraries and file ownership. | Install a supported Ruby, rerun production Bundler, install the missing system dependency and restore write access to files, log, tmp and public/assets. |
| Database connection or migration error | Native client login, adapter in database.yml, database name, credentials and server logs. |
Correct the connection values. For MySQL on Redmine 5.1.1 or later, verify READ-COMMITTED isolation. |
| Welcome page works but no email arrives | Production section, exact SMTP hostname, port 587, STARTTLS, authentication, sender authorization, outbound firewall and restart status. | Fix one setting at a time, restart Redmine, send a single test notification and inspect the SMTP response in the production log. |
| SMTP authentication is rejected | Account name, secret, account security policy and whether the account is authorized to send as the configured From address. | Use an approved credential or switch to a Workspace relay policy that explicitly permits the server and sender. |
| Relay rejects the message | Workspace relay rules for source IP or authentication, allowed senders and required TLS. | Ask the Workspace administrator to align the relay policy with the Redmine host and From address; changing only the Redmine password will not fix a policy rejection. |
| Package install has permission or Passenger errors | Legacy application path, public-directory symlink, Apache user and Passenger settings. | Correct the package deployment’s ownership and web-server integration, or migrate deliberately to a current source-based release rather than mixing old paths with new files. |
Always perform the local Puma or Rails smoke test before investigating DNS, TLS certificates or reverse-proxy headers. That sequence separates application failures from edge-network failures and shortens diagnosis.
Quick Recap
Secure and maintain the deployment
- Keep Redmine, Ruby gems, Ubuntu packages and the database engine within their supported maintenance windows.
- Back up the database and the Redmine
filesdirectory; attachments are not recoverable from the database alone. - Restrict SSH, database and application ports with the Ubuntu firewall and your provider’s network controls.
- Protect
config/database.ymlandconfig/configuration.yml; both can contain credentials. - Rotate database and SMTP credentials through your secret-management process, then restart Redmine and verify a notification.
- Monitor disk space, log growth, failed jobs and certificate renewal.
- Test a restore on a separate host before relying on the backup.
- Stage Redmine upgrades, run migrations during a maintenance window and retain the previous release for rollback until the new version passes login, attachment and email tests.
A practical deployment checklist
- Record the exact Redmine, Ubuntu, Ruby and database versions and verify they are supported together.
- Create the dedicated Redmine service account, application directory and least-privilege database account.
- Configure
config/database.ymland test database connectivity with the native client. - Set Bundler to omit development and test groups, then run
bundle install. - Run
bundle exec rake generate_secret_token. - Set runtime ownership and write access for
files,log,tmpandpublic/assets. - Boot with
ruby bin/rails server -e productionand verifyhttp://localhost:3000/. - Change the default
admin/adminpassword immediately. - Publish through a TLS-enabled reverse proxy or a deliberately maintained Apache/Passenger deployment.
- Add Gmail SMTP or Workspace relay settings to
config/configuration.yml, protect the secret and restart Redmine. - Send one controlled notification, inspect the production log and document the working configuration.
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