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Self-hosting OpenArchiver on a VPS is a Docker Compose deployment. You need a server with Docker Engine, Docker Compose, Git, persistent storage, and enough memory for the application stack. The documented baseline is at least 4 GB of RAM; 2 GB can work only when PostgreSQL, Redis or Valkey, and Meilisearch are provided as external services.
The reliable order is: prepare the VPS, clone the OpenArchiver repository, create and secure .env, configure persistent storage, start the Compose stack, create the administrator at /setup, then connect mail sources. Do not publish the instance before replacing placeholder secrets and confirming that archive data and the database are included in your backup plan.
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OpenArchiver is deployed as a group of cooperating services rather than a single binary. The project describes a SvelteKit frontend, a Node.js/Express/TypeScript backend, BullMQ jobs running on Redis-compatible infrastructure, Meilisearch for full-text search, PostgreSQL for application data, and Docker Compose to coordinate the containers. The source repository is https://github.com/LogicLabs-OU/OpenArchiver.git.
That architecture explains the main installation requirements. The web interface, API, queue workers, database, search index, and storage layer all need to be available at the same time. A VPS that can run a small website may still be undersized if it must index a large mailbox archive or process many attachments.
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VPS requirements and sizing
Memory baseline
The Open Archiver installation guide specifies 4 GB of RAM or more for the normal bundled deployment. It also states that 2 GB of RAM may be sufficient when PostgreSQL, Redis or Valkey, and Meilisearch are external services. Treat those figures as installation baselines, not a production capacity formula.
| Deployment situation | Documented memory guidance | What can change the requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Docker Compose stack with the usual bundled services | At least 4 GB RAM | Mailbox count, attachment volume, indexing concurrency, retention, and backup jobs |
| PostgreSQL, Redis/Valkey, and Meilisearch hosted externally | 2 GB RAM can be sufficient | Network latency, provider limits, search workload, and the size of the external plans |
CPU, disk, and bandwidth
No single CPU, disk, or bandwidth number is published as a universal recommendation. Size those resources around your workload:
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- Disk: account for the original email files, attachments, PostgreSQL data, Meilisearch indexes, Docker images, logs, and backup staging space. Retention rules determine how quickly the archive grows.
- Bandwidth: imports, remote S3-compatible storage, backups, and users downloading attachments can all consume transfer capacity.
- Reliability: choose a VPS with storage and uptime characteristics appropriate for an archive. OpenArchiver is not a substitute for an independent backup.
Start with the documented memory baseline, then monitor actual CPU, memory, disk usage, and queue behavior after connecting your first sources. Increase resources before the host begins swapping or the filesystem approaches capacity.
Choose a deployment and storage layout
Before running Compose, decide where services and archive files will live. These choices affect administration and recovery.
| Decision | Option 1 | Option 2 | Practical effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core services | Bundled PostgreSQL, Redis/Valkey, and Meilisearch in Compose | Those services managed externally | Bundling is simpler; external services can reduce VPS memory needs to the documented 2 GB case but add network and provider dependencies. |
| Archive storage | Local filesystem | S3-compatible storage | Local storage is straightforward on one VPS; S3-compatible storage separates archive capacity from the server and requires endpoint and credential configuration. |
| Host visibility | Named Docker volume | Bind mount to a host directory | A named volume is Compose-friendly; a bind mount makes files visible at a path you manage directly. |
The default Compose setup uses local filesystem storage. If you prefer a directly visible host path, the installation guide describes changing the Compose configuration to a bind mount. Whichever layout you select, document it so a future restore does not omit the archive.
Prerequisites on the VPS
Install the following before cloning OpenArchiver:
- Docker Engine
- Docker Compose support (the
docker composecommand) - Git
- A server or local machine meeting the memory baseline
Use your operating system’s supported installation instructions for Docker Engine, Compose, and Git. Confirm that the commands resolve before continuing:
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git --versionThe account that will run Compose must be able to communicate with the Docker daemon. If your VPS uses a firewall or reverse proxy, plan the public URL and TLS arrangement before creating the application configuration. The OpenArchiver settings must use the same public URL that users will actually visit.
Install OpenArchiver with Docker Compose
1. Clone the repository
From the directory where you keep application projects, clone the repository and enter it:
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git clone https://github.com/LogicLabs-OU/OpenArchiver.git
cd OpenArchiverKeep this project directory. You will return to it for upgrades and for any Compose or environment-file changes.
2. Create the environment file
Copy the example environment file before editing values:
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cp .env.example .envDo not commit the resulting .env file to a public repository. It contains database credentials, encryption material, and the URL settings used by the running services.
3. Prepare local storage when using the filesystem backend
The installation guide gives /var/data/open-archiver as an example directory. Create the path and assign ownership or permissions that allow the OpenArchiver containers to write to it:
sudo mkdir -p /var/data/open-archiver
# Set ownership according to the UID/GID used by your OpenArchiver containers.
# Verify that the application user can create and read files there.The exact ownership command depends on the container user in the Compose configuration. Do not blindly make the directory world-writable; identify the service user and grant only the required access.
4. Configure the public URL and service settings
Edit .env and replace the example values. The documented defaults use port 3000 for the frontend and 4000 for the backend. Set APP_URL and ORIGIN to the public URL users will open, including the correct scheme and hostname. A mismatch can cause redirects, cookies, or callback requests to point at the wrong address.
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5. Replace every production secret
Do not leave placeholder credentials in a publicly reachable deployment. The guide specifically calls out these values:
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POSTGRES_PASSWORDREDIS_PASSWORDMEILI_MASTER_KEYJWT_SECRETENCRYPTION_KEY, which should be a 32-byte hexadecimal value
Generate the encryption key with OpenSSL:
openssl rand -hex 32Store generated secrets in a password manager or another protected system. Keep them available for disaster recovery: changing encryption material later can make previously encrypted data unreadable. STORAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY is optional but recommended when you want email and attachment files encrypted at rest.
Start the Compose stack
After checking the URL, storage, credentials, and secrets, start the services in detached mode:
docker compose up -dCompose pulls the required images, starts the frontend, backend, database, and supporting services, and creates persistent volumes. Watch the initial startup instead of assuming that a successful command return means every service is ready:
docker compose ps
docker compose logs --tail=200Look for containers that repeatedly restart, database connection errors, invalid environment values, or permission failures in the storage path. If you change .env, recreate the affected containers so they receive the new values:
docker compose up -dKeep the application directory and the Docker volume or bind-mounted archive path on your backup list. A VPS snapshot alone is not a tested application backup unless it captures consistent database and archive data.
Complete the first login and administrator setup
When the containers are healthy, open the configured public URL. The documented default frontend interface is on port 3000. On the first browser visit, OpenArchiver redirects to /setup so you can create the administrator account.
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- Open the public URL in a browser.
- Confirm that the address ends at
/setupon an uninitialized installation. - Create the administrator account with a unique, strong password.
- Sign in and verify that the dashboard loads before inviting other users or connecting production mailboxes.
Complete this step before sharing the URL. If the browser does not reach the setup page, check the frontend container status, the port mapping, the public URL values, and any proxy or firewall rule in front of the VPS.
Connect mail and file sources
Ingestion is configured after deployment and administrator creation. The official documentation lists these source types:
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- Google Workspace
- Microsoft 365
- Generic IMAP
- PST import
- EML import
Choose a source and complete its authentication or import flow from the logged-in interface. OpenArchiver provides full-text indexing across messages and attachments, so the first import can create substantial CPU, memory, disk, and queue activity. Start with a representative mailbox or a controlled batch, confirm that messages and attachments are searchable, and then scale up.
For every connected source, record the account or tenant, the import date, any retention requirement, and whether the original mailbox remains authoritative. Those records help you distinguish a failed ingestion from an intentionally excluded message during later audits.
Understand persistent data before changing Compose
OpenArchiver can keep archive data in a named Docker volume or in a host bind mount. Inspect the named volume before planning a migration:
docker volume ls
docker volume inspect archiver-dataThe volume name can differ if the Compose project name has been customized, so use the actual name shown by Docker. A named volume is stored and managed by Docker; its contents are not automatically visible in an arbitrary host directory.
A bind mount is useful when you need direct host-level visibility, a storage filesystem mounted at a known path, or a backup agent that reads a normal directory. Change the Compose file as documented for the project, stop or recreate services carefully, and verify that the application points at the same data before deleting the old volume. Never remove the original volume until you have confirmed that the replacement contains the archive and that the application can read it.
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Back up the database, archive, and search data
A useful backup design covers more than the Docker project directory. Include:
- PostgreSQL data and its credentials or restore procedure
- The local archive directory or the S3-compatible bucket contents
- Any storage encryption key required to decrypt files
- Compose files and the non-secret configuration needed to rebuild the stack
- Search data when your recovery objective requires fast index restoration; otherwise document how it will be rebuilt
The community openarchiver-backup project documents an optional Restic Docker Compose sidecar. It can target S3, SFTP or a Hetzner Storage Box, or local disk, and requires the OpenArchiver project directory, storage path, and database or search volume names. It is a community tool, not an official OpenArchiver component. Treat it as an example that still needs review, access-control checks, retention design, and a restore test.
Test a restore on a separate environment. A backup that has never produced a working administrator login, readable message, and downloadable attachment is only an assumption of recoverability.
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Upgrade OpenArchiver safely
The documented update sequence is:
git pull
docker compose pull
docker compose up -dRun these commands from the OpenArchiver project directory. The first updates the checked-out configuration and application files, the second downloads newer images, and the third recreates services as needed. Database migrations are applied automatically when the application starts.
Before upgrading, read the release notes, confirm that a tested database and archive backup exists, and make sure you can restore the previous configuration. Afterward, run docker compose ps, inspect logs, sign in, search for a known message, and verify that a known attachment opens. If the new containers repeatedly restart, stop exposing the service publicly while you investigate the logs and release-specific requirements.
Troubleshoot common deployment failures
The stack starts but a container keeps restarting
Run docker compose ps and then inspect the affected service with docker compose logs --tail=200 <service-name>. Common causes include a typo in .env, a missing required secret, an unreachable external database or Redis-compatible service, and a filesystem permission error.
The browser cannot open the application
Confirm that the frontend container is running and that the VPS firewall, provider firewall, and any reverse proxy forward the configured frontend port. Verify that APP_URL and ORIGIN use the same public scheme and hostname that appear in the browser.
The setup page is not shown
Use the configured public URL and check whether the request is reaching the frontend container rather than a default web server. If the database already contains initialization state, the instance may no longer be considered new. Review logs before deleting data; removing volumes can destroy the archive.
Imports fail or search results are incomplete
Check queue-worker, Redis or Valkey, PostgreSQL, and Meilisearch logs. Verify that the storage path is writable and has free space. Large imports can create temporary resource pressure, so monitor memory, CPU, disk, and queue depth while processing a smaller batch.
Files disappear after a restart
This usually indicates that archive data was written to an ephemeral container layer or to a different volume than expected. Confirm STORAGE_LOCAL_ROOT_PATH, inspect the Compose volume mapping, and verify the actual volume with docker volume inspect. Do not run cleanup commands until you know which path contains the live archive.
Production security checklist
- Replace every example password, token, and key before exposing the VPS.
- Use a strong administrator password and restrict administrative access to the people who need it.
- Keep Docker, the host operating system, and OpenArchiver images updated.
- Expose only the web entry point required by your network design; keep databases and queue services off the public internet.
- Use HTTPS through a properly configured proxy or load balancer when the instance is accessed outside a trusted private network.
- Protect
.env, backups, storage credentials, and encryption keys with restrictive permissions. - Monitor disk capacity and memory so indexing does not fill the filesystem or force the VPS into swap.
- Schedule backups and perform restore tests, including decryption of stored attachments.
- Document whether data is in
archiver-data, another named volume, a bind mount, or an S3-compatible bucket.
Self-hosted open-source edition versus Enterprise
The self-hosted open-source edition is free according to the official pricing information. Enterprise is a separate commercial, per-seat edition with additional compliance and governance features. Select the edition based on required controls, support, and licensing rather than assuming that Enterprise capabilities are present in the Compose deployment described here.
Quick Recap
Operational checklist
- Confirm Docker Engine, Docker Compose, Git, and at least 4 GB RAM for the bundled deployment.
- Clone the repository and create
.env. - Choose local filesystem or S3-compatible storage and document the choice.
- Prepare the local storage path or S3 bucket settings.
- Set the public URL,
APP_URL,ORIGIN, and documented ports. - Replace database, Redis/Valkey, search, JWT, and encryption placeholders.
- Run
docker compose up -dand check container health and logs. - Visit the public URL, complete
/setup, and secure the administrator account. - Connect a mail or import source and validate message, attachment, and search behavior.
- Back up the database, archive storage, configuration, and encryption material; test a restore.
- For updates, run
git pull,docker compose pull, anddocker compose up -dafter reviewing release notes.
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