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Put Nginx in front of the Concourse web node as the public HTTPS endpoint. Nginx terminates TLS on port 443, Concourse advertises the same HTTPS address through CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL, and a separate /hijack location passes WebSocket upgrade headers required by fly intercept. This arrangement fixes login redirects, protects browser and API traffic, and keeps interactive task sessions working.
What the finished setup looks like
Clients connect to https://ci.example.com. DNS resolves that name to the Nginx host. Nginx presents the certificate, handles the TLS session, and proxies requests over an internal network to the Concourse web process, commonly on port 8080. The Concourse web node continues to serve the UI and API and perform scheduling; workers execute jobs and PostgreSQL stores Concourse state.
The web node can listen on plain HTTP internally when the network between Nginx and Concourse is trusted and isolated. TLS is still used for every public connection. If policy requires encryption on the internal hop, Nginx can proxy to an HTTPS upstream instead, but the proxy TLS settings and upstream certificate verification must then be configured for that environment.
Traffic that needs special handling
- Normal browser, API, and login requests use the ordinary
location /proxy. fly interceptopens an upgraded connection ending in/hijack. Nginx must forward the client’sUpgradeandConnectionheaders or the session will fail even when the dashboard loads.- Redirects and generated links depend on Concourse knowing the public scheme and host. Those values come from
CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URLand the forwarded headers.
Prerequisites and design decisions
Use a stable public DNS name
Create a name such as ci.example.com and point its DNS record at the Nginx address. The certificate’s hostname must match the name users enter, including any subdomain. Do not expose an address that differs from the name in the certificate or from the URL configured in Concourse.
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Prepare a complete certificate chain
Place the leaf certificate followed by its intermediate certificates in the PEM file referenced by ssl_certificate. Keep the private key readable by the Nginx master process while denying access to untrusted users. A browser may report an incomplete chain when the leaf certificate is valid but the intermediate certificates are missing.
Choose where TLS terminates
| Topology | TLS endpoint | Certificate storage and renewal | Operational consequences |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Concourse web node behind Nginx | Nginx on port 443 | Managed on the Nginx host; reload Nginx after renewal | Simplest arrangement; the internal web hop can remain HTTP on a protected network |
| Several web nodes behind a proxy or load balancer | Public load balancer or Nginx layer | Renewal occurs at the public TLS layer | All web nodes use the same PostgreSQL database; the public URL belongs to the proxy layer |
| Concourse-managed ACME certificate | Concourse web process | Concourse stores the certificate and key in its database | Requires ACME reachability to the web node; database encryption is imperative |
When Nginx is already the public endpoint, Nginx-managed certificates normally avoid duplicating TLS termination. Concourse’s own Let’s Encrypt mode is an alternative, not a requirement; use it only when its exposure and database-protection requirements fit your deployment.
Set Concourse’s public URL first
Set the web node’s environment variable to the exact externally reachable HTTPS address:
CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL=https://ci.example.comApply the variable using the mechanism that starts your Concourse web process (service environment, container environment, or your deployment manifest), then restart or redeploy that process as required by your installation. The value is not the internal upstream address. Concourse uses it when constructing links and authentication redirects, so a missing scheme, an HTTP value, an incorrect hostname, or a port that users do not type can produce wrong redirects or redirect loops.
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If you later move the public endpoint, change this variable and the Nginx server_name together. Verify that DNS, the certificate, and the URL all describe the same host before testing login.
Install the Nginx HTTPS server block
The following pattern assumes Nginx terminates TLS and the Concourse web node is reachable as concourse.local:8080. Replace that upstream name with the private address or internal DNS name used by your installation.
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name ci.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/ci.example.com/fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/ci.example.com/privkey.pem;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000" always;
location / {
proxy_pass http://concourse.local:8080/;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
}
location ~ /hijack$ {
proxy_pass http://concourse.local:8080;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
}
}What each TLS directive does
listen 443 sslmakes this server block the HTTPS listener.server_nameselects the hostname and must agree with DNS and the certificate.ssl_certificatepoints to the chain file;ssl_certificate_keypoints to the protected private key.ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3limits negotiation to the protocol versions shown in the current Nginx example. Keep these values compatible with the Nginx and OpenSSL versions installed on the host.- The HSTS header tells capable browsers to use HTTPS for the stated lifetime. Add it only after HTTPS is working reliably for every path and subdomain you intend to protect; an HSTS policy can make later HTTP testing inconvenient.
Why the ordinary proxy headers matter
Host and X-Forwarded-Host preserve the hostname the client requested. X-Forwarded-Proto and X-Forwarded-Protocol tell Concourse that the original request was HTTPS even though the internal hop may be HTTP. X-Real-IP and X-Forwarded-For preserve client-address information for logs and access controls. Omitting the scheme or host headers commonly causes absolute links to use the internal address or sends users back to HTTP.
Optional OCSP stapling
The official Concourse reverse-proxy example also demonstrates OCSP stapling directives. If you enable stapling, use a complete certificate chain and configure the resolver and trust settings required by your Nginx/OpenSSL build. Treat stapling as an operational enhancement, not a substitute for a valid certificate, correct hostname, or a working renewal process.
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Redirect plain HTTP to HTTPS
Once the HTTPS block is working, add a separate port-80 server block so users who type an HTTP address are sent to the canonical URL:
server {
listen 80;
server_name ci.example.com;
return 301 https://ci.example.com$request_uri;
}Do not proxy ordinary HTTP traffic to Concourse in this block. A redirect gives clients one secure entry point while preserving the requested path. Keep the hostname explicit if you serve other names from the same Nginx host and do not want them redirected to Concourse.
Make fly intercept work through the proxy
The dashboard and API use ordinary HTTP semantics, but fly intercept requires an upgraded connection. The regular location / block does not automatically forward hop-by-hop upgrade headers. The regular-expression location matching /hijack therefore repeats the forwarding headers and adds:
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";The second proxy_pass intentionally has no trailing slash in the supplied pattern, preserving the request URI used by the hijack endpoint. Keep the special location alongside the ordinary location rather than trying to rely on a global setting that might affect unrelated requests.
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Test an upgraded session, not just the page
- Authenticate
flyagainst the HTTPS target represented byCONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL. - Select a running build or task for which your account has intercept permission.
- Start a representative
fly interceptsession and leave it open long enough to confirm that the connection remains established. - Exit normally, then inspect Nginx and Concourse logs for a failed upgrade, upstream reset, or authentication error.
A successful browser login does not prove that the upgraded path is configured. Test this path after every proxy, certificate, or Concourse web-node change.
Certificate renewal and storage
Nginx-managed renewal
Use the certificate-management system installed on the Nginx host. It must renew the certificate before expiry and then reload Nginx so workers begin using the new files. A reload normally keeps existing connections while applying the new configuration to new connections; use the service-management procedure appropriate to your operating system.
After renewal, verify that the chain file still contains the leaf followed by the intermediates, that the private-key path has the expected ownership and permissions, and that Nginx can read both files. A renewal job that writes files but never reloads Nginx leaves the old certificate in use.
Concourse-managed Let’s Encrypt
Concourse can obtain certificates itself when CONCOURSE_ENABLE_LETS_ENCRYPT=true is set and the web node is exposed so the ACME service can complete validation. Concourse stores the certificate and key in PostgreSQL, which makes database encryption imperative. This approach is usually unnecessary when Nginx already owns the public port 443, and running two certificate managers for the same hostname can create confusing ownership and renewal failures.
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Support multiple Concourse web nodes
For a pool of web nodes, terminate TLS at the public Nginx or load-balancer layer and route requests to the pool. Every web node must use the same PostgreSQL database so that authentication and scheduling state are shared. Set CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL on each node to the single public HTTPS URL, not to an individual node address.
Apply the same forwarded headers and /hijack upgrade handling on the layer that receives client traffic. If another load balancer sits in front of Nginx, ensure it also permits upgraded connections and preserves the original host and scheme. A configuration in which the dashboard reaches one node but the hijack request is routed differently can appear to work until an intercept is attempted.
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Security hardening checklist
- Use a certificate whose name matches the public DNS name and serve the complete chain.
- Restrict private-key file permissions so untrusted users cannot read the key; confirm the Nginx master process can read it.
- Allow inbound 443 only where required. Keep the Concourse web port off the public interface when Nginx is the intended endpoint.
- Limit the internal upstream to the Nginx host or trusted proxy network with firewall rules.
- Keep TLS protocol choices aligned with the supported Nginx/OpenSSL stack; the example enables TLS 1.2 and 1.3.
- Preserve the forwarded host and scheme headers exactly as shown so redirects and generated links remain canonical.
- Enable HSTS only after confirming that every intended browser path is available over HTTPS.
- Monitor certificate expiry, renewal failures, Nginx reload failures, and repeated upstream or handshake errors.
- Test an actual
fly interceptsession after changes, not merely a status-page request.
Validate the deployment in a safe order
- Check configuration syntax. Run
nginx -t. Correct syntax errors, unknown directives, missing include files, and certificate-path or permission errors before reloading. - Reload Nginx. Use your operating system’s service command and confirm the reload succeeds. If it fails, the old configuration may still be serving traffic, so inspect the service manager’s error output.
- Open the public HTTPS URL. Confirm that the browser reaches the expected Concourse login page without a certificate warning or an HTTP redirect loop.
- Inspect certificate details. Check the presented hostname, expiration date, and chain with a browser or TLS inspection tool. Verify that the certificate actually being served changed after a renewal.
- Log in with
fly. Use the HTTPS target corresponding to the external URL and confirm that authentication returns to the same hostname. - Run
fly intercept. Keep the session open and perform a small, representative interaction to verify the upgraded connection. - Read both log sets. Correlate Nginx access and error logs with Concourse web logs for redirect loops, upstream connection failures, certificate errors, rejected upgrades, or premature disconnects.
Troubleshooting by symptom
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Browser redirects repeatedly between HTTP and HTTPS | The external URL or forwarded scheme is wrong | Set CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL to the exact HTTPS URL and verify both forwarded protocol headers. |
| Login page loads but redirects to an internal hostname | Host information was lost at the proxy | Check Host, X-Forwarded-Host, DNS, and the certificate name. |
| Browser reports an untrusted or incomplete certificate | Wrong certificate file or missing intermediate | Confirm the 443 server block, chain-file order, hostname, and reload status. |
fly intercept fails immediately while the UI works |
Upgrade headers or the /hijack location are missing |
Verify the regex location, both upgrade headers, and the upstream URI behavior. |
| Intercept starts and then drops | An intermediate proxy or load balancer closes upgraded connections | Inspect every proxy hop, its upgrade support, idle policies, and correlated Nginx/Concourse logs. |
| Nginx returns 502 or cannot connect upstream | Wrong internal address, stopped web process, or firewall block | Resolve concourse.local from the Nginx host, test reachability on port 8080, and check the web-node service. |
| New certificate is not visible | Renewal occurred without a successful Nginx reload | Run nginx -t, reload, then inspect the certificate served on port 443. |
Operational practices that prevent regressions
Keep configuration and secrets separate
Store the Nginx configuration in your normal change-control system, but protect private keys as secrets. Grant the Nginx process the minimum read access needed and avoid copying keys into world-readable deployment artifacts or logs.
Make the public URL a tested invariant
Whenever you change DNS, certificates, proxy layers, or Concourse web settings, verify that the same HTTPS hostname appears in the browser address bar, the certificate subject or SAN, server_name, and CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL. This single invariant catches many redirect and authentication failures before users encounter them.
Exercise both request classes
Include one ordinary HTTPS request and one upgraded /hijack request in smoke tests. The first catches TLS, routing, and redirect mistakes; the second catches missing upgrade headers and proxy behavior that a dashboard check cannot see.
Recommended final configuration
For the common case, use Nginx as the only public TLS endpoint, keep Concourse on a private upstream address, set CONCOURSE_EXTERNAL_URL to the exact HTTPS hostname, forward all original host and scheme headers, and dedicate a /hijack location to WebSocket upgrades. Manage and renew the certificate on the Nginx host, reload after renewal, and validate both fly login and fly intercept after every change.
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