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For independent clients who do not share a trust boundary, run a separate OpenClaw Gateway cell for each client. Give each cell its own process, container, persistent state, credentials, workspace, channel accounts, network, and loopback-only host port. A shared Gateway may route sessions, but session IDs and agent sandboxing do not provide authorization between hostile tenants.
Choose the isolation boundary before you deploy
OpenClaw treats one Gateway as a single trusted operator domain. The right production design depends on how much trust clients share and what boundary you need between them.
| Deployment model | Suitable when | What it isolates | Main limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| One shared Gateway | All users belong to one trusted operator boundary. | Can route conversations into sessions and use sandboxing to reduce risks from untrusted content or tool execution. | Sessions are routing, not tenant authorization. Sandboxing does not turn a shared Gateway into a hostile-tenant boundary. |
| One Fleet cell per client on one host | Clients need separate Gateway processes and state, while the host and its operator remain trusted. | Separate containers, credentials, state, networks, and loopback host endpoints. | Fleet is experimental and supervises local cells; it is not a multi-host control plane or a tenant-management service. |
| Stronger runtime or microVM per client | The workload risk calls for stronger isolation than the container baseline. | A stronger workload boundary, depending on the runtime and infrastructure configuration. | Requires configuration beyond Fleet’s runtime selector. |
| Separate machines | Clients are hostile tenants or require a stronger administrative boundary. | Separates the host boundary as well as the Gateway cell. | Requires operating separate machines and their supporting infrastructure. |
Use the separate-cell design as the baseline for independent clients. Move to stronger runtimes or separate machines when the risk model requires it; do not try to compensate for an unsuitable shared-Gateway boundary by relying on session naming or sandbox settings.
What a per-client production cell contains
Fleet is OpenClaw’s documented local lifecycle supervisor for Docker or Podman cells. The host-side supervisor keeps cell records and asks the local container runtime to create and manage the containers. Each cell runs its own Gateway, which listens on port 18789 inside the container and is published on a host loopback port.
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Keep each tenant’s components together inside its own cell:
- Gateway process and container: One per client.
- Persistent state: A separate mount at
/home/node/.openclawfor each cell. - Credentials and accounts: Tenant-specific Gateway credentials and channel accounts that terminate inside that tenant’s cell.
- Workspace: Separate from other clients’ workspaces.
- Network and endpoint: A separate user-defined bridge network and a distinct loopback-only host port.
- Resource limits: Apply the documented baseline limits for processes, memory, and CPU; disk limits for the writable layer are optional.
Fleet does not provide shared channel ingress or a shared inbound router. Plan channel connections per cell rather than assuming one set of channel accounts can serve as a tenant-aware front door for all clients.
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Deploy one cell per client
The following is an architecture sequence, not a Fleet command recipe: Fleet flags, commands, and container profiles can change between releases. Consult the current OpenClaw Fleet and Docker documentation for the release you deploy instead of copying unverified CLI syntax.
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- Set the trust boundary. Decide whether clients can be treated as one trusted operator domain. If they are mutually untrusted, create a separate cell for each client.
- Prepare a supported local container host. The OpenClaw Docker Compose flow lists Docker Engine or Docker Desktop and Docker Compose v2 as prerequisites. Fleet’s documented scope is local Docker or Podman; remote runtime endpoints are unsupported because its bind paths and loopback URLs assume a local host.
- Choose and pin the image. For releases and pinned deployments, the Docker guide identifies the official GitHub Container Registry image as the primary image and warns against unofficial mirrors. Prefer a release-pinned image rather than a moving tag, then use the official upgrade flow.
- Create an isolated cell for each client. Keep its Gateway process, state mount, workspace, credentials, channel accounts, network, and host loopback port distinct from every other cell.
- Apply container hardening and limits. The Fleet baseline drops Linux capabilities, enables no-new-privileges, applies PID, memory, and CPU limits, and can limit writable-layer disk use. Use separate persistent mounts and per-cell networks.
- Keep the Gateway private. Publish its host port on loopback rather than on a public interface. If remote operator access is needed, put an approved reverse proxy, SSH tunnel, or tailnet path in front of it.
- Check network policy and exposure. Confirm the intended host binding, host firewall policy, and container egress behavior before admitting client traffic.
- Protect state and plan upgrades. Treat each tenant’s persistent state and backups as sensitive credentials. Upgrade using the official flow and recheck the current Fleet documentation because its experimental interface and deployment details may change.
Keep client traffic and host access separate
Inter-cell traffic and outbound access
Separate user-defined bridge networks block direct container-IP traffic between cells, but they allow outbound NAT access by default. If workloads should not reach the internet, account for the difference between the documented Podman and Docker approaches:
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- Podman: An internal network can block egress while retaining the published loopback Gateway port in this design.
- Docker: An internal network breaks that published port in this design. The documented alternative for Docker egress control is host firewall policy, such as the
DOCKER-USERchain.
Choose egress policy based on what each client’s workload needs to reach. Network separation between cells should not be mistaken for outbound filtering.
Private remote access
OpenClaw’s network guidance recommends loopback-first operation. Remote access is typically through an SSH tunnel or Tailscale VPN. The Gateway rejects non-loopback binds unless there is a valid shared-secret token or password authentication path, or a correctly configured trusted-proxy deployment. On a public server, review both host firewall rules and Docker’s port-publishing behavior; binding a container port is not by itself a complete exposure policy.
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Protect tenant state and credentials
Separate mounts prevent one cell from simply sharing another cell’s state, but they do not make data invisible to the host operator. Host administrators can inspect container configuration, mounted files, and environment values, replace images, or enter containers. OpenClaw’s documented model does not claim protection against a compromised host.
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- Restrict access to tenant state directories, container-management access, and host backups.
- Handle any state copy or backup as credential-bearing material, not merely as application data.
- Do not assume the separate auth-profile-secrets mount encrypts current SQLite rows. It contains a key for legacy encrypted-sidecar recovery and does not protect a state-only backup of current OAuth values.
Know what Fleet does—and does not—manage
Fleet is an experimental, single-host lifecycle supervisor for local cells. It is useful for managing the per-client container pattern, but it is not a complete hosting platform. In particular, it does not supply a multi-host control plane, shared ingress router, tenant portal, billing system, or delegated administration. Plan those functions separately if your service needs them, and do not treat Fleet as a remote cell orchestrator.
The deployment model also leaves the host and Fleet operator trusted. If your service promise requires a tenant to be isolated from the people administering the shared host, use an infrastructure boundary such as separate machines rather than promising that containers alone meet that requirement.
Alternative host hardening approach
The OpenClaw Ansible hosting overview describes a firewall-first approach that combines Tailscale for remote access, Docker isolation, and systemd hardening. The Ansible repository is identified as the source of truth for that deployment approach. Treat it as a host-hardening path, not as a replacement for per-tenant Gateway isolation: the tenant boundary still needs to match your trust model.
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Fleet status, image guidance, and deployment details are volatile. The OpenClaw documentation facts summarized here reflect documentation current as of October 7, 2026; check the current official guidance for the release and runtime you deploy.
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