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Build an image from the official httpd:2.4 image, copy your site into Apache’s document root, publish container port 80 to a host port, and open the published address in a browser. The smallest working setup uses a two-line Dockerfile and one build command followed by one run command.
Quick-start: run Apache on localhost
Create a new directory for the project. Inside it, create a public-html directory and put an index.html file in that directory. The resulting layout should be:
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apache-docker/
├── Dockerfile
└── public-html/
└── index.htmlSave this Dockerfile as a plain-text file named exactly Dockerfile (with no extension):
FROM httpd:2.4
COPY ./public-html/ /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/From the directory containing the Dockerfile, build the image and start a detached container:
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docker build -t my-apache2 .
docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 8080:80 my-apache2Visit http://localhost:8080. Apache should return the contents of public-html/index.html. In the port expression 8080:80, 8080 is the port on your computer and 80 is Apache’s port inside the container.
Prepare the project files
Create the build context
Docker sends the directory specified at the end of docker build to the daemon as the build context. The dot in docker build -t my-apache2 . means “use the current directory.” Keep the Dockerfile and public-html directory under that directory so the COPY instruction can see them.
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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Apache in Docker</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Apache is running</h1>
</body>
</html>Additional HTML, CSS, JavaScript and image files can be placed anywhere below public-html. The copy operation preserves that directory structure below Apache’s document root.
Use the correct document root
The official image serves files from /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/. The trailing slash in COPY ./public-html/ /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ copies the contents of your host directory into that document root. A file at public-html/about/index.html, for example, is requested at http://localhost:8080/about/ after the container starts.
What each Dockerfile instruction does
FROM httpd:2.4
FROM selects the base image. Here it selects the Apache HTTP Server image in the 2.4 line. The image supplies Apache, its startup behavior and the standard directories used by the image.
COPY ./public-html/ /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/
COPY adds files from the build context to the image. The source path is relative to the directory used as the build context, not relative to your shell’s unrelated working directory. The destination is Apache’s document root inside the image.
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You may add this line to document the port used by the container:
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EXPOSE 80EXPOSE records that the container listens on TCP port 80; it does not make that port reachable from the host. You still need a runtime publication option such as -p 8080:80. A complete Dockerfile with the declaration is:
FROM httpd:2.4
COPY ./public-html/ /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/
EXPOSE 80Leaving out EXPOSE does not stop Apache from listening on port 80. It only omits the image’s documentation of that port.
Build the image and start the container
Build
Run the build from the project directory:
docker build -t my-apache2 .The -t my-apache2 option gives the resulting image a convenient name. The final dot supplies the build context. If Docker cannot find the Dockerfile or the public-html directory, check that you are in the expected directory and that the file is named Dockerfile exactly.
Run
Start the image as a background container:
docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 8080:80 my-apache2-druns the container in detached mode.--name my-running-appassigns a predictable container name for later commands.-p 8080:80publishes host TCP port 8080 to container TCP port 80.my-apache2identifies the image to run.
The command returns a container ID. The container should remain running because Apache is the image’s foreground process.
Stop, restart and remove it
Use the name assigned at startup:
docker stop my-running-app
docker start my-running-app
docker rm -f my-running-appRemoving a container does not remove the image. You can create another container from my-apache2 without rebuilding unless the site files or Dockerfile have changed.
Publish Apache’s port correctly
There are two different port concepts: the port Apache uses inside the container and the port clients use on the host. Apache uses port 80 in this image. The host-side value is your choice, provided that no other process is already using it.
| Option | Host address behavior | Best use |
|---|---|---|
-p 8080:80 |
Always maps host port 8080 to container port 80. | Local development, scripts and documentation that need a predictable URL. |
-P |
Publishes exposed container ports to automatically selected host ports. | Short-lived tests where you will discover the assigned host port dynamically. |
Use -p when people or tools must know the address in advance. Use -P when avoiding host-port conflicts matters more than a stable URL. If you use -P, inspect the running container’s published-port mapping with your normal Docker container-inspection workflow before opening it in a browser.
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A host port can be changed without changing Apache’s internal port. For example, -p 9090:80 makes the site available at http://localhost:9090.
Verify that the site is running
Check the container state
List running containers and confirm that my-running-app is present and that the port mapping appears. If it is absent, list stopped containers as well; a process that exits immediately will not appear in the default running-only view.
Read Apache’s output
When a container stops unexpectedly, read its logs:
docker logs my-running-appStartup errors, configuration mistakes and permission-related failures usually appear there. If you reused the name after an earlier test, remove the old container or choose a new name before running again.
Request the exact URL
Open http://localhost:8080, not http://localhost, because the example publishes host port 8080 rather than host port 80. A browser showing a different application usually means another service is listening on the address you opened, or the host port in the URL does not match the -p mapping.
Copy site files into the image or mount them at runtime?
There are two valid ways to provide content. A baked-in image copies the files during docker build. A bind mount maps a host directory into the running container. Choose based on whether you are producing a repeatable release or editing files continuously.
| Characteristic | Files copied into the image | Bind-mounted files |
|---|---|---|
| Deployment reproducibility | The image contains the exact site files used for that build. | The running result depends on the host directory mounted at startup. |
| Edit turnaround | Changes require a new build and a replacement or restart of the container. | Edits on the host are available through the mount without rebuilding the image. |
| Immutable release behavior | Well suited to versioned, immutable releases. | Convenient for development, but content can change independently of the image. |
| Separation of content and image | Application content and server base are released together. | Apache configuration can remain in the image while site content is supplied separately. |
Use a bind mount for rapid development
The official image documents mapping a host project directory to Apache’s document root with -v. From the directory that contains public-html, run:
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docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 8080:80 -v "$(pwd)/public-html:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/" httpd:2.4On shells that do not support $(pwd), replace the host side of the mount with an absolute path to your public-html directory. The container still serves port 80, so the same 8080:80 publication applies.
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With a bind mount, edit the host files and refresh the browser. You do not need to rebuild the image for each HTML or stylesheet change. The mount hides the document-root files that were present in the image, so ensure the host directory contains the complete site you intend to serve.
Use the baked-in approach for a release artifact and the bind-mount approach for a development loop. Do not accidentally use a developer’s empty or incomplete host directory when deploying a container that is expected to be self-contained.
Customize Apache’s configuration
Export the default configuration
Start by writing the image’s default configuration to a host file:
docker run --rm httpd:2.4 cat /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf > my-httpd.confThe temporary container is removed automatically because of --rm. Edit my-httpd.conf on the host, keeping a backup of the original so you can compare changes or recover from a mistake.
Build a derived image
Create a Dockerfile that replaces the configuration in a new image:
FROM httpd:2.4
COPY ./my-httpd.conf /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.confIf the same image also needs your website, include the site copy instruction in that Dockerfile:
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FROM httpd:2.4
COPY ./my-httpd.conf /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
COPY ./public-html/ /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/Build this image from the directory containing both my-httpd.conf and public-html. Rebuild after configuration edits; a running container does not automatically acquire changes made to the Dockerfile or build-context files.
Keep configuration changes deliberate
Apache directives can alter directory access, modules, logging, virtual hosts and TLS behavior. Change only what the application requires, and retain the image’s expected paths. A configuration that refers to files outside the image or mount points will fail when deployed elsewhere.
Serve HTTPS with the Apache image
The official image documentation describes an HTTPS setup using a certificate and private key. Place or mount server.crt and server.key in /usr/local/apache2/conf/, enable the required SSL modules, enable conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf, and publish container port 443:
docker run -d --name my-running-app -p 8080:80 -p 443:443 my-apache2The exact certificate filenames, validity period, trust chain and private-key protection are operational concerns separate from the basic HTTP container. Do not treat a self-signed development certificate as a production trust solution. Protect the private key, plan renewal, and verify that the configuration points to the mounted or copied files at the paths Apache uses.
Choose and pin an image tag
An unqualified latest tag can change over time. For repeatable builds, use a specific numbered tag that your deployment process has approved. Docker Hub currently lists versioned Apache tags including 2.4.69 and 2.4, along with Alpine variants. Tags are mutable operational inputs, so check the available tag and its digest when promoting an image to a controlled environment.
The trade-off is straightforward:
- A moving tag such as
2.4can receive newer patch releases in the same major/minor line, reducing manual updates but changing the build input. - A numbered tag such as
2.4.69makes the intended version explicit and improves repeatability, while updates require you to select and test a newer tag. - An Alpine variant uses a different base distribution and should be validated for compatibility with any added packages, modules or troubleshooting procedures.
Record the chosen tag in version control and rebuild deliberately when you update it. Do not assume that rebuilding the same Dockerfile always produces byte-for-byte identical output when the base tag can move.
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Troubleshoot common failures
“Connection refused” or a browser timeout
- Confirm the container is running and that the published mapping is present.
- Use the exact host port from the
-poption. The example uses 8080, not 80. - If the container stopped, read
docker logs my-running-app. - Check whether another process already occupies the host port. Publish a different host port, such as
-p 9090:80, and browse to the matching URL.
The default Apache page appears instead of your site
- Verify that
index.htmlis insidepublic-htmlin the build context. - Check that the Dockerfile copies to
/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/. - Rebuild the image after changing site files when using the baked-in method.
- If you used a bind mount, verify that the mounted host directory contains the intended files; the mount masks the image’s original document-root contents.
Docker cannot find the source directory
The source in COPY ./public-html/ ... must exist beneath the directory passed as the build context. Run the build from the project directory or pass the correct context path. Do not expect Docker to copy a file located outside that context.
The container name is already in use
A stopped container still reserves its name. Stop and remove the old container, or select a different name, then run the image again.
Changes do not appear after an edit
With files copied into an image, edits on the host have no effect on an existing container. Rebuild and recreate the container. For frequent editing, use the documented bind-mount pattern instead.
Port 443 is unreachable
Publishing 443:443 is necessary but not sufficient. Apache must have SSL support enabled, the SSL configuration enabled, and readable certificate and key files at the configured paths. Check the container logs and verify each of those conditions before diagnosing the host firewall or browser.
Quick Recap
Deployment checklist
- Keep the Dockerfile, site directory and any custom configuration in a version-controlled project.
- Use a deliberate httpd tag rather than relying on an unqualified moving tag for a controlled release.
- Build from the intended context and inspect the resulting site before publishing it.
- Use
-pfor a stable host address; reserve-Pfor cases where an automatically assigned port is acceptable. - Choose baked-in content for immutable releases and bind mounts for active development.
- Do not publish Apache to a host port that another service needs.
- For HTTPS, protect private keys and handle certificate renewal and production hardening as separate operational tasks.
- Keep the container name and port mapping documented so operators can stop, inspect and replace the service predictably.
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