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Run your Discord bot under PM2, then pair pm2 startup with pm2 save. PM2 will restart the Node.js process when it exits unexpectedly and restore the saved process after a VPS reboot, so closing SSH does not stop the bot.
The essential sequence is:
npm install --global pm2
pm2 start index.js --name discord-bot
pm2 startup
pm2 saveReplace index.js with your bot’s actual entry file. The pm2 startup command prints a second command tailored to your VPS; copy and run that command exactly, usually with root privileges, before running pm2 save.
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Starting a bot with node index.js attaches it to the current shell. When that SSH session closes, the process can receive a hang-up signal or simply be left without a supervisor. A process that crashes also stays down unless something starts it again.
PM2 is a process supervisor for Node.js. Its default autorestart behavior respawns an application that exits unexpectedly. It also provides a process list, logs, and a local monitoring view. PM2 describes the result as keeping an application alive across crashes and machine restarts, but the reboot portion requires an additional boot integration step.
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There are two separate mechanisms:
- Crash supervision: PM2 notices that the bot process exited and starts it again.
- Boot persistence: the init-system integration created by
pm2 startupruns PM2 during boot, while the list saved bypm2 savetells PM2 which applications to resurrect.
Using only one of these mechanisms leaves a gap. A saved list without startup integration is not launched after a reboot, and startup integration without a current saved list has no correctly defined application set to restore.
Prerequisites and account choice
You need SSH access to a VPS, Node.js and npm installed, and a Discord bot project that can run from a directory on that server. Identify the entry file your project actually uses; common names include index.js, bot.js, or a compiled file under a dist directory.
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Choose one deployment account and use it consistently. PM2’s process list and dump belong to the Unix user who ran PM2. Installing or starting the bot as one account and configuring startup as another commonly produces a service that boots without the expected application.
Before starting the process, make sure dependencies are installed in the project directory, for example with the package manager and lockfile your project uses. PM2 does not install missing bot dependencies; it only supervises the command you give it.
Install PM2 and start the bot
- Connect and enter the project directory.
ssh your-user@your-vps cd /path/to/your/discord-botUse the directory that contains the entry file and the project’s
node_modules, or use an absolute script path later. - Install PM2 globally.
npm install --global pm2A global install makes the
pm2command available to the deployment account. If your server uses a version manager, install it while the intended Node.js version is active. - Start the entry file with a stable process name.
pm2 start index.js --name discord-botReplace
index.jswith the real entry file. The name is an operator label used by commands such aspm2 logs discord-botandpm2 restart discord-bot. - Check that PM2 accepted the process.
pm2 statusThe list should show
discord-botwith an online status. If it is stopped or repeatedly restarting, inspect logs before proceeding to boot configuration.
PM2 starts the process from the shell’s current working directory unless you configure another working directory. Starting from the project directory is therefore the least surprising approach when the bot loads relative files such as configuration, commands, or certificates.
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Read logs and monitor the running process
Use the named log stream first:
pm2 logs discord-botThis follows the bot’s standard output and error output. Stop following the stream with Ctrl+C; that leaves the managed process running. For a dashboard-style local view, run:
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A successful Discord login message confirms that the application reached Discord, not merely that Node.js started. Also check for configuration errors, missing intents, rejected tokens, and unhandled exceptions in the log output.
Enable automatic startup after a VPS reboot
- Ask PM2 to generate boot integration.
pm2 startupPM2 detects the VPS init system and prints a follow-up command. That command can include a service type, user, home directory, and an environment path.
- Run the printed command exactly.Copy the complete command from PM2’s output and execute it as instructed, normally with root privileges. Do not replace it with a generic command: the generated path must point to the Node.js and PM2 installation used by the deployment account.
- Save the current process list.
pm2 saveThis writes PM2’s dump for the current user. At boot, the startup service launches PM2, and PM2 resurrects the applications in that dump.
- Confirm the saved state.
pm2 status pm2 logs discord-botVerify the bot is online and that its logs show a normal connection rather than an immediate crash.
pm2 save alone does not install a boot-time init hook. Conversely, pm2 startup does not automatically save every process you might start later; run pm2 save whenever the desired process list changes.
Test the setup instead of assuming it works
A reboot test is the operational check that catches incorrect users, paths, and missing environment variables. Schedule it when a short interruption is acceptable because the VPS will be unavailable during the reboot.
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- Record the expected process name with
pm2 statusand make sure the bot is healthy before rebooting. - Reboot through your VPS provider’s console or from SSH with the command appropriate to your operating system.
- Reconnect after the server returns.
- Run
pm2 status. The bot should be present without a manualpm2 start. - Run
pm2 logs discord-botand confirm a fresh startup and Discord connection.
If the process is absent after reboot, first check that startup integration was actually installed and that the process list was saved by the same user. If the process appears but exits, treat it as an application or environment problem rather than a PM2 boot problem.
Understand the different kinds of restart
Automatic crash restart
With the default autorestart behavior, PM2 respawns a process that terminates unexpectedly. This covers many uncaught exceptions and native exits, but it cannot fix a logical failure in which the Node.js process remains alive while the bot has lost its Discord connection. Your application still needs appropriate connection handling and error reporting.
Manual restart
pm2 restart discord-botA manual restart stops and starts the process. PM2 notes that this makes the service briefly unavailable, so use it during a maintenance window when a short disconnect matters.
Reboot restoration
Restoration after a machine restart is not the same event as crash supervision. It depends on the init hook from pm2 startup and the process dump produced by pm2 save.
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The one-line pm2 start command is adequate for a simple bot. An ecosystem file makes restart policy and environment selection explicit when the bot needs tuning.
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module.exports = {
apps: [{
name: 'discord-bot',
script: './index.js',
restart_delay: 4000,
max_restarts: 16,
max_memory_restart: '300M',
env: { NODE_ENV: 'production' }
}]
};Save this as ecosystem.config.js in the project directory, then start it with:
pm2 start ecosystem.config.js --env production
pm2 saveRun pm2 save again after changing the ecosystem configuration so the boot-time dump contains the new settings.
| Setting | What it controls | How to choose it |
|---|---|---|
restart_delay |
Wait time between restarts, in milliseconds. | Use a delay when the bot or a dependency needs time to recover, or when immediate retries would overload a service. |
max_restarts |
Limits repeated restart attempts. | Set a value that exposes a persistent failure instead of allowing an endless rapid loop. |
max_memory_restart |
Restarts the process when it exceeds a memory threshold. | Base the threshold on the VPS’s available memory and the bot’s normal usage; 300M is only an example. |
autorestart |
Enables or disables automatic respawning. | Leave it enabled for a continuously running bot unless you have a deliberate maintenance reason to disable it. |
| Exponential backoff | Increases the wait between repeated crashes. | Prefer it when a failing dependency would make fixed, short retries noisy or expensive. |
env and named environments |
Provides environment variables and selects an environment such as production. | Keep runtime configuration separate from code and invoke the intended environment explicitly. |
These controls are policy knobs, not universal values. A small hobby bot and a memory-intensive production bot should not share the same restart limits without measuring their behavior.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Keep the Discord token out of the ecosystem file
The bot token grants control of the Discord application. Do not commit it to a public repository or place it in an ecosystem file that other users can read. The example file contains only NODE_ENV for that reason.
Provide the token through the environment or another secret mechanism already approved for your server, and have the bot read it at runtime. Check file permissions and shell history as well: putting a secret directly in a command can leave it visible to other operators or in recorded history.
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After changing a token or another environment value, restart the process and save the updated process definition if the value is part of the PM2-managed environment:
pm2 restart discord-bot --update-env
pm2 saveOnly use --update-env when you intentionally want PM2 to refresh environment values from the current definition.
Common failure modes and fixes
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Bot stops when SSH closes | It was started directly with Node.js or under a shell-only session. | Start it with pm2 start and verify it appears in pm2 status. |
| Bot runs now but not after reboot | Startup integration was skipped, or the process list was never saved. | Run pm2 startup, execute its printed command, then run pm2 save as the deployment user. |
pm2 save seems to have no effect |
The save belongs to a different Unix account than the startup service. | Check which user owns the PM2 process and repeat setup with that account. For another account, PM2’s startup command supports -u and --hp. |
| Process shows “errored” or restarts repeatedly | Application exception, missing dependency, invalid working directory, or bad configuration. | Read pm2 logs discord-bot, run the entry file manually from the project directory, and correct the first fatal error. |
| Bot starts but cannot log in | Token or required environment variables are absent in the PM2 context. | Confirm the runtime environment used by PM2 contains the same variables as your interactive shell, without exposing the token. |
| Bot dies after a Node.js upgrade | The generated startup service still points to the old Node.js or PM2 path. | Regenerate startup integration with pm2 startup, run the newly printed command, and save the process list again. |
| Bot is online but unresponsive | The process has not crashed; the Discord connection or application logic is unhealthy. | Inspect application logs and connection handling. PM2 can restart an exited process, but it cannot diagnose a live process that has stopped doing useful work. |
Node.js version-manager upgrades require startup maintenance
When Node.js is installed through NVM or another per-user version manager, its executable path can change during an upgrade. The boot service generated earlier may still reference the old path. After upgrading Node.js, repeat the startup setup:
- Activate the new Node.js version for the deployment account.
- Confirm
node --versionandpm2 --versionresolve to the intended installations. - Run
pm2 startupand execute the exact command it prints. - Run
pm2 saveto refresh the saved process definition. - Check logs and perform a planned reboot test if the service is business-critical.
Operate the bot safely day to day
Use the process name consistently so routine actions are unambiguous:
pm2 status— list managed processes and their current state.pm2 logs discord-bot— follow this bot’s output and errors.pm2 monit— view local process and resource monitoring.pm2 restart discord-bot— perform a deliberate restart with a short interruption.pm2 save— persist a changed process list or ecosystem configuration for the next boot.
When removing a bot from PM2, stop and delete the process intentionally, then save again if you do not want it resurrected at the next boot. Keeping obsolete entries in the dump can cause confusion during incident response.
What PM2 can and cannot guarantee
PM2 is appropriate when the requirement is “keep this Node.js process running and bring it back after a crash or reboot.” It does not make a broken bot correct, renew an expired Discord token, repair a failed network route, or replace application-level health checks. A process that repeatedly crashes should be investigated rather than hidden behind unlimited retries.
For a reliable deployment, combine PM2 supervision with bounded restart behavior, protected secrets, readable logs, and a tested boot procedure. The decisive configuration is simple: start the correct entry file under the intended user, install the generated startup hook, and save the process list after every meaningful change.
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