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If you encounter suspected child sexual abuse material (CSAM), stop viewing it, do not download or copy it, and do not send it to anyone outside an official reporting channel. In the United States, report it to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children (NCMEC) through the CyberTipline. In other countries, use the national hotline listed by INHOPE. You can also use a platform’s built-in report and block controls when doing so is safe, but a platform report does not replace the appropriate official hotline or emergency response.

What to do first

  1. Stop exposure. Close the page, post, file, or conversation. Do not keep scrolling, replaying a video, or opening related accounts to confirm what you saw.
  2. Do not create another copy. Never download, screenshot, screen-record, save, forward, repost, email, or upload suspected CSAM. This includes sending it to friends, moderators, journalists, coworkers, or a police contact through an ordinary messaging account.
  3. Record only locating information. If you can do so without reopening the material, note the service, profile or account name, page or post URL, message ID, and approximate date and time. Do not intentionally search for more material.
  4. Use the correct official route. U.S. readers should file a report with NCMEC’s CyberTipline. Readers elsewhere should use the national hotline identified in INHOPE’s member directory.
  5. Escalate immediate danger. If a child may be in immediate physical danger, contact local emergency services or police first when it is safe, then complete the appropriate online report.

INHOPE’s handling instruction is unambiguous: No, never share links or files with anyone outside the official reporting channels. A URL or account identifier entered into an official form is different from distributing the material itself; do not send the image or video.

Which authority should receive the report?

Situation Primary route What to expect
You are in the United States and found suspected online exploitation NCMEC CyberTipline NCMEC reviews public reports and makes each CyberTipline report available to law enforcement for independent review.
You are outside the United States Your country’s INHOPE member hotline The member hotline assesses the report and, when necessary, coordinates with law enforcement and internet service providers.
A child may face immediate physical danger Local emergency services or police first Give the emergency dispatcher the urgent facts you have without transmitting files through an ordinary channel; complete the relevant online report afterward.
The material is on a social network, forum, cloud service, or messaging platform The platform’s report and block tools, plus the applicable official hotline Platform reporting can alert the service, but it is supplementary and does not replace NCMEC, an INHOPE hotline, or emergency escalation.

How to report in the United States

Use NCMEC’s CyberTipline

NCMEC describes the CyberTipline as the nation’s centralized reporting system for suspected online child exploitation. The public can report suspected online enticement, child sexual molestation, CSAM, trafficking, and related exploitation. Submit the report through NCMEC’s official CyberTipline form rather than sending the material to an individual employee or an informal email address.

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  1. Open the official CyberTipline reporting form without searching for additional images, videos, or accounts.
  2. Choose the category that best matches what you encountered, such as suspected CSAM, online enticement, or trafficking.
  3. Describe what happened in plain language. State where you saw it, how you encountered it, and why you believe it may involve a child. Do not paste the image or video into the report.
  4. Enter locating details you already have: platform, account or profile name, URL, message or post identifier, and approximate date and time. If you do not have a detail, leave it out rather than trying to obtain it.
  5. Read the form’s privacy and contact-information language before submitting. Provide only information needed to identify the incident and decide whether to include your name or contact details.
  6. Submit the report and keep the confirmation information, if the form provides it, without retaining or moving the suspected material.

NCMEC says that every CyberTipline report is made available to law enforcement for independent review. If you provide your name and contact information, an analyst or law-enforcement officer may contact you if more information is needed. That possibility can help an investigation, but it means you should not assume that a submission with contact details is anonymous.

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How to report outside the United States

Find the national INHOPE hotline

INHOPE connects national hotlines that assess reports of suspected online child sexual abuse material. Use the member hotline for the country where you are located or where the hotline directory directs you. Follow that hotline’s form instructions and privacy statement; procedures and available fields can differ by country.

  1. Locate your country’s INHOPE member hotline through INHOPE’s official directory.
  2. Open the hotline’s reporting form and select the category that most closely describes the suspected exploitation.
  3. Provide only the minimum locating information you already possess, such as the service, account name, URL, identifier, and approximate time.
  4. Do not attach, upload, or forward suspected CSAM unless the official form explicitly provides a secure process and instructs you to do so. INHOPE’s general rule is never to share links or files outside official reporting channels.
  5. Review the hotline’s contact and privacy language, then submit the report.

INHOPE says its member hotlines assess reports and, when necessary, coordinate with law enforcement and internet service providers so that action can be taken. A hotline may not be able to tell you the outcome of an investigation, so do not interpret the absence of a follow-up message as proof that no action occurred.

What information is safe to include?

The goal is to help analysts locate the account or material without making another copy. Separate information you already have from information you would have to obtain by opening, downloading, or contacting someone.

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Usually appropriate when already available Do not create or obtain
Platform or website name A screenshot, screen recording, downloaded file, or photograph of the screen
Profile, channel, group, or account name A second copy saved to your phone, computer, cloud drive, or removable storage
Page, post, or profile URL entered into the official form A new link collected by opening related posts or searching for mirrors
Message, post, or case identifier Additional material obtained by joining a group, accepting a contact request, or asking for files
Approximate date and time, and how you encountered it A confrontation, undercover conversation, or attempt to identify the suspected offender
Ordinary account records already retained by your service or device Moving, renaming, exporting, or forwarding files that may contain the material

If the material arrived through an account you control, secure that account using the service’s normal security controls and preserve ordinary account records without opening, copying, or transferring the suspected files. Do not delete evidence by experimenting with the files, but do not keep accessing them either. If you are unsure how a service’s controls affect the material, stop and use the official reporting channel for guidance.

Can you report anonymously?

“Anonymous” can mean different things. It may mean leaving your name off a form, avoiding unnecessary contact information, or preventing the suspected account holder from learning who reported it. An official hotline’s form and privacy policy determine what information is collected and how it may be used; no public instruction can promise complete anonymity in every case.

  • Read the form’s privacy language before submitting.
  • Provide only the personal details needed to describe the incident and identify the location.
  • If a form makes contact information optional, leaving it blank may reduce opportunities for follow-up, while providing it may let an analyst or law enforcement ask clarifying questions.
  • Do not include unnecessary names, workplace details, addresses, or speculation about the suspected offender.
  • Do not use anonymity as a reason to delay an urgent report. Immediate physical danger should be reported to local emergency services or police first when safe.

NCMEC specifically says that a reporter who supplies a name and contact information may hear from an analyst or law enforcement if more information is needed. That is the relevant trade-off: less contact information may mean less follow-up, while more information can make follow-up possible.

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Should you send a screenshot or the file to police?

Do not send a screenshot, video, image, or copied link through ordinary email, text, social media, or a personal message. Creating and distributing another copy can expose more people to the material and can interfere with safe handling. Report the location and circumstances through NCMEC, your INHOPE hotline, or an emergency service’s official process.

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If a law-enforcement agency gives you a specific secure instruction for preserving or transferring material, follow that instruction exactly and verify that you are using the agency’s official channel. Do not decide independently that an attachment is safe to send merely because the recipient is a police officer.

Can you report a suspicious account without downloading the video?

Yes. You do not need to download or possess a video to report the account. Submit the platform, account or profile name, URL or identifier, approximate time, and a factual description of what you encountered. If the service offers a report control that works without reopening the material, use it; then submit the official hotline report as well.

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Do not click through a profile to find more posts, ask the account holder for proof, join a private group, or try to determine the child’s identity. Those actions create additional exposure and can alert the suspected offender.

How to use a platform’s report and block controls safely

  1. Leave the material or conversation if the control can be reached without viewing more content.
  2. Use the platform’s native category for child sexual exploitation or child safety, if available.
  3. Do not attach a screenshot or download a file to support the platform report.
  4. Block or restrict the account when that is a normal platform option and doing so will not create an immediate safety risk.
  5. Record the account name, URL, and report confirmation using ordinary text notes, not a copy of the material.
  6. Make the NCMEC or INHOPE report required for your location.

A platform may remove content or suspend an account, but its process is not a substitute for the centralized public reporting route or emergency response. Reporting through both channels gives the service and the appropriate official authority the information each can use.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

What not to do

  • Do not investigate. Do not search for related files, identify people, or map a network of accounts.
  • Do not confront the suspected offender. A warning can cause the person to delete material, move accounts, or endanger a child.
  • Do not redistribute the material. “For awareness,” moderation, or proof are not reasons to forward it.
  • Do not ask others to verify it. Sending a link to a friend, administrator, or colleague spreads the exposure.
  • Do not post public accusations. Use the official reporting route instead of naming an account in a forum or social post.
  • Do not rely only on a platform report. Add the official hotline report appropriate to your country.
  • Do not repeatedly reopen the page. A single set of locating details is preferable to continued viewing.
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What if you are a moderator, administrator, or service operator?

Use your organization’s established child-safety and legal-escalation procedure, and limit access to trained personnel who are authorized to handle such reports. Do not circulate the material internally for discussion or ask untrained staff to inspect it. Follow the relevant official reporting route for your jurisdiction and preserve ordinary system records according to your organization’s lawful retention policy without creating extra copies.

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If you are an individual volunteer moderator with no formal procedure, stop handling the material, record the account and location details you already have, and use NCMEC, the applicable INHOPE hotline, or emergency services as appropriate. Do not improvise a private evidence-sharing process.

What happens after you submit?

NCMEC reviews CyberTipline reports and makes them available to law enforcement for independent review. NCMEC may contact a reporter who supplied identifying details if clarification is needed. Outside the United States, an INHOPE member hotline assesses the report and may coordinate with law enforcement and internet service providers.

You may not receive a case number, progress update, or disclosure of investigative action. That limitation does not mean the report was ignored. Avoid contacting the suspected account for an update; if you learn new information without seeking more material, add it through the same official reporting route.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

Quick decision guide

Question Action
Is a child in immediate physical danger? Contact local emergency services or police first when safe, then file the appropriate online report.
Are you in the United States? Use NCMEC’s CyberTipline.
Are you elsewhere? Use your national INHOPE member hotline.
Do you have only an account name or URL? That is enough to begin a report; do not seek more material.
Do you have a screenshot or downloaded file? Do not forward or upload it. Stop handling it and use the official channel’s instructions.
Do you want to limit personal information? Read the form’s privacy language and provide only what is necessary, understanding that fewer contact details can limit follow-up.

Key points to remember

  • The U.S. public route is NCMEC’s CyberTipline.
  • Outside the United States, use an INHOPE national hotline.
  • Never share suspected CSAM, copied links, or files outside official reporting channels.
  • Use platform reporting as an additional notice, not as the only report.
  • Do not confront, investigate, or try to verify the suspected offender yourself.
  • Provide contact information only after reviewing the form’s privacy language; it can enable follow-up.
  • Immediate physical danger requires local emergency escalation before ordinary online reporting.

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