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An Ethereum account balance is the amount of native ether recorded for an address in Ethereum’s account state, measured in wei. One ether (ETH) equals 1018 wei. The balance is separate from an address’s transaction nonce, contract storage, and code.
What an Ethereum account balance means
The Ethereum Yellow Paper defines balance as “a scalar value equal to the number of Wei owned by this address.” In other words, it is the account-state field that records how much native ether an address has. Ethereum Yellow Paper
This definition is about native ether in Ethereum’s protocol account state. It does not mean that every asset a wallet displays is included in that field: tokens, for example, can have balances recorded in separate contract state.
Wei and ETH: two units for the same value
Wei and ether are denominations of the same value: 1 ETH = 1018 wei. For example, 2 ETH corresponds to 2 × 1018 wei. This is a unit conversion, not a separate balance or an additional asset.
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Protocol and API data may show the balance in wei, while an application may format a value in ETH for easier reading. Those are different representations of the quantity; a displayed ETH amount should not be confused with the underlying wei value.
Balance versus other account fields
Ethereum account state includes four fields: nonce, balance, storage root, and code hash. They describe different aspects of an account.
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| Field | What it represents |
|---|---|
| Balance | The quantity of native ether, counted in wei. |
| Nonce | A transaction count for an address; for an address associated with contract code, it also relates to contract creations. |
| Storage root | A reference to the account’s contract storage state. |
| Code hash | A hash associated with the account’s code. |
A nonce is not an ETH balance, and contract storage is not the same thing as the balance field. Likewise, a token amount shown in a wallet is not necessarily native ether recorded as the account’s balance.
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The Ethereum Execution APIs GraphQL schema describes an account balance in wei as a BigInt. Its BigInt description permits decimal or 0x-prefixed hexadecimal input and specifies 0x-prefixed hexadecimal output. The API’s account-proof schema labels the balance field as uint256. These labels describe API types and encodings; they do not change the underlying quantity or its unit. Execution APIs GraphQL schema · Execution APIs state schema
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When reading a value, check both its representation and unit. A hexadecimal string is an encoding of a number, not a different kind of balance; and a wei-denominated value may look much larger than the equivalent ETH amount because 1 ETH contains 1018 wei.
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