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Prepare a household plan and emergency kit before an alert. If a nuclear detonation or other radiation emergency occurs, get inside the nearest building, move to a basement or the building’s central area, and stay there for at least 24 hours or until officials say it is safe to leave. Follow local instructions: authorities may tell you to shelter or evacuate.
Choose a shelter location and make a household plan
Identify the basement or most central interior area of your home, away from windows, exterior walls, and the roof. The best specific location depends on your building, but the principle is to put as much structure and distance as possible between you and the outside.
If household members are at work, school, daycare, or a care facility, ask how that organization will shelter people and communicate during an emergency. Plan to stay where you are rather than crossing town to reunite; facilities generally keep people inside until responders determine it is safe to move. Follow the facility’s and local authorities’ directions.
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Write down a simple communications plan. Include contact numbers and an out-of-area contact if your household uses one. If a call will not connect, try a text message, which may get through when voice calls do not. Keep phone lines available for urgent calls.
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Plan for children, older adults, people with disabilities, medical needs, and pets. Check that essential medicines and mobility or communication aids are available, and determine how each person’s school or care provider handles sheltering and pickup. Bring pets indoors during an alert and keep their supplies with your household kit. Ask in advance whether the local designated shelter accepts pets.
Build an emergency kit and keep key items accessible
Keep a general emergency kit somewhere household members can reach without searching. Include supplies for sheltering at home and for a possible evacuation if officials direct one.
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- Battery-powered or hand-crank radio, preferably a NOAA weather radio, with spare batteries. Use it to receive official updates; it is not a radiation detector.
- Flashlight and extra batteries.
- Drinking water and ready-to-eat food, plus a nonelectric can opener if needed.
- First-aid supplies, essential medicines, and prescription information.
- Sturdy shoes, a change of clothes, and basic hygiene supplies.
- Important papers, cash or cards, and phone chargers or a backup power source if available.
- Pet food, water, medications, leash or carrier, and other necessary pet supplies.
Keep prescriptions and important documents easy to take if officials order evacuation. Check the kit periodically so food, medicines, batteries, and other time-sensitive supplies remain usable.
What to do when an alert or detonation occurs
- Get inside immediately. If you are outdoors or in a car, go into the closest building. A brick or concrete multistory building or a basement is preferable if you can reach one within a few minutes, but any building is safer than remaining outside. Cars provide poor protection.
- Move inward or down. Go to a basement or the middle of the building, away from exterior walls and the roof. Bring pets inside. Close and lock windows and doors.
- Remove contamination from anyone who was outdoors. Carefully remove the outer layer of clothing and keep it away from people and pets, following official guidance for handling it. Wash exposed skin or shower if possible, then put on clean clothes. The CDC says removing the outer layer can remove up to 90% of radioactive material; that is the CDC’s stated figure, not a guarantee for every exposure. CDC guidance on what to do after a radiation emergency.
- Stay tuned to official updates. Use a battery-powered radio, television, mobile device, or another working channel. Do not go outside to reset a breaker or retrieve family members.
- Use safer food and water while sheltered. CDC advises drinking bottled water and eating food in sealed containers. Follow local instructions about water, food, ventilation, and whether to stay or evacuate.
How long to shelter and when to leave
Plan to stay inside for at least 24 hours, and do not leave until emergency officials say it is safe unless the shelter itself is unstable or there is an immediate life-threatening condition. The 24-hour recommendation is a protective public-safety measure, not a prediction that every location will be safe after that time. Authorities may direct people to remain sheltered longer or to evacuate sooner. The CDC summarizes its advice as “get inside, stay inside, and stay tuned.” CDC shelter-in-place guidance.
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If officials order evacuation, use the route and destination they specify rather than choosing your own. Take essential medicines and prescriptions, important papers, a change of clothes, your emergency kit, and pet supplies. Local authorities may direct residents to a community reception center before a shelter; check whether a designated shelter accepts pets. Local plans take precedence over general guidance for evacuation timing, routes, and destinations. Ready.gov radiation emergency guidance.
If household members are somewhere else
If children or relatives are at a school, hospital, nursing home, daycare, or other facility, shelter where you are and contact them by text if possible. Do not go outside to retrieve them. The trip could expose you, and leaving the facility could expose them; organizations have plans to keep people inside until responders know it is safe to evacuate.
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Follow updates from the facility and emergency authorities about reunification and pickup. Ask about those procedures before an emergency so you know where to get reliable information when phone service or travel is disrupted. CDC guidance for responding to a radiation emergency.
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This plan reflects U.S. CDC and FEMA public guidance. It cannot identify the safest room in a particular building or predict local fallout conditions. Use local emergency alerts and responder instructions for decisions about sheltering, evacuation, and routes. For additional household preparedness steps, see the CDC radiation emergency preparedness guidance and FEMA’s household communication plan.
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