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Migrating a Shopify checkout UI extension to Polaris web components is an API, runtime, data, and configuration upgrade—not a find-and-replace of React component names. Shopify’s migration path is to move extensions to a supported API version, replace legacy components with Polaris custom elements, update the runtime and TypeScript setup, move calls to the global shopify object, and revise metafield access where the selected version requires it.
Extensions on API versions before 2025-10 need to adopt Polaris web components; 2025-10 and later use them by default. Shopify identifies 2025-07 as the final version that supports React-based UI components. Use Shopify’s current version support and CLI behavior to choose a target rather than copying an old example unchanged.
What changes in a Polaris migration
A checkout UI extension has four connected layers: its target, the target API, the rendering components, and the data APIs used by the code. A successful migration keeps those layers aligned. Changing only JSX tags can leave an extension with an unsupported target, stale callback APIs, incompatible metafield calls, or a TypeScript configuration that no longer describes the runtime.
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Before you edit code: choose a supported API version
Understand the version boundary
The version boundary determines both the rendering model and the APIs available to your extension:
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| API-version situation | Implication |
|---|---|
Earlier than 2025-10 |
Adopt Polaris web components as part of the upgrade. |
2025-07 |
Shopify’s versioned documentation identifies this as the last version supporting React-based UI components. |
2025-10 or later |
Polaris web components are used by default. |
2026-04 example in Shopify’s guide |
Shows version-specific metafield changes, but is an example rather than a permanent declaration of the latest version. |
Check Shopify’s currently supported API versions before selecting the target. Then record that choice in the extension’s shopify.extension.toml by updating its api_version. Do not assume that an example such as 2026-04 remains the newest available version when you perform the migration.
Account for the update-policy risk
Shopify announced that, by October 1, 2026, apps containing extensions on API versions 2025-07 or older would be unable to update. That date has passed. Treat the policy as an immediate operational check: run the current Shopify CLI workflow for the app, inspect its reported version requirements, and verify whether an old extension version is preventing an update. The announcement is documented in the June 11, 2026 Shopify AI Toolkit changelog; it does not establish exactly how every app is blocked today.
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Step 1: inventory the extension before migrating
Create an inventory for every checkout extension in the app. This prevents a partial migration in which one extension runs with a newer runtime while another still depends on a legacy component or callback.
- Open each extension’s
shopify.extension.tomland record its currentapi_version. - Record the extension target and whether it is a block, runnable, or static target.
- List every rendered component, including components nested in helper functions and conditional branches.
- List target API calls, callback parameters, hooks, and any direct use of checkout data.
- List metafield reads, writes, definitions, scopes, and any code that expects a metafield to be copied to an order.
- Record the package manager, Shopify CLI version, TypeScript configuration, JSX setting, and declaration files included by the extension.
- Mark code paths that are specific to Shopify Plus checkout steps, because target availability differs by store plan.
Save this inventory as a migration checklist. A component tree that looks small can still depend on a callback API or a metafield change input that is version-sensitive.
Step 2: map legacy components to Polaris elements
Use the component migration pages, not name similarity
Polaris web components are custom HTML elements. Their names, properties, events, and behavior are documented per component. A legacy React prop may have a different name, type, default, or event model in the corresponding Polaris element. Check the component’s migration page for every replacement and verify that the element is available at the extension’s target.
For example, a Preact extension in Shopify’s guide imports from @shopify/ui-extensions/preact, calls Preact’s render, and uses elements such as <s-stack>, <s-text-field>, and <s-button>. The shape demonstrates the runtime and element model; it is not proof that every old component accepts an equivalent property.
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| Inventory item | Migration action | Validation checkpoint |
|---|---|---|
| Legacy React or JavaScript UI component | Replace it with the documented Polaris web component. | Confirm the replacement is supported by the selected target and API version. |
| Component property | Translate the property using the component migration guide. | Check type, default value, and whether the property is still supported. |
| Callback event | Use the event model documented for the Polaris element. | Exercise success, validation, and cancellation paths. |
| Layout wrapper | Use the appropriate Polaris layout element, such as s-stack, where supported. |
Check spacing and nesting in the actual checkout surface. |
| Custom markup or styling | Rework the design using Shopify-provided elements and properties. | Confirm that no code relies on arbitrary HTML or CSS overrides. |
Search for components created indirectly through shared render helpers. A direct search for a tag may miss a factory, wrapper, or conditional branch that still returns a legacy component.
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Step 3: update dependencies and TypeScript
Use the supported Preact setup
For API versions 2025-10 and later, Shopify recommends Preact for UI extensions. The guide illustrates dependencies on preact, @preact/signals, and @shopify/ui-extensions. Those package versions are examples tied to the guide; resolve versions compatible with the API version and CLI you selected instead of copying them as timeless pins.
Keep the dependency change and component conversion in the same reviewable change set. Otherwise, a build can pass with one runtime while the deployed extension still loads another.
Add an extension-level TypeScript configuration
Shopify recommends an extension-level tsconfig.json configured for Preact JSX and including shopify.d.ts. Check the following items:
- The JSX factory and JSX import settings match the Preact runtime used by the extension.
- The extension’s source files are included, while generated or unrelated app files are excluded.
shopify.d.tsis included so TypeScript understands the globalshopifyobject generated by the CLI.- Strictness settings do not hide event or property mismatches introduced during conversion.
Run the extension’s type checker after each component group is migrated. Type errors around event payloads and element properties are useful migration signals, not noise to suppress globally.
Step 4: upgrade the Shopify CLI and move to the global API
Use a CLI that supports web components
Shopify’s newer CLI supports building extensions with web components. Upgrade the CLI according to Shopify’s current installation guidance, then run the app locally with shopify app dev. The development command generates a shopify.d.ts file in the extension directory for the global shopify object.
After upgrading, confirm that the generated declaration file is present and that the extension’s TypeScript configuration includes it. If the declaration is missing, first check that the command was run from the app workspace and that the extension is recognized by the CLI.
Replace callback-based API access
Legacy extension code may receive APIs through callback parameters or a framework-specific object. Shopify’s migration guide shows moving those calls to the global shopify object. For straightforward reads and writes, Shopify recommends the global object; some Preact hooks remain available as convenience wrappers.
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- Locate every function that receives checkout APIs as a callback argument.
- Identify the equivalent property or method on the generated global
shopifyobject. - Update the call site and its types together.
- Remove the obsolete callback parameter only after all callers have been converted.
- Test the call in a real extension target, including loading, mutation success, and mutation failure.
Do not infer that a hook and a global property have identical lifecycle behavior. Check the API reference for subscription, update timing, and error handling before choosing between them.
Step 5: migrate metafield access
Read cart metafields with the version-appropriate API
Metafield behavior is one of the reasons this migration is not a component rename. For API version 2026-04, Shopify says the metafields property is deprecated. Existing values should be read with shopify.appMetafields.
Update both the data access and the types that consume it. Check whether your code expects a single value, a list, a namespace/key pair, or a value that may not exist. Preserve the empty and error states explicitly rather than treating a missing metafield as a valid empty string.
Write and remove cart metafields with change types
For cart metafield mutations, use the updateCartMetafield and removeCartMetafield change types described by Shopify. Shopify also documents deprecations affecting useApplyMetafieldsChange() and older metafield change inputs, so inspect every mutation helper and not just the visible UI code.
- Find each call to
useApplyMetafieldsChange()and each older metafield change input. - Map the operation to the current cart-metafield change type.
- Verify namespace, key, type, and value handling.
- Handle rejected changes in the UI so a shopper is not shown a success state before the cart accepts the update.
- Re-test navigation and reload behavior to ensure the value is read back through the new API.
Preserve cart-to-order data when required
If a cart metafield must persist to the resulting order, Shopify requires the write_orders scope and a matching order metafield definition with the cart_to_order_copyable capability. Request the required metafields in the extension TOML configuration. This is a separate data-contract check: a successful cart write alone does not prove that the value will appear on the order.
Step 6: verify targets, capabilities, and rendering constraints
Match the target to the intended checkout location
A checkout UI extension combines a target, target APIs, and UI components. The target determines where the extension renders and which capabilities and components are available. Shopify groups targets into three useful categories:
- Block targets: merchant-positionable areas in the checkout or accounts editor.
- Runnable targets: event-driven functionality without a rendered user interface.
- Static targets: fixed-position user interface.
Recheck the target after changing the API version. A component that exists in the library may still be unavailable at a particular target, and a target API may expose different checkout data or actions than the code originally assumed.
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Check Shopify Plus restrictions precisely
Checkout extensions for the information, shipping, and payment steps are available only to Shopify Plus stores. This restriction applies to those checkout steps; do not generalize it to every checkout target. Confirm the target’s current reference and test with the store plan that will install the extension.
Design within the web-component boundary
Shopify-provided components enforce the checkout design system. Developers cannot override their CSS, access the real checkout DOM, or render arbitrary HTML. Shopify states: “Checkout UI extensions don’t have access to the real checkout DOM and can’t render arbitrary HTML.” The full web-component reference is available at Shopify’s Web components documentation.
During migration, remove assumptions such as querying checkout selectors, injecting style tags, attaching listeners to elements outside the extension, or returning arbitrary markup from a render helper. Recreate the required interaction with supported Polaris elements and target APIs.
Step 7: run a local review and test plan
Use the local development loop
Shopify instructs developers to compare changes against the migration guide and run the extension locally before publishing. Use shopify app dev, open each affected checkout path, and test the extension as a merchant and as a shopper where both views matter.
- Start the CLI development server and confirm the extension compiles with the selected API version.
- Open the target location in checkout and verify that the extension loads without console errors.
- Exercise every interactive control, including disabled, validation-error, loading, and success states.
- Navigate between checkout steps and reload the page to test state restoration.
- Read, update, and remove each relevant cart metafield.
- If order persistence is required, complete a test order and verify the copied order metafield.
- Test the extension on the store plan and target combination that will be supported in production.
- Review the generated bundle, type-check output, and CLI warnings before publishing.
Review AI-assisted conversions as code changes
Shopify’s June 11, 2026 changelog describes an AI Toolkit for React-to-Preact conversion, legacy-component replacement, and API updates. Shopify says it used the skills to migrate first-party extensions internally. That announcement does not establish a success rate, migration time, or performance gain for another codebase.
If you use the toolkit, treat its output as a draft. Compare every component mapping with the relevant migration page, inspect event semantics, verify target support, review API and metafield behavior, and run the complete local test plan. Keep the generated diff small enough that a reviewer can trace each old API to its replacement.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Manual conversion or AI-assisted conversion?
| Starting point | Best first action | Main review focus |
|---|---|---|
| React-based checkout UI extension | Set the target API version, adopt the Preact/web-component runtime, and map components individually. | JSX, props, events, lifecycle behavior, and target availability. |
| JavaScript extension using legacy APIs | Inventory callback APIs and data access before changing rendered elements. | Global shopify calls, runtime assumptions, and error handling. |
| Already on Preact and web components | Compare the extension’s API version and deprecated data APIs with the selected target. | Metafield changes, CLI declarations, and version-specific deprecations. |
| Large or repetitive codebase | Use the Shopify AI Toolkit only as an assisted conversion, then review and test the diff. | Incorrect one-to-one mappings, event changes, unsupported targets, and hidden legacy calls. |
A manual migration offers the clearest control over behavior. AI assistance can reduce mechanical editing, but neither approach removes the need to verify target capabilities, API semantics, and checkout behavior.
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Troubleshooting common migration failures
The build cannot find shopify
Run shopify app dev from the app workspace so the CLI can generate shopify.d.ts. Confirm that the file exists in the extension directory and is included by the extension-level tsconfig.json. If the declaration is generated in a different location, correct the include path rather than adding an untyped global.
A component renders but an event does nothing
Recheck the component migration page for the event name and payload. Legacy React callback names and Polaris custom-element events are not guaranteed to match. Add temporary logging around the event handler, test keyboard and pointer activation, and verify that the handler is attached to the Polaris element rather than an inaccessible checkout DOM node.
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Styles no longer match the old extension
Do not restore the old result by overriding component CSS or injecting arbitrary markup. Polaris components intentionally constrain styling. Rebuild the layout with supported elements and properties, then verify spacing and hierarchy in the target checkout surface.
Metafield data is empty after the upgrade
Check the selected API version’s metafield guidance. For 2026-04, read through shopify.appMetafields rather than the deprecated metafields property. Confirm that the extension requests the needed metafields in TOML, that namespace and key values are unchanged, and that the code handles an absent value separately from a failed request.
The extension works in one checkout area but not another
Inspect the target reference and plan requirements. Targets determine component and capability availability, and information, shipping, and payment step extensions require Shopify Plus. A successful test in one target does not establish support in another.
The app cannot be updated after the version change
Run the current CLI and inspect its version and update diagnostics. Because Shopify’s announced October 1, 2026 restriction for 2025-07 or older extensions is now past, do not rely on an old deadline description. Upgrade the affected extension to a currently supported API version, then repeat build and local review checks.
Quick Recap
Release checklist
- Every extension has a deliberately selected, currently supported
api_version. - No React-based UI component remains where the selected version requires Polaris web components.
- Each replacement element’s properties and events match its migration documentation.
- Preact dependencies, JSX settings, and
shopify.d.tsare aligned. - Callback-based API access has been reviewed and moved to the global
shopifyobject where appropriate. - Deprecated metafield reads and writes have been replaced for the selected version.
- Required metafield declarations, scopes, and cart-to-order capabilities are configured.
- Targets, capabilities, and Shopify Plus requirements match the intended stores.
- No code depends on checkout DOM access, arbitrary HTML, or CSS overrides.
- Local tests cover rendering, events, navigation, reloads, errors, and metafield persistence.
- Any AI-generated changes have received a human code review against Shopify’s migration pages.
Official references
- Upgrade to the latest API version and Polaris web components
- Polaris web components migration guides now available for Checkout and Customer Account UI extensions (May 13, 2026)
- Checkout UI extensions, API version 2025-07
- Web components, API version 2026-01
- Shopify AI Toolkit for upgrading extensions to Polaris web components (June 11, 2026)
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