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The safest ProcessWire migration is a controlled copy, not a fresh installation: freeze content, export the complete database, copy the entire document root (including /wire, /site, index.php and .htaccess), recreate the required PHP and database stack, update /site/config.php, test on the new VPS, and only then change DNS. Keep the old server untouched until the new copy has passed your rollback period.
This procedure applies whether you are moving between VPS providers, changing operating systems, or moving from a development server to production. It assumes you can administer both servers and have access to DNS, the database, TLS certificates and scheduled jobs.
What must move in a ProcessWire migration
A ProcessWire site is made of application code, site-specific code and data. Leaving out any one of these can produce a site that appears to load but fails in the admin, loses images, or breaks custom functionality.
| Item | Why it matters |
|---|---|
/wire |
The ProcessWire core and its bundled modules. |
/site |
Your configuration, templates, custom modules, stylesheets, scripts, cache files, uploaded assets and other site-specific files. |
Root index.php |
The front controller that boots ProcessWire. |
.htaccess and other server rules |
Rewrite, security and access behavior, particularly on Apache. |
| Database dump | Pages, fields, users, settings and other content stored in MySQL or MariaDB. |
| Operational settings | Cron jobs, mail delivery, TLS certificates, environment variables, API keys and any external integrations. |
ProcessWire’s directory documentation describes /wire as the installation and module directory and /site as the directory containing everything unique to a site. Treat both as production data. Do not copy only templates or only uploaded files.
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1. Inventory the current server and schedule a freeze
Before changing anything, create a written inventory. It becomes your migration checklist and gives you a way to reproduce the old environment if the move fails.
Record versions and services
- Operating system and architecture.
- PHP version, enabled extensions and the PHP configuration used by the web server and command line.
- Database engine, version, character set and collation.
- Web server, virtual-host configuration, rewrite rules and document-root path.
- ProcessWire version, custom modules and any code outside the normal document root.
- Cron schedules, queue workers and command-line scripts.
- TLS certificate method and renewal job.
- Mail transport, sender domains and SMTP credentials.
- External services such as payment, search, storage, webhooks and monitoring.
Lower DNS TTL when appropriate
If your DNS provider permits it, lower the record TTL ahead of the move so resolvers will refresh the address sooner. TTL reduction is not a guarantee that every resolver will switch immediately, so plan for a period in which some visitors still reach the old VPS.
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Freeze content for the final copy
Arrange a short maintenance or content freeze. The final database export and the final file synchronization must describe the same state. If editors can upload images or change pages while you are exporting, the database and assets can diverge.
2. Build a compatible destination VPS
Install the destination operating system and web stack before copying the site. ProcessWire’s official installation requirements specify a Unix- or Windows-based server running Apache or a 100% compatible server, PHP 8.x as the recommended branch, PDO database support, MySQL 5.6 or newer (equivalent MariaDB versions are supported), Apache mod_rewrite and .htaccess support, and PHP GD2 or ImageMagick for image processing.
| Component | Requirement or decision | Migration check |
|---|---|---|
| Web server | Apache is the officially documented path. Nginx or another server is possible only with an equivalent, deliberately reviewed configuration. | Confirm rewrites, request routing, access restrictions and PHP handling before the site is public. |
| PHP | PHP 8.x is recommended; match the source version first when possible, then plan upgrades separately. | Compare loaded extensions and the PHP configuration used by web requests. |
| Database | MySQL 5.6+ or a compatible MariaDB release. | Confirm the PDO driver, authentication method, character set and collation. |
| Image processing | GD2 or ImageMagick. | Generate a test image variation and inspect upload permissions. |
| Storage | Enough capacity for the document root, database, logs, backups and growth. | Check free space and inode capacity, not just the advertised disk size. |
Apache versus Nginx
With Apache, transfer the existing .htaccess and verify that rewrite support is enabled for the virtual host. With Nginx, .htaccess is not read; translate its behavior into the server configuration and review every rule for security. ProcessWire’s official support is for Apache, so a non-Apache deployment requires you to maintain the equivalent configuration yourself.
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Match the source before changing versions
A migration is easier to diagnose when the destination initially matches the source PHP and database versions. After the site is stable, upgrade one component at a time with a separate backup and test cycle. A simultaneous PHP, database and ProcessWire upgrade makes it difficult to identify the cause of a failure.
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ProcessWire’s upgrade guidance is explicit: “Backup your database and backup all the files in your site (ensuring you can revert if needed).” Make two independent copies when the site is important, and store at least one copy outside the old VPS.
Export the database consistently
- Stop writes by enabling maintenance mode or enforcing the scheduled content freeze.
- Record the database name, user, host, engine, version, character set and collation.
- Create a consistent dump with your database administration tool. A typical MySQL command is
mysqldump --single-transaction --routines --triggers -u processwire_db_user -p processwire_database > processwire_database.sql. Use options appropriate to your engine and confirm the command completed without errors. - Compress the dump if desired, then calculate a checksum such as SHA-256 and record it with the backup date.
- Test that the dump is readable by importing it into a temporary database on the destination or another isolated server.
--single-transaction is suitable for common transactional tables, but it does not freeze every possible table type or external write process. Follow your database engine’s consistency guidance for unusual schemas.
Archive every site file
- Archive the complete document root, including hidden files. Ensure
.htaccess, deployment files and any project-level configuration are included. - Include
/wire,/site, the rootindex.php, custom modules, uploaded assets and any files referenced by cron or deployment scripts. - Preserve symbolic links where they are intentional, but inspect them so you do not archive a link that points outside the backup.
- Generate and record a checksum for the archive.
- Copy the archive to storage that does not depend on the old VPS. Encrypt it when it contains credentials or private uploads.
Do not rely only on a provider snapshot. A snapshot is useful for rapid rollback, but an independently restorable database dump and file archive protect you from a corrupted snapshot, an account mistake or loss of access to the provider.
4. Transfer the ProcessWire files
Copy the archive to the destination and extract it into the intended document root. If you use a synchronization tool instead, include hidden files and preserve timestamps, permissions and symbolic links. Transfer over an encrypted channel such as SSH.
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Set ownership and permissions
Make the web-server user the owner of directories that ProcessWire must write, such as site assets and caches, while keeping application code and configuration as restrictive as the application allows. The exact user and group depend on the operating system and web server. Avoid making the whole document root world-writable. Verify that /site/config.php and any files containing credentials cannot be downloaded or read by unrelated system users.
Clear caches only when appropriate
Cache files can be rebuilt, but deleting them during a live migration can create unnecessary load or remove useful diagnostics. Follow the site’s normal cache procedure after the copy. Do not delete uploaded assets or generated image variations unless you have confirmed they can be regenerated and the originals are safely backed up.
5. Create and import the destination database
- Create an empty database with the intended character set and collation.
- Create a dedicated database user with only the privileges the site needs. Grant access from the destination web server’s host or local socket rather than from every address.
- Confirm that PHP’s PDO extension and the correct MySQL or MariaDB PDO driver are enabled for web requests, not merely for the command line.
- Import the verified dump and watch for errors, truncated statements, collation warnings or authentication failures.
- Check representative tables and row counts, then run a read-only application test before allowing writes.
Keep the source database intact. Do not drop it, revoke its access or shut down the old VPS until the new site has passed the agreed rollback period.
6. Update /site/config.php for the new environment
ProcessWire’s configuration reference specifically notes that moving between servers requires updating the new host name or host names in /site/config.php. Change only environment-specific values; preserve site-specific settings that are still valid.
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| Allowed host names | Replace the old domain, temporary test host and any host allow-list entries as needed. Keep a controlled temporary hostname while testing, then remove it if it should not remain valid. |
| Database connection | Database name, user, password, host or socket, port, driver and any SSL requirements. |
| Filesystem paths | Absolute paths that changed with the new document root, home directory or deployment layout. |
| HTTPS behavior | Flags or proxy settings that determine whether ProcessWire sees a secure request, especially behind a TLS-terminating load balancer. |
| Environment secrets | API keys, mail credentials, payment settings and other values that differ between staging and production. |
| Debugging | Use a controlled debug setting during testing; disable verbose output before public traffic if it could expose paths, queries or credentials. |
Keep secrets out of publicly readable files and confirm the web server cannot serve config.php as plain text. If your deployment uses environment variables or a secret store, update those values as well as the ProcessWire configuration that reads them.
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7. Test the new VPS before changing DNS
Use a temporary hostname, a protected staging address or a local hosts-file override that maps the production domain to the new VPS. Test through the same HTTPS and PHP path that real visitors will use.
Functional test checklist
- Open representative public pages, paginated listings and error pages.
- Log in to the ProcessWire admin and edit, publish and unpublish a test page.
- Upload an image and a document, confirm permissions, and verify generated image variations.
- Submit every important form and confirm validation, storage and mail delivery.
- Test search, redirects, canonical URLs, sitemap generation and any feed endpoints.
- Run scheduled jobs manually, then confirm their cron entries and working directories.
- Exercise third-party integrations, webhooks and outbound API calls with safe test data.
- Verify HTTP-to-HTTPS redirects, certificate coverage, renewal automation and mixed-content behavior.
- Inspect PHP, web-server and database logs while performing these actions.
Check performance and capacity
Confirm that the new VPS has enough memory and CPU for normal PHP workers and image processing. Watch disk usage, database connection limits, process limits and log growth during the test. A page that loads once does not prove that concurrent requests, image generation or scheduled work will remain healthy.
Check security boundaries
- Only required ports are exposed.
- SSH uses your intended keys, users and firewall rules.
- Database access is not open to the public internet unless there is a documented reason and additional protection.
- Writable directories are writable by the web process but not broadly writable.
- Backups and log files are outside the public document root or explicitly denied by the server.
8. Perform the DNS cutover
- Announce the final short content freeze and stop administrative writes on the old site.
- Take a final database dump and synchronize files changed since the first transfer, especially uploaded assets.
- Import the final dump into the destination database and repeat the smoke tests.
- Point the relevant DNS records to the new VPS. Include both IPv4 and IPv6 records if you use them; an overlooked AAAA record can send some visitors to the old server.
- Issue or renew TLS certificates on the new server and verify every required hostname.
- Watch access, PHP, database and system logs as traffic moves. Test admin operations from an external network.
- Keep the old VPS online, with its data preserved, until traffic, scheduled jobs, mail and backups have remained healthy for the agreed rollback period.
During propagation, visitors may reach either server. Keep the old site read-only or otherwise prevent divergent edits. If both servers must accept writes, you need a deliberate replication strategy; a simple file copy and DNS change is not multi-primary synchronization.
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Decide the rollback trigger before cutover: for example, unrecoverable database errors, broken administration, failed payments or sustained 5xx responses. If the trigger is met, point DNS back to the old VPS, restore the old write path and document any changes made during the interval. Do not attempt an improvised reverse migration while users are still writing to both systems.
Retain the final pre-cutover database dump and file archive. They define the known-good state and let you rebuild the destination without relying on a partially modified copy.
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Troubleshooting common migration failures
The site shows a 500 error or a blank page
Check the PHP and web-server error logs first. Common causes are a missing PHP extension, an incompatible PHP version, incorrect file ownership, a missing rewrite rule or a fatal error in a custom module. Temporarily enable controlled debugging for an authenticated test request, fix the underlying issue, then disable verbose output.
Every URL except the home page returns 404
Verify Apache mod_rewrite, .htaccess support and the virtual-host setting that permits overrides. On Nginx, inspect the translated location and fallback rules; copying .htaccess alone has no effect.
The admin cannot connect to the database
Recheck the database host, port, name, user and password in /site/config.php. Confirm the user is allowed from the web server’s address, the PDO driver is loaded for web requests, and the database service is listening on the expected socket or interface.
Images or uploads fail
Check that the relevant /site directories exist, have suitable ownership and permissions, and have enough disk space. Confirm GD2 or ImageMagick is installed and that the PHP memory and upload limits are adequate for the site’s files.
HTTPS redirects loop or links use the wrong scheme
Inspect TLS termination and proxy headers. ProcessWire must be told accurately when the original visitor connection was HTTPS. Check canonical-host settings and remove stale host names from configuration.
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Pages look current but uploaded files are missing
The database and files were likely copied at different times, or the asset directory was omitted. Restore the complete /site tree and perform a final synchronized copy during a content freeze.
Cron jobs run twice or not at all
Compare the old and new crontabs, command paths, PHP binary paths, environment variables and working directories. Disable the old scheduler only after the new one is confirmed, and ensure both servers are not processing the same queue during DNS propagation.
How to choose the new VPS
Technical compatibility is only the starting point. ProcessWire’s documentation does not rank hosting providers or publish current provider prices, so evaluate the operating characteristics that affect this migration and the next restore.
Quick Recap
| Decision axis | Questions to ask |
|---|---|
| Version control | Can you select and pin PHP and database versions, and change them on your schedule? |
| Server configuration | Do you have access to Apache or Nginx configuration, rewrite rules, firewall and TLS settings? |
| Storage and I/O | Are disk capacity, IOPS and inode limits sufficient for uploads, image processing, logs and backups? |
| Snapshots and backups | Are backups encrypted, retained long enough, stored separately and restorable without opening a support ticket? |
| Region and latency | Is the server near your users and critical external services? |
| IPv4 and IPv6 | Are both address types available and manageable in DNS and firewall rules? |
| Monitoring | Can you monitor uptime, disk, memory, CPU, certificates, database health and scheduled jobs? |
| Support and recovery | What is the support response time, and how long does a replacement or restore actually take? |
| Total cost | Include the VPS, backups, snapshots, extra storage, IPv4 charges, bandwidth, support and egress. |
Post-migration operating checklist
- Schedule automated database and file backups and perform a test restore.
- Record the new server’s versions, paths, users, firewall rules and recovery steps.
- Set monitoring alerts for uptime, disk space, certificate expiry, database errors and failed cron jobs.
- Review ProcessWire and custom-module compatibility before future PHP or database upgrades.
- Keep the old VPS available only for the documented rollback period, then decommission it by securely removing credentials, snapshots and residual data.
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