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Use two separate capture operations inside the agent’s isolated Space: open the URL in the task’s browser context, inspect the loaded state, save a full-page screenshot as full-page.png, then export a PDF as page.pdf. Return those exact workspace paths to the caller. A screenshot is a tall raster image; a PDF is a separate, paginated document and must be generated with the PDF command.

The isolation boundary comes from the Space or sandbox runtime. It gives the agent a per-task browser or container, filesystem access for generated files, and controlled access to external systems without mixing the task’s cookies, storage, or artifacts with another task.

What the workflow produces

For each URL, the agent should return two independent artifacts:

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  • full-page.png (or another image extension): a raster image covering the complete scrollable page rather than only the visible viewport.
  • page.pdf: a PDF produced by the browser’s print/export path, with pagination and print layout.

Do not treat PDF export as a second image format. Playwright exposes screenshot and PDF as different CLI commands, so the reliable sequence is navigation and inspection, followed by one screenshot call and one PDF call.

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Why use an isolated Space or sandbox

An isolated runtime gives an AI agent a bounded place to browse, execute commands, and write files. OpenAI describes a sandbox as an isolated, Unix-like execution environment with a filesystem, shell, installed packages, exposed ports, snapshots, and controlled access to external systems. A Space implementation can additionally give the task its own browser context. In ego (lite)’s terminology, a Space is a parallel workspace carved out for an AI agent, with one isolated BrowserContext per task.

That separation matters when several agents work at once. Cookies and local storage from one task do not become the state of another, and the generated image and PDF stay in the task workspace until the agent reports or transfers them. Isolation is an execution boundary, not a guarantee that every website is reachable: outbound access remains subject to the sandbox’s controls and the target site’s own loading behavior.

Prerequisites and a predictable workspace

  • An active Space or sandbox with the browser agent and Playwright CLI available.
  • The target URL and any credentials, cookies, or headers the site legitimately requires.
  • A writable workspace directory. Use fixed names so a caller can retrieve the results without parsing a generated filename.
  • A policy for external access. The sandbox may restrict domains, ports, or network requests, and a site may still time out, show a bot check, or return a blank page.

Create or select a working directory before navigation. The agent should keep the screenshot and PDF in that directory and report paths such as /workspace/full-page.png and /workspace/page.pdf, using the actual workspace root supplied by the Space.

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Step-by-step capture procedure

1. Start or attach to the isolated task

Provision the Space or attach the agent to an existing task. Confirm that the browser context and filesystem belong to this task, not a shared host session. If your platform exposes a task identifier, include it in the agent’s internal run record so artifact paths can be associated with the correct job.

2. Open the URL

Navigate to the requested URL in the task’s browser context. Follow redirects and wait for the page to reach the state the requester wants captured. A URL that returns HTTP content is not necessarily ready for a screenshot: client-side rendering, lazy images, consent dialogs, and asynchronous data can change the page after the initial response.

3. Inspect before capturing

Take an accessibility snapshot or equivalent structural inspection. The snapshot helps the agent verify that the expected heading, form, product area, or other landmark is present; the screenshot supplies visual evidence. If the page is still loading, perform the required wait, click, form fill, or scroll before creating either artifact.

4. Set the intended state

Complete any legitimate interaction needed for the requested view. Examples include accepting a consent dialog, signing in with supplied credentials, expanding a section, selecting a tab, or scrolling far enough to trigger lazy content. Keep this state in the isolated BrowserContext so it is not reused by an unrelated task.

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5. Save the full-page image

Use the documented Playwright CLI screenshot command with the full-page flag and an explicit filename:

playwright-cli screenshot --full-page --filename=full-page.png

The --full-page option asks Playwright to capture the complete scrollable page instead of only the viewport. The output is a raster image. Use PNG when preserving text edges and transparency is important; choose another format only when your CLI version and downstream workflow explicitly support it.

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6. Export the PDF separately

Run the PDF command after the screenshot operation, preserving a different filename:

playwright-cli pdf --filename=page.pdf

PDF output follows the browser’s print-oriented layout and pagination. It is not simply the PNG embedded in a document, so its page breaks, paper dimensions, margins, and print styling can differ from the tall image.

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7. Verify and report both files

Check that both files exist, have non-zero size, and are in the expected task workspace. Report explicit paths, for example:

full-page.png
page.pdf

If your orchestration layer uses absolute paths, return those instead. Do not report a path from a temporary browser cache when the caller expects a workspace artifact.

Choose the capture scope deliberately

The correct scope depends on what the requester needs. MCP screenshot tooling supports viewport, element, and full-page capture.

Scope Result Use it when Constraint
Viewport Only the currently visible browser area You need a hero view, dashboard panel, or exact above-the-fold state Content below the fold is omitted
Selected element The bounds of one element identified by a selector You need a card, chart, invoice, or component rather than the whole document The target element cannot be combined with fullPage
Full page The complete scrollable document as one tall raster image You need an archival visual of the entire page Very long pages can create large, unwieldy images

Decide between element and full-page capture before calling the tool. If a selector is supplied, remove the full-page option; if the requirement is the whole document, omit the element target.

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Screenshot versus PDF

Decision Full-page screenshot PDF
Artifact Tall raster image Paginated document
Primary command playwright-cli screenshot --full-page playwright-cli pdf
Best for Visual regression, image review, a single long canvas Printing, document exchange, page-by-page reading
Scope Complete scrollable page when full-page is selected Browser print/export output
Resolution model CSS-pixel layout rendered into image pixels; high-resolution output depends on the browser/device settings Print-oriented layout with page size and pagination
Filename example full-page.png page.pdf

Generate both when the downstream consumer has different needs. A visual-diff system usually wants the image, while a person who must print or annotate the result generally wants the PDF.

Handling page state, lazy content, and authentication

Lazy-loaded images and sections

Full-page capture does not automatically prove that every lazy resource was rendered. Inspect the page and trigger the required scrolling or waiting behavior first. If a section appears only after an interaction, perform that interaction before both capture calls so the image and PDF represent the same state.

Consent, dialogs, and overlays

A cookie banner, newsletter dialog, or chat overlay can obscure content. The agent should inspect for overlays and dismiss them when the task permits. Because the screenshot and PDF are separate operations, perform the dismissal once in the shared task context and then run both commands without resetting the page.

Cookies and storage

Use the task’s isolated BrowserContext for login state and preferences. This keeps cookies and local storage separate per task. Do not copy another task’s storage unless the user has authorized that transfer and the platform provides a safe mechanism for it.

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Dynamic or personalized pages

Record the state you intended to capture: viewport, logged-in account context, selected tab, and any interaction performed. A later run may differ because the page itself changed, not because the capture command changed.

Making the agent return usable artifacts

Give the agent a small result contract. It should return:

  1. The final URL after redirects, when available.
  2. The image path and file type.
  3. The PDF path.
  4. The state or interaction used, such as “signed in, consent accepted, report tab open.”
  5. Any failure classification, including timeout, bot check, blank page, or blocked external access.

Use deterministic names for a single capture. For concurrent jobs, place each pair in a task-specific directory, such as /workspace/<task-id>/full-page.png and /workspace/<task-id>/page.pdf. The angle-bracket notation is a path variable, not a literal filename.

Troubleshooting

The screenshot contains only the visible viewport

Cause: the full-page option was omitted or a viewport capture was requested.

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Fix: run playwright-cli screenshot --full-page --filename=full-page.png. If using an MCP tool, set its full-page option and do not supply an element target at the same time.

The element capture and full-page request conflict

Cause: an element selector and fullPage describe incompatible scopes.

Fix: choose one: remove the selector for a whole-page image, or remove fullPage for the selected element.

The image is missing content below the fold

Cause: lazy loading, an uncompleted client-side render, or a section that requires interaction.

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Fix: inspect the page, scroll or interact to trigger the content, wait for the intended state, and then repeat both capture operations.

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Cause: screenshot and PDF are separate commands; the screenshot call does not create a PDF.

Fix: run playwright-cli pdf --filename=page.pdf in the same browser state and verify the resulting path.

The page is blank or times out

Cause: the target failed to load, external access is restricted, a required resource is unavailable, or the site returned a bot check.

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Fix: inspect the page before capturing, classify the failure, and report it instead of returning an apparently valid empty artifact. Check the sandbox’s allowed external access and the target URL, then retry only when the failure is transient and policy permits.

A bot check or CAPTCHA blocks the page

Cause: the site requires an interaction or verification that the automated context cannot complete.

Fix: do not claim a successful capture. Return the blocked status and the paths only if valid files were actually produced.

The files cannot be found by the caller

Cause: the agent saved them in a browser temporary directory or reported relative paths from a different working directory.

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Fix: save directly into the task workspace, verify existence there, and return absolute or workspace-relative paths consistently.

Performance and reliability practices

  • Reuse one page state for both artifacts. Navigate and interact once, then issue the screenshot and PDF commands without resetting the context.
  • Wait for meaningful readiness. An accessibility snapshot or page landmark is a better readiness check than an arbitrary short delay, especially on client-rendered pages.
  • Keep names deterministic. Stable filenames simplify retrieval and make retries predictable.
  • Separate retries from bad targets. Retry a transient timeout only when the page may reasonably recover; classify bot checks, blank responses, and blocked domains explicitly.
  • Expect large outputs for long pages. A full-page raster can be very tall, while a PDF can contain many pages. Transfer and storage limits belong in the job design even though no universal size or speed figure is established here.
  • Preserve context details. Record the viewport and interaction state so a later comparison is meaningful.
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FAQ

Can one Playwright command create both the image and PDF?

No. Use the screenshot command and the PDF command as two operations, keeping the same page state between them.

Should I use an accessibility snapshot or a screenshot to understand the page?

Use the snapshot to inspect structure and confirm that the intended content loaded; use the screenshot for visual evidence. They answer different questions and complement each other.

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What should an agent do when a site blocks automation?

Classify the result as blocked rather than returning an unverified capture. Report the bot check, CAPTCHA, timeout, or blank-page condition and preserve only artifacts that genuinely exist.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can one Playwright command create both the image and PDF?

No. Use the screenshot command and the PDF command as two operations, keeping the same page state between them.

Should I use an accessibility snapshot or a screenshot to understand the page?

Use the snapshot to inspect structure and confirm that the intended content loaded; use the screenshot for visual evidence. They answer different questions and complement each other.

What should an agent do when a site blocks automation?

Classify the result as blocked rather than returning an unverified capture. Report the bot check, CAPTCHA, timeout, or blank-page condition and preserve only artifacts that genuinely exist.

Special offer. See more information about Outbyte and uninstall instructions. Please review EULA and Privacy policy.

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