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First identify what was exposed: a long-term Amazon Bedrock API key, a short-term Bedrock API key, an IAM access key, or temporary role-session credentials. Those credentials have different revocation controls. Use a separate, unaffected AWS identity to investigate and make changes; AWS requires AWS credentials—not a Bedrock API key—to perform Bedrock API-key management actions. AWS responds to incidents in the Bedrock service itself, while you are responsible for containing compromise in your accounts, identities, applications, and agent workloads.
Start with a controlled triage
Treat a suspected leak as an active incident until you establish that the credential was unusable, expired, or never reached an unauthorized party. Do not paste the secret into tickets, chat, log searches, screenshots, or investigation notes. Record the minimum facts needed to coordinate the response:
- When and how the disclosure was discovered.
- The AWS account and Regions that may be involved.
- The agent, application, role, user, or workload identity associated with the credential.
- The credential type and owner.
- Where it appeared—for example, source code, configuration, logs, a build artifact, a support case, or a third-party service.
- The earliest plausible exposure time and the last time the credential was known to be protected.
Assign an incident owner and an evidence owner. Make changes from a trusted administrative identity that was not exposed through the same system. If the suspected secret is the only administrator credential you have, use your organization’s documented break-glass process rather than trying to administer the incident with the secret itself.
Amazon Web Services describes the customer’s role in Incident response in Amazon Bedrock: AWS handles security incidents affecting the Bedrock service, while customers handle security decisions and response in their own cloud environment and workloads.
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Identify the credential before revoking anything
Read the exposed value’s source and the code that consumes it, but do not copy the value into a new record. A label such as “Bedrock key” is not enough: a presigned short-term key, an IAM access key, and an agent role session can all be used by Bedrock-related code but require different containment.
| Credential type | What AWS documents | Primary containment decision | Typical availability impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Long-term Bedrock API key | Can be made inactive, reset to issue a new password, or deleted. IAM policies can also remove its permissions. | Choose temporary deactivation, reset-and-replace, or deletion according to the incident plan. | Calls using that key stop or fail until a replacement is deployed; the effect can be limited to that key. |
| Short-term Bedrock API key | A presigned URL that inherits the credentials and expiration of the session that created it. It cannot be individually deactivated, reset, or deleted. | Invalidate the originating IAM session or deny that identity the ability to call Bedrock with an API key, after assessing other uses of the session or identity. | Session- or identity-wide controls can interrupt other work that relies on the same session or principal. |
| IAM user access key | An IAM credential, not a Bedrock API key. It must be handled with IAM incident-response controls for that user and its policies. | Contain the IAM principal and its effective permissions, then rotate or remove the access key through your IAM process. | May affect every service and application using the user, not only Bedrock. |
| Temporary role or session credentials | Normally expire after a limited lifetime, but AWS says responders may still need to alter effective permissions when a security event occurs before expiration. | Change the principal’s effective permissions or invalidate the session where your identity and session design supports it. | Can affect all operations made through that role session. |
The distinctions and the available Bedrock-key actions are documented in Handle compromised long-term and short-term Amazon Bedrock API keys. For IAM and temporary credentials, use the controls described in the AWS Security Incident Response User Guide (version dated October 7, 2026).
Contain a long-term Amazon Bedrock API key
A long-term key has a direct key-level response. AWS states: “If your API key becomes compromised, you should revoke permissions to use it.” Select the least disruptive action that still removes the attacker’s usable path, and assume the key may have been copied wherever it was exposed.
Deactivate when you need a reversible stop
Make the key inactive to block calls while you determine scope and prepare a replacement. This preserves the key record for investigation and gives you a controlled way to restore service only if the key is later proven safe. Do not reactivate it merely because an application is failing; deploy a replacement instead when compromise is credible.
Reset when the application needs a new secret
Reset the key to generate a new password, then update every consumer through a controlled deployment. Locate copies in application configuration, secret stores, CI/CD variables, container definitions, notebooks, local developer files, and logs. A reset is not complete until old copies have been removed or rendered unusable and the updated application has been verified.
Delete when the key should never return
Delete the key when it is no longer required, when ownership is unclear, or when your response plan calls for permanent removal. Before deletion, preserve the metadata and relevant audit records needed for the investigation; do not preserve the secret value.
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Remove permissions with IAM policy changes
AWS also documents IAM policy changes that remove the ability to use long-term or short-term Bedrock API keys. This can provide a broader block when key-level action is insufficient, but check whether the policy affects legitimate agents or other applications that share the same identity. Make the change from your trusted administrative identity, not from the suspected Bedrock key.
Contain a short-term Amazon Bedrock API key
A short-term Bedrock API key is a presigned URL. It inherits the credentials and expiration of the IAM session that generated it, so there is no independent key object to deactivate, reset, or delete. Treat the underlying session and identity as the containment target.
- Identify the IAM principal and session that generated the presigned key, plus its expiration time.
- Determine whether the session is still valid and what other workloads use the same role or identity.
- Invalidate the IAM session where your session design and AWS controls support that action, or deny the originating identity the ability to call Bedrock with an API key.
- Assess and communicate the effect on every workload that shares the session or identity; do not assume the impact is limited to one agent.
- Replace the affected session or identity through a controlled deployment after the exposure path is fixed.
Allowing the presigned URL to expire can end its usability, but expiration alone is not a sufficient response when the session remains active, the exposure window is uncertain, or an attacker may use the credential before expiry. Follow the short-term-key guidance in AWS’s Bedrock API-key documentation.
Contain IAM access keys and temporary role credentials
Do not apply Bedrock API-key instructions to an IAM user access key or temporary role credentials. Identify the principal, its attached and inline policies, permission boundaries, session policies, trust relationships, and any workloads that depend on it. Then apply your IAM incident process to remove the attacker’s effective permissions and rotate or replace the credential.
A temporary credential normally has a limited lifetime, but waiting for expiry can leave an active attacker window. AWS’s Security Incident Response User Guide notes that when temporary credentials are involved before expiration, responders may need to alter their effective permissions. The exact action depends on how the principal and session were created; preserve the role and session context for forensics unless retaining it would create unacceptable risk.
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- For an IAM user access key, restrict or remove the user’s effective permissions and rotate or delete the exposed key according to your identity policy.
- For assumed-role credentials, contain the role or session without assuming that deleting an application or agent automatically invalidates every copied credential.
- For a shared role, identify all legitimate consumers before attaching a restrictive policy, and plan a replacement identity for unaffected workloads.
Isolate the affected agent without destroying evidence
If an agent role or workload identity is suspected, containment should stop new harmful actions while preserving the material investigators need. The AWS Agentic AI Lens describes one pattern: take a forensic snapshot, attach a deny-all policy to the agent role while retaining the role for analysis, and broadcast a quarantine event to dependent workflows.
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- Snapshot. Capture agent memory, active sessions, and pending operations to an evidence-controlled Amazon S3 location. Record timestamps, the role or identity involved, and the systems that produced each artifact.
- Deny. Attach a deny-all policy to the agent IAM role to prevent additional actions while keeping the role and its relationships available for analysis. Validate that your emergency policy is scoped to the intended role and account.
- Quarantine. Publish a quarantine event through Amazon EventBridge so dependent workflows can stop accepting new work, cancel unsafe downstream actions, or require human approval.
- Validate. Check that the deny takes effect in every relevant Region and that queued jobs, asynchronous tools, and external integrations cannot continue through a different identity.
This is an AWS reference pattern, not a universal cleanup command. Adapt it to your response plan, orchestration system, data-retention rules, and safety requirements. Deleting an agent does not, by itself, prove that credentials copied into another service have been revoked or that pending operations have disappeared. The pattern is described in AGENTSEC07-BP04 Behavioral anomaly detection and agent containment.
Preserve logs and investigate possible use
Once immediate use is contained, establish what the credential did and whether the activity was authorized. Review the suspected exposure window and compare observed activity with the agent’s expected Regions, source addresses, API operations, call volume, and normal schedule.
Use CloudTrail with its actual coverage in mind
CloudTrail console event history provides 90 days of management-event history, according to AWS, but it is not a permanent record and does not include every possible event type. Missing an event in console history is therefore not proof that no activity occurred. Confirm which trails existed, which Regions and event types they covered, and whether data events or other needed records were enabled at the time.
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Check GuardDuty findings
Review GuardDuty findings for suspicious activity involving the account, principal, and Regions in question. AWS’s Bedrock incident-response guidance gives examples such as suspicious use of Bedrock APIs to remove Guardrails or to change an S3 bucket used for model-training data. Treat a finding as an investigation lead: correlate it with CloudTrail records, identity sessions, resource changes, and the known exposure time.
Correlate carefully
- Separate confirmed calls made with the exposed credential from activity that merely occurred in the same account or time window.
- Compare source addresses and user agents with the normal agent runtime, build systems, and operator access paths.
- Look for permission changes, new resources, modified S3 policies, altered Guardrails, unexpected model calls, and unusual data movement.
- Preserve original timestamps and log files under your organization’s chain-of-custody process.
- Record uncertainty explicitly when logging was not enabled or retention has expired.
Do not claim that a particular Bedrock event must appear in CloudTrail unless the required logging configuration and event type are confirmed.
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Eradicate the exposure and recover in stages
Containment prevents additional unauthorized activity; eradication removes the cause and unauthorized changes; recovery returns the service under validated controls. Keep those decisions separate so that restoring availability does not accidentally reopen the leak.
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- Deploy the replacement deliberately. Update consumers through a reviewed deployment. Confirm that every replica, worker, scheduled job, notebook, and regional deployment received the change.
- Verify the old credential. Where feasible, test that the old long-term key is inactive, reset, deleted, or denied, and that the old IAM credential no longer has effective permissions. Do not test a suspected secret from an untrusted machine.
- Remove unauthorized changes. Review and revert unexpected policies, roles, resources, S3 changes, Guardrail changes, agent instructions, and workflow destinations after preserving evidence.
- Restore the agent gradually. Re-enable the role or workflow only after the responsible team validates permissions, dependent systems, logging, alerting, and required human approvals. Start with a limited canary or controlled workload when your architecture permits it.
AWS’s Security Incident Response User Guide treats containment, eradication, and recovery as distinct activities. Use that separation to document why each restoration step is safe.
Harden the agent after the incident
Reduce permissions and separate identities
Revisit every permission granted to the agent, its tools, and its credential providers. Apply least privilege to Bedrock resources and remove permissions that are convenient but not required. AWS’s Preventative security best practice for agents recommends least-privilege controls for agent resources.
When agents need different credential providers, use separate workload identities and IAM roles rather than one broadly trusted role. Scope each policy’s Resource entries to the specific workload identity and provider ARN. The implementation guidance is in Scope down access to credential providers by workload identity.
Improve secret handling
- Keep long-term secrets out of source repositories, images, notebooks, and ordinary application logs.
- Limit which build jobs, operators, and runtime components can read a secret.
- Prefer short-lived sessions where they satisfy the workload, while documenting how those sessions will be invalidated during an incident.
- Maintain an inventory linking each credential to an owner, consumer, Region, expiration or rotation plan, and emergency containment action.
Close visibility gaps
Review CloudTrail trail coverage, multi-Region configuration, integrity validation, centralized log storage, GuardDuty coverage, retention, and alert routing. Test that a suspicious Bedrock action produces a useful alert and that the on-call team can identify the responsible identity without handling the secret itself.
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The safest response is not always the narrowest action. Compare the options against the credential type, whether the change can be reversed, how broadly it affects sessions or identities, agent availability, and whether it preserves the role and logs needed for forensics.
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| Action | Credential scope | Reversible? | Blast radius | Forensic value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deactivate a long-term Bedrock API key | One key | Yes | Usually limited to consumers of that key | Retains the key record for investigation |
| Reset a long-term Bedrock API key | One key, with a new password issued | Old value should no longer work; replacement must be deployed | Consumers still using the old value fail | Preserves identity context while removing the exposed password |
| Delete a long-term Bedrock API key | One key | No practical restoration of that key | Consumers of the key fail permanently | Preserve metadata and logs before deletion |
| Invalidate a short-term key’s IAM session | The originating session | Usually requires a new session | All work using that session | Retains the role and session context if preserved |
| Deny the originating identity Bedrock API-key use | The identity or policy scope selected | Yes, by policy change | All affected workloads using that identity | Policy and activity history remain available |
| Attach a deny-all policy to an agent role | The agent role | Yes, by removing the emergency policy | Workloads using that role, plus dependent workflows you quarantine | Retains the role for analysis; pair with a forensic snapshot |
These differences follow AWS’s documented distinction between individually manageable long-term keys and session-bound short-term keys. Record the selected action, its expected blast radius, and the validation that proved it took effect.
Common response mistakes and corrections
Using the leaked key to revoke itself
Bedrock API-key management actions through the API require AWS credentials, not a Bedrock API key. Switch to an unaffected trusted identity before changing the key or its permissions.
Deleting the agent and assuming the leak is over
An agent deletion does not establish that copied credentials, IAM sessions, queued jobs, or external integrations have been revoked. Contain the credential and the identity that can use it, then inspect dependent systems.
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Treating a short-term key like a long-term key
There is no individual deactivate, reset, or delete operation for a short-term presigned key. Find its originating session and apply session- or identity-level controls.
Relying only on the 90-day console view
CloudTrail event history is limited, nonpermanent, and incomplete for some event types. Confirm trail configuration and use retained, centralized logs when available.
Restoring service before fixing the exposure path
Replacing a secret without removing it from the repository, artifact, log, or third-party system that disclosed it invites recurrence. Eradicate the source, deploy the replacement, verify the old credential, and only then restore the agent.
Incident record checklist
- Credential type, owner, principal, session, account, and Region.
- Discovery time, earliest plausible exposure, and containment time.
- Trusted identity used to administer the response.
- Exact key, session, policy, role, or identity action taken.
- Expected blast radius and observed service impact.
- CloudTrail and GuardDuty sources reviewed, including coverage limitations.
- Forensic snapshots, preserved logs, and chain-of-custody details.
- Unauthorized actions, resources, or policy changes found and remediated.
- Replacement deployment, old-credential verification, and restoration approval.
- Least-privilege, identity separation, logging, detection, and alerting changes assigned to owners.
What a complete response looks like
A complete response identifies the exact credential, stops its usable path with the narrowest effective control, preserves evidence, determines what happened, removes the exposure source, and restores the agent only after permissions and monitoring are validated. Long-term Bedrock keys support direct deactivation, reset, or deletion; short-term keys require action on the originating session or identity; IAM credentials require IAM incident controls; and an affected agent role can be quarantined while retained for forensics. Keep AWS’s service-side responsibility separate from your responsibility for identities, workloads, data, and response actions in your account.
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