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The most repeatable way to install RVM and one or more Ruby versions with Ansible is to use the rvm.ruby role from Ansible Galaxy. Define the target Ruby releases in rvm1_rubies, choose a per-user or system-wide installation path, keep GPG verification enabled, and explicitly source RVM in every later shell task that uses rvm, ruby, gem, or bundle.
This guide gives working playbooks for both installation models, prerequisite tasks, verification checks, upgrade and removal procedures, and fixes for the failures most often caused by shell initialization, permissions, signing keys, or unsupported operating-system combinations.
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What the Ansible installation does
RVM is initialized by shell code and exposes rvm as a Bash function. The Ansible role installs that initialization, downloads and builds the Ruby versions you declare, and can install Bundler. Ansible then gives you an auditable description of the desired state instead of a one-time installer command that must be repeated manually on each host.
Install the role before running a playbook:
ansible-galaxy install rvm.rubyFor production, pin the role to a reviewed revision in your Ansible role requirements and check that revision’s current defaults and operating-system matrix before rollout. The role’s compatibility can change between revisions.
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Choose per-user or system-wide RVM
The installation scope determines the path, ownership, privilege model, and the file you source later. Decide this before writing the playbook; changing scope afterward is effectively a migration.
| Decision | Single-user installation | System-wide installation |
|---|---|---|
| Typical consumer | One deploy or application account | Several authorized accounts on a shared host |
| RVM path | /home/deploy/.rvm |
/usr/local/rvm |
rvm1_user |
The target account, such as deploy |
root |
| Install flags | --auto-dotfiles --user-install |
--auto-dotfiles; omit --user-install |
| Privilege | The example runs with become: true so Ansible can prepare the account and dependencies |
Privilege escalation is required to write the shared path and system profile |
| Initialization later | Source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm or the per-user profile file created by the role |
Source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh |
| Ownership and updates | The user owns and updates that user’s Rubies | The shared installation is owned by root; updates require an administrator and access must be granted to intended users |
A per-user install isolates application dependencies and avoids allowing one account to change another account’s Ruby. A system-wide install avoids duplicate Ruby builds when many accounts need the same versions, but it introduces shared permissions and a privileged update path.
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Use Bash and the required command-line tools
RVM requires Bash rather than plain sh because it uses Bash-specific syntax. It also depends on common GNU utilities, including awk, sed, grep, ls, cp, tar, curl, gunzip, and bunzip2. Git is needed for some Ruby source builds. A later Ansible task that invokes RVM with the default shell can therefore fail even when the role itself completed successfully.
Install Debian-family prerequisites first
Package names differ by distribution. On Debian or Ubuntu, a practical prerequisite task is:
- name: Install RVM prerequisites on Debian-family hosts
ansible.builtin.apt:
name:
- bash
- curl
- gnupg2
- ca-certificates
- git
update_cache: true
state: presentEnsure the target image also has the standard archive and text-processing utilities listed above. On Red Hat-family systems, use the equivalent package module and distribution package names rather than copying the Debian list unchanged.
Verify RVM signing keys
The official RVM installation instructions require importing its signing keys before running the installer. The role exposes GPG-key configuration; leave verification enabled unless you have a documented operational reason to change it. The single-user example below sets rvm1_gpg_keys to the documented key ID 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3.
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Do not treat a disabled signature check as a harmless troubleshooting shortcut. If key retrieval fails, fix network access, the keyring, or the configured key material and then rerun the role.
Check operating-system support for the role revision
The role states that Linux and Unix systems supported by Ansible should work when they satisfy RVM prerequisites, and it lists active testing for Debian, Ubuntu, and Red Hat families. Its explicit continuous-integration list is older—CentOS 6 through 8, Debian 8 through 10, and Ubuntu 14.04 through 20.04—so that list does not prove support for a newer distribution. Verify the exact role revision and your target distribution before production deployment.
Single-user playbook for a deploy account
This play installs RVM in /home/deploy/.rvm, builds Ruby 3.2.2, and installs Bundler for the deploy account:
---
- name: Install RVM and Ruby for the deploy user
hosts: ruby_hosts
become: true
vars:
rvm1_user: deploy
rvm1_install_path: /home/deploy/.rvm
rvm1_install_flags: '--auto-dotfiles --user-install'
rvm1_rubies:
- ruby-3.2.2
rvm1_bundler_install: true
rvm1_rvm_version: stable
rvm1_gpg_keys: '409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3'
roles:
- rvm.rubyUnderstand the important variables
rvm1_useridentifies the account whose RVM installation is managed.rvm1_install_pathmakes the destination explicit. Keep it consistent with the account’s home directory and with the path you source in later tasks.rvm1_install_flagsuses RVM’s automatic dot-file setup and the per-user mode. Do not reuse these flags for a shared installation.rvm1_rubiesis a list using the role’s requiredruby-X.Y.Znaming style. The last Ruby in this list becomes the default according to the role README.rvm1_bundler_install: trueasks the role to install Bundler.rvm1_rvm_version: stableselects RVM’s stable channel in this example.rvm1_gpg_keyssupplies the signing key used for verification.
If the application needs another Ruby, add it to rvm1_rubies. Put the version you want as the implicit default last, or select the default explicitly in a later task with rvm use VERSION --default.
System-wide playbook for a shared installation
Use a shared path when several accounts are deliberately allowed to use the same RVM-managed Rubies. This example installs two versions under /usr/local/rvm:
---
- name: Install shared RVM and Ruby
hosts: ruby_hosts
become: true
vars:
rvm1_user: root
rvm1_install_path: /usr/local/rvm
rvm1_install_flags: '--auto-dotfiles'
rvm1_rubies:
- ruby-3.2.2
- ruby-3.3.1
rvm1_bundler_install: true
roles:
- rvm.rubyThree details distinguish this playbook from the per-user example:
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- The account and path are shared. RVM is installed for
rootat/usr/local/rvm, and the shared tree is owned byroot. --user-installis removed. Leaving that flag in place would request a user installation rather than the intended shared mode.- Privilege escalation remains enabled. An administrator must create or update the shared tree and system profile.
Grant only the access that your operating model requires. A shared RVM tree reduces duplicate builds, but a user who can modify the tree can affect every application that consumes those Rubies.
Run the playbook and verify the result
Run the play against the inventory group that contains the intended hosts. After the role completes, verify both the RVM function and the selected Ruby under the same account that will run the application.
Verify a per-user installation
- name: Verify RVM is loaded
ansible.builtin.shell: |
source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm
type rvm
ruby --version
args:
executable: /bin/bash
become: true
become_user: deploy
changed_when: falsetype rvm should report that RVM is a function, and ruby --version should show the installed release. If the role created a profile file instead of the scripts path shown above, source that file for the check; the key requirement is that the initialization code is loaded in Bash.
Verify a system-wide installation
- name: Verify shared RVM is loaded
ansible.builtin.shell: |
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
type rvm
ruby --version
args:
executable: /bin/bash
become: true
become_user: deploy
changed_when: falseUse an account that is authorized to consume the shared installation. The system profile must be readable, and the account must have the permissions the shared RVM setup expects.
Make RVM available to every later Ansible task
Ansible’s non-interactive shell does not automatically inherit the interactive shell initialization that a login session might load. RVM’s rvm command is a Bash function, so merely having the RVM directory on disk is not enough. Source RVM explicitly in every task that invokes rvm, ruby, gem, or bundle.
Per-user application task
- name: Install application gems with the selected Ruby
ansible.builtin.shell: |
source /home/deploy/.rvm/scripts/rvm
rvm use ruby-3.2.2 --default
gem install bundler
bundle install --deployment
args:
executable: /bin/bash
become: true
become_user: deployThe become_user matters: source the RVM belonging to the same account that owns the application and its gemset. If you run this task as root, you can silently use a different RVM installation or home directory.
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System-wide application task
- name: Install application gems with shared RVM
ansible.builtin.shell: |
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
rvm use ruby-3.2.2 --default
gem install bundler
bundle install --deployment
args:
executable: /bin/bash
become: true
become_user: deployUse the shared profile path for a system-wide installation, then select the exact Ruby required by the application. The explicit rvm use ... --default prevents the task from depending on whichever list entry happened to be last in the role variables.
Why the default shell fails
A task such as ansible.builtin.shell: rvm use ruby-3.2.2 can return a “command not found” error because Ansible commonly invokes a POSIX shell that neither reads the RVM profile nor supports RVM’s Bash function. Setting args.executable: /bin/bash and sourcing the correct script fixes both conditions. Keep the source line in each independent task; shell state is not reliably retained between separate Ansible tasks.
Manage several Ruby versions
Declare every required release in rvm1_rubies using the role’s exact ruby-X.Y.Z format. The role installs the list, and the last entry becomes the default. Ordering is therefore meaningful even when applications later select a version explicitly.
For a host that needs both releases, for example:
rvm1_rubies:
- ruby-3.2.2
- ruby-3.3.1Applications should still select their intended version in deployment tasks. That makes a future change to the list order less likely to alter an existing application unexpectedly.
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The role supports adding versions by extending rvm1_rubies. Treat a Ruby transition as a staged deployment rather than deleting the old interpreter first:
- Add the new
ruby-X.Y.Zvalue torvm1_rubiesand rerun the role. - Run the application role or deployment tasks with the new Ruby selected so native extensions and gems are rebuilt for that interpreter.
- Exercise the application and background jobs under the new version.
- Only after the application is working, remove the old release by passing
rvm1_delete_rubyas an extra variable, for exampleruby-2.1.0.
Do not remove a Ruby that an application, scheduled job, or rollback procedure still references. Keep the installation play and the application-selection tasks aligned so a subsequent convergence does not reinstall an intentionally retired version.
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Role-managed installation versus a raw installer command
You can run an installer fetched from RVM’s official endpoint, but managing RVM through the Galaxy role is usually the better fit for a fleet:
| Axis | rvm.ruby role |
Raw get.rvm.io shell command |
|---|---|---|
| Repeatability | Variables and role tasks describe the same desired state on every host | Shell history records what was run, but subsequent state is less explicit |
| Ruby versions | Declare releases in rvm1_rubies; Ansible can converge the list |
You must write and maintain separate installer commands |
| Upgrade and removal | Role variables include a documented deletion workflow through rvm1_delete_ruby |
Removal and sequencing are manual unless you build additional automation |
| Auditability | Reviewers can inspect the playbook, role revision, flags, paths, and key configuration | Auditing depends on captured shell commands and host state |
| Privilege and scope | Per-user and system-wide settings are visible as variables | Scope is determined by the command and execution account at runtime |
The role does not remove the need to review installer behavior. Pin its revision, review changes before upgrades, and keep signature verification active.
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rvm: command not found or type rvm is not a function
- Set
args.executableto/bin/bash; plainshis not supported by RVM. - Source the path matching the installation scope: the user’s
.rvm/scripts/rvmfor a per-user install or/etc/profile.d/rvm.shfor a system-wide install. - Run the task as the account that owns or is authorized to use that RVM tree.
- Source RVM in each task instead of assuming a previous task’s shell state remains available.
Permission denied in the RVM directory
Check that the path matches rvm1_user, that a system-wide tree is owned by root, and that the task’s become and become_user settings match the chosen model. Do not “fix” a shared installation by making the entire tree world-writable.
GPG verification or key import fails
Confirm that the host can reach the key service, that GPG tooling is installed, and that the configured key ID is correct. Keep the role’s verification path enabled; a failed signature check should stop the deployment until the trust problem is resolved.
Ruby compilation stops because a command is missing
Install Bash, the GNU utilities required by RVM, archive tools, curl, and Git before invoking the role. Package names vary by operating system, so inspect the failed command and install its distribution equivalent rather than adding unrelated packages.
The wrong Ruby becomes default
Remember that the role makes the last item in rvm1_rubies the default. Reorder the list or run rvm use VERSION --default after sourcing RVM. For deployments, select the version explicitly so a role-list change does not silently change the application runtime.
The role works on one distribution but not another
Compare the target operating system with the exact role revision’s compatibility information. The role’s older CI list is not evidence that every current release is supported. Test the complete prerequisite, installation, and application sequence on the same distribution image used in production.
Quick Recap
Production checklist
- Install and pin a reviewed
rvm.rubyrole revision. - Choose per-user or system-wide scope and keep its path, owner, flags, and privilege settings consistent.
- Install Bash, curl, GPG tooling, certificates, Git, and the GNU utilities RVM requires.
- Keep GPG signature verification enabled and configure the documented signing key.
- Use the role’s
ruby-X.Y.Znaming convention inrvm1_rubies. - Remember that the final list entry becomes the role-managed default.
- Source RVM explicitly with Bash in every later task that calls RVM or Ruby tooling.
- Run those tasks as the application account that should own the gems and Bundler state.
- Add a new Ruby, rebuild application gems, test, and only then pass
rvm1_delete_rubyto remove the old one. - Validate the exact operating-system and role-revision combination before production rollout.
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