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To install OpenStack on Ubuntu with DevStack, use a fresh, minimal Ubuntu system, log in with a non-root account that has passwordless sudo, clone the DevStack repository, create a private local.conf, and run ./stack.sh. DevStack then installs and configures a development cloud, including identity, image, compute, networking, storage, and dashboard services.
This is a development and testing deployment, not a production installation. The scripts can change packages, sudo configuration, services, firewall behavior, and network interfaces, so run them on a disposable virtual machine or a dedicated host whose existing workload and data do not matter.
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DevStack is a collection of scripts that builds an OpenStack environment from upstream repositories. The current documentation describes it as an opinionated developer installation, while the current stack.sh source shows that it can install and configure combinations of Cinder, Glance, Horizon, Keystone, Nova, Neutron, and Swift.
The convenience comes with a substantial trade-off: DevStack is designed to take control of the machine it runs on. It installs operating-system packages, changes service configuration, creates users and permissions needed by OpenStack, and configures networking. A workstation containing important files, a production server, or a VM that must remain reachable through an existing network configuration is a poor target.
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- Use a disposable VM, a fresh cloud VM, or a dedicated lab server.
- Take a snapshot before starting if the VM platform supports snapshots.
- Keep console access available because networking changes can interrupt SSH.
- Do not reuse production credentials in
local.conf.
The official DevStack documentation and the script itself are the authoritative places to check branch-specific behavior before every deployment.
Choose a supported Ubuntu release and DevStack branch
DevStack support follows the branch you check out. The current documentation says DevStack attempts to support the two latest Ubuntu LTS releases, but the exact set moves as new Ubuntu releases and OpenStack branches appear. The master script also checks a changing list of supported distributions.
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The script can be forced to continue on an untested distribution with FORCE=yes. That option bypasses a safety check; it does not add compatibility, and it should be treated as an explicit risk decision rather than a normal installation step.
Prepare the Ubuntu host
Start with a fresh minimal installation
The single-machine guide calls for a fresh Linux installation and points readers toward Ubuntu minimal media because DevStack downloads and installs its own dependencies. Remove or disable unrelated automation that could overwrite package, service, or network configuration while the installation is running.
Resource needs depend on the services enabled, whether you run guest instances, and whether the layout is single-node or multi-node. The official material does not publish one universal CPU, memory, and disk minimum for every DevStack configuration. Plan capacity for the base services plus the images, volumes, and instances you intend to create, and leave headroom for package caches and logs.
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Run stack.sh as a normal user, never as root. Cloud images often provide a suitable login account. If yours does not, create a dedicated stack account from an administrative session:
sudo adduser --disabled-password --gecos '' stack
sudo usermod -aG sudo stack
echo stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/stack
sudo chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/stack
sudo -iu stackThe account needs a real home directory because the repository, configuration file, logs, and generated credentials are kept there. Passwordless sudo is convenient for a lab installation, but limit this account to the disposable host and remove the host when the experiment is over.
Update the system and install Git
From the fresh Ubuntu host, update package indexes and install Git before cloning DevStack:
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sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y gitDevStack installs additional dependencies during stack.sh. Installing a large collection of OpenStack packages manually beforehand can create version conflicts and makes it harder to understand a failed deployment.
Clone DevStack as the stack user
Switch to the non-root account, clone the upstream repository, and enter the checkout:
git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack
cd devstackKeep the repository in the stack user’s home directory. The scripts expect to find configuration files relative to the repository root, and running the clone as another user can leave ownership and permission problems that later appear as confusing installation failures.
If you need a specific OpenStack release, check out the corresponding branch after cloning and read its documentation before proceeding. Branch names, supported Ubuntu releases, enabled services, and configuration defaults can change; commands that work on one branch are not a guarantee for another.
Create the required local.conf
Put the file in the repository root
Create a file named local.conf directly inside the devstack directory. The minimum documented starting configuration is:
[[local|localrc]]
ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORDThese four settings provide the administrator, database, message-queue, and service credentials needed by the basic installation. Replace secret with a strong, unique lab password before running the script. The values are examples, not credentials to copy into a shared environment.
Protect credentials and preserve the exact syntax
Keep local.conf readable only by the stack user. It contains credentials in plain text and may be copied into logs or backups if you handle the directory carelessly. Verify that the file is actually named local.conf, not local.conf.txt, and that the first line is exactly [[local|localrc]]. INI-style spelling and punctuation matter.
Do not add random options copied from an unrelated release. DevStack configuration variables are branch-sensitive. Start with the four documented values, then add only settings described by the documentation for the branch you selected. If you enable extra services, allow for additional package downloads, disk use, memory consumption, and validation work.
Run stack.sh
From the repository root and while logged in as the non-root sudo-enabled user, start the installation:
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./stack.shThe script installs operating-system dependencies, clones OpenStack projects, configures services, creates databases and message-queue settings, prepares networking, and writes logs. Let it run without closing the terminal. A failure near the end can leave a partially configured host, so record the final error and the command output before attempting another run.
An older official quick-start page estimates 15–20 minutes, largely depending on Internet speed. That figure comes from the Ussuri-era documentation and is not a current guarantee. Downloads, disk performance, CPU, enabled services, package mirrors, and cloud-provider networking can make a current deployment substantially faster or slower.
What a successful run produces
At completion, the terminal prints connection details and the location of the generated credentials file. The exact text varies by branch and enabled services. Do not infer success merely because the command returned to a shell: use the validation steps below and inspect the service and endpoint lists.
Validate the new OpenStack cloud
Load the generated credentials
DevStack writes an openrc file containing the environment variables used by the OpenStack client. From the DevStack directory, source it in the current shell:
source openrcSourcing affects only the current shell. If you open a new terminal, source the file again before running client commands. Treat the file as sensitive because it contains authentication details.
Check services and endpoints
Use the OpenStack command-line client to confirm that the control plane registered its services and endpoints:
openstack service list
openstack endpoint listA base installation commonly exposes the following components:
| Component | Role |
|---|---|
| Keystone | Identity and authentication |
| Glance | Image storage and discovery |
| Nova | Compute and virtual-machine management |
| Placement | Resource inventory used by compute scheduling |
| Cinder | Block storage volumes |
| Neutron | Networking |
| Horizon | Web dashboard |
Some deployments also enable Swift or other projects. The list is determined by the branch and configuration, so validate what your installation enabled rather than expecting every service in the table on every host.
Inspect images, networks, and volumes
Before launching a guest, confirm that the basic resource catalogs respond:
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openstack image list
openstack network list
openstack volume listEmpty lists are not automatically errors: a new cloud may not contain an image, user-created network, or volume yet. A command that cannot authenticate or reach an endpoint indicates a control-plane or credential problem and should be resolved before creating a server.
Open Horizon
The installer prints the dashboard URL when Horizon is enabled. Open that address from a machine that can reach the DevStack host and sign in with the administrator credentials from local.conf. If the dashboard is reachable only from the VM’s private address, use the VM console or an appropriate lab-only access path rather than exposing administrative services to the public Internet.
Launch a small test instance only after prerequisites exist
A test server requires an image, a flavor, and a reachable network. Names and defaults vary by release and configuration, so first discover the available resources with openstack image list, openstack flavor list, and openstack network list. Then use the identifiers returned by those commands with the server-create command documented for your branch. Validate console access, DHCP, security-group behavior, and outbound connectivity separately; a running control plane does not prove that guest networking is correct.
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Why DevStack can change or break networking
Neutron must connect virtual machines to physical or virtual interfaces, and DevStack configures the supporting bridges, namespaces, routes, and services. Those changes can conflict with a cloud provider’s network manager, an existing bridge, VPN software, firewall rules, or a manually configured static address.
Symptoms can include a dropped SSH session, a host that no longer answers on its old address, a dashboard reachable only from the console, or instances that boot without external connectivity. These are reasons to use a disposable target, not reasons to run the installer repeatedly on a valuable machine.
Reduce the impact before installation
- Record the VM’s console URL, private address, and cloud-provider recovery procedure.
- Keep a second administrative path available if possible.
- Snapshot the VM or preserve a rebuildable image.
- Stop unrelated network-management automation during the installation.
- Plan how you will delete and recreate the VM instead of trying to restore a production network by hand.
If the host becomes unreachable, use the hypervisor or cloud console to inspect logs and recover. Rebuilding the disposable VM is often safer than attempting to reverse every package, bridge, namespace, and firewall change made by a partial DevStack run.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Use the official single-VM cloud-init route
When you are starting from a cloud VM rather than an existing Ubuntu server, the official single-VM guide provides a cloud-init approach. Its flow creates the stack user, installs Git, clones DevStack, writes a minimal configuration, and launches stack.sh automatically.
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Cloud-init is useful for repeatable lab creation because the VM can be rebuilt from the same initialization data. It does not change DevStack’s risk profile: the VM is still modified extensively, and the cloud provider’s networking may still be affected. Confirm that the selected Ubuntu image and the DevStack branch in the guide are compatible before booting the VM.
For a first installation, watch the instance console and cloud-init logs until the script finishes. Do not assume that a VM reaching an “active” state means OpenStack completed; cloud-init can finish its own setup while stack.sh is still downloading projects or configuring services.
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Troubleshoot the most common failures
The distribution is rejected
Read the branch documentation and the distribution checks in stack.sh. If the Ubuntu release is outside the branch’s supported set, use a supported release or a matching branch. FORCE=yes can bypass the check, but it leaves compatibility unverified and should be reserved for deliberate experiments with a recovery plan.
stack.sh reports that it is running as root
Exit the root shell and switch to the dedicated account with sudo -iu stack. Ensure that the repository and local.conf belong to that account. Running some commands as root and others as stack can create ownership problems in the home directory and in generated files.
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The configuration is ignored
Confirm that you are in the repository root, that the filename is exactly local.conf, and that the file begins with [[local|localrc]]. Check for accidental Windows line endings or a copied code-fence marker. Keep the four password variables spelled exactly as shown, and make sure shell expansion has not replaced $ADMIN_PASSWORD before DevStack reads the file.
Authentication fails after installation
Source openrc again in the same terminal where you run the client. If authentication still fails, compare the credentials in local.conf with the generated environment and inspect the final stack.sh output. Do not publish the file or paste its passwords into a support forum.
A service or endpoint is missing
Use openstack service list and openstack endpoint list to determine whether the problem is registration or reachability. Service combinations depend on the branch and enabled configuration, so a component omitted from your deployment may simply not have been selected. Review the relevant service logs and the exact failure near the end of stack.sh before changing configuration.
The host loses network access
Use out-of-band console access and the recovery procedure for the VM or dedicated server. Check whether the host’s original interface, address, bridge, or route was replaced by the networking configuration. If the machine is disposable, rebuild it from the clean image and adjust the DevStack network configuration for the lab rather than layering a second installation over a damaged one.
The installation is extremely slow or runs out of space
Downloads and package compilation are sensitive to Internet bandwidth, mirror availability, disk speed, and enabled services. Confirm available disk space and memory, reduce optional services, and use a faster or larger disposable VM. The historical 15–20-minute estimate should not be used as a timeout threshold for a current deployment.
Understand the development boundary
DevStack is optimized for quickly producing an environment in which OpenStack code and integrations can be exercised. Its scripts are opinionated, change the host, and are commonly rerun on disposable machines. That makes it valuable for learning, development, CI experiments, and testing a particular OpenStack branch.
It is not a production hardening or lifecycle-management system. A production design needs deliberate choices for high availability, persistent storage, network segmentation, secrets management, upgrades, monitoring, backups, and recovery. Do not promote a DevStack host into production simply because Horizon opens and a test instance boots.
Safe day-to-day workflow after installation
- Keep the DevStack directory and
local.confprivate to the lab account. - Source
openrcbefore each new shell session used for OpenStack commands. - Check service and endpoint lists after changing configuration or rebooting the host.
- Record the branch, Ubuntu release, enabled services, and VM image used for each experiment.
- Use small test images and instances until networking, storage, and quotas are understood.
- Snapshot or export useful test data, then destroy and recreate the VM when the host becomes inconsistent.
Following this workflow keeps the installation reproducible and limits the damage caused by the host-wide changes that make DevStack convenient for development.
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