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Install Eclipse GlassFish on an Ubuntu VPS by installing a compatible JDK, unpacking the official GlassFish ZIP distribution, and starting the default domain1 with asadmin. GlassFish 8.0.5 requires JDK 21 or newer and implements Jakarta EE 11. GlassFish 7.1.1 is the alternative branch listed for Java 17, 21, or 25 compatibility. The default application listener is port 8080; the Administration Console uses port 4848. Keep 4848 private, preferably through an SSH tunnel, and change the administrator password before exposing the server to production traffic.
What you need before installing
This procedure assumes a newly provisioned Ubuntu VPS that you can reach over SSH with an account allowed to use sudo. The VPS provider, Ubuntu release, CPU allocation, memory size, storage, and network policy are deployment decisions rather than GlassFish requirements. Select a maintained Ubuntu release supported by your provider and leave enough memory for the application, the JVM, the operating system, and any database or reverse proxy running on the same machine.
- An Ubuntu VPS with a public IP address or private network address reachable from your administration workstation.
- SSH access and a user with
sudoprivileges. - Storage for the GlassFish ZIP, the unpacked server, deployed applications, logs, and backups.
- A supported Java Development Kit. GlassFish 8 requires JDK 21 or newer.
- The application archive you intend to deploy, normally a Jakarta EE WAR or EAR file.
- A plan for firewall rules, administrative access, TLS termination, backups, and automatic startup.
GlassFish is an application server implementing Jakarta EE. Your application may target a particular Jakarta EE level, so choose the GlassFish branch and Java runtime that match the application rather than selecting only by the newest version number.
Choose the GlassFish release and Java version
| GlassFish release | Jakarta EE level | Java information | When to choose it |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8.0.5 | Jakarta EE 11 | JDK 21 or higher is required | Use for applications built and tested for Jakarta EE 11 and a Java 21-or-newer runtime. |
| 7.1.1 | 7.x branch | Listed as tested with Java 17, 21, and 25 | Use when the application depends on the GlassFish 7 generation or its tested Java compatibility. |
The release information above reflects the Eclipse GlassFish download page observed on October 15, 2026. Confirm the exact maintenance release and compatibility notes on that page when you download the server. A newer Java runtime does not automatically make an older Jakarta EE application compatible; verify the application framework, namespace usage, and test environment first.
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Connect to the Ubuntu VPS
From your workstation, connect with the SSH account supplied by your VPS provider:
ssh ubuntu@SERVER_IPReplace SERVER_IP with the address assigned to your VPS and use the account name configured by the provider. If SSH uses a nonstandard port or key file, add the corresponding SSH options. Once connected, update the package index before installing Java:
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sudo apt updateUpgrading every package is an operational choice. If you do it, schedule the reboot, verify that SSH remains available, and make sure the VPS provider offers console access in case a kernel or networking change prevents login.
Install and verify a supported JDK
For GlassFish 8, install Ubuntu’s OpenJDK 21 package when it is available in the repositories for your Ubuntu release:
sudo apt install openjdk-21-jdkCheck the runtime and compiler versions:
java -version
javac -versionThe output must show Java 21 or a newer JDK for GlassFish 8. A Java Runtime Environment without the development tools is not the intended prerequisite; install the JDK package so javac and the standard Java tooling are present. If several JDKs are installed, inspect and select the active one:
sudo update-alternatives --config java
sudo update-alternatives --config javac
java -versionRecord the Java home directory if you will create a service account or a startup service. On Ubuntu it can commonly be discovered with:
readlink -f $(which java)Remove the final /bin/java component from that result to obtain JAVA_HOME. Do not guess the path: package layouts can differ between Ubuntu releases and manually installed JDKs.
Download the official GlassFish ZIP
Open the Eclipse GlassFish downloads page and choose either the Platform or Web Profile ZIP for the release you selected. The official installation method for GlassFish 8 is multi-platform ZIP distribution; installation consists of unpacking the archive into a directory of your choice. Downloading on your workstation and copying the file over SSH is often easier than installing a browser on the VPS.
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For a workstation-to-server transfer, use scp with the actual archive filename:
scp glassfish*.zip ubuntu@SERVER_IP:/tmp/Alternatively, download the archive directly on the VPS using the download address displayed on the official page. Do not substitute a third-party mirror when you need a verifiable production installation. If the project publishes checksums for the selected file, verify the checksum before unpacking.
Unpack GlassFish into a stable directory
Create the installation location and unpack the ZIP as an administrative user:
sudo mkdir -p /opt
sudo unzip /tmp/glassfish*.zip -d /opt
ls -la /optThe archive normally creates a directory named glassfish, resulting in /opt/glassfish. If the archive creates a versioned directory instead, choose one stable path and use it consistently in every command. Avoid repeatedly replacing a live directory in place; install a new version beside the old one and switch only after testing if you need controlled upgrades.
Confirm that the command-line administration tool exists:
ls -l /opt/glassfish/bin/asadminYou can run asadmin by its full path, which avoids ambiguity when multiple GlassFish installations are present. If you prefer a shorter command, add the directory to the account’s PATH:
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Run GlassFish under a dedicated account
For a disposable evaluation, you can start GlassFish as your SSH user. A long-running VPS should use a dedicated, non-login account so a compromised application process has fewer privileges:
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sudo useradd --system --home /opt/glassfish --shell /usr/sbin/nologin glassfish
sudo chown -R glassfish:glassfish /opt/glassfishIf you later place domains outside the installation tree, give the glassfish account ownership of those domain directories as well. Keep the ZIP and temporary upload files outside the runtime directory and remove them after verification.
Start the default domain for the first time
domain1 is the default domain used by the tutorial examples. Start it in the foreground first so startup messages remain visible:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin start-domain --verboseIf you are testing as your own account, omit sudo -u glassfish. Successful startup leaves the process running and prints messages showing the domain and listener status. Stop the foreground process with the server’s normal stop command from another SSH session, or press the documented interrupt only after you understand how the process was launched.
For a background start after the first boot succeeds, use:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin start-domainStop the default domain with:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin stop-domain domain1List domains and their states:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin list-domainsUse list-domains after a reboot, an upgrade, or a failed deployment to distinguish a stopped domain from a server that started and then exited.
Verify listeners, logs, and the first response
The documented defaults are HTTP port 8080 for applications and administration port 4848 for the Administration Console. While the domain is running, check the local HTTP response:
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sudo ss -ltnp | grep -E ':8080|:4848'Read the domain log when startup or deployment fails:
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Secure the administrator account and console
The Administration Console is available at http://localhost:4848/ when GlassFish is running. Tutorial examples commonly use the administrator name admin; older or default examples may have no password. Treat that state as an initial setup condition, not an acceptable production configuration.
Change the administrator password interactively:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin change-admin-password --domain_name domain1Follow the prompts and store the new credential in an approved password manager. Do not place it in shell history, a world-readable script, or a source repository. If the command syntax differs in the maintenance release you selected, run asadmin help change-admin-password and follow that release’s prompt sequence.
GlassFish supports secure administration. After setting a password, review the release documentation for enabling secure administration, run the command in a maintenance window, and restart the domain as requested by the tool. Enabling it can change how administrative clients authenticate and may require trusted certificates for noninteractive scripts, so test asadmin from the administration host before closing your existing SSH session.
Open only the traffic the application needs
Do not publish port 4848 to the entire internet merely to make the console convenient. Prefer an SSH tunnel:
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ssh -N -L 8484:127.0.0.1:4848 ubuntu@SERVER_IPThen open http://localhost:8484/. This approach avoids adding an internet-facing administration rule and works even when the VPS firewall blocks 4848 externally.
Configure the host firewall according to the final traffic path. A simple UFW starting point for SSH and direct application testing is:
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sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 8080/tcp
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status verboseOnly allow 8080 when clients genuinely need direct access. If a reverse proxy will be the public entry point, expose the proxy’s HTTP and HTTPS ports instead and keep 8080 bound to a private interface or protected by firewall rules. Never add a broad 4848/tcp rule when an SSH tunnel or a tightly restricted source-address rule is sufficient. Coordinate UFW with the VPS provider’s external firewall; traffic must be permitted at both layers.
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Deploy a Jakarta EE application
You can deploy through asadmin or the Administration Console. The command-line path is repeatable and works well with controlled release scripts. Copy the application archive to the server, then run:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin deploy /path/to/application.warUse an EAR file when the application is packaged that way. The deployment command may prompt for administrator credentials depending on the domain’s security configuration. For a replacement deployment, undeploy the existing application only when your release plan permits downtime, or use the deployment options documented for your GlassFish branch.
List deployed applications:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin list-applicationsThe application’s context root determines the URL. If the archive is named orders.war, the default context is commonly /orders, but an explicit application setting can change it. Test the resulting address through port 8080:
curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8080/your-context/Use the Administration Console when you need to inspect resources, connection pools, server configuration, or deployment status visually. The console is an administration tool, not a substitute for application-level authentication and authorization.
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GlassFish can serve application traffic on 8080, but a public production site commonly terminates TLS and handles the public hostname at a reverse proxy. The proxy forwards to the GlassFish application listener on a private address or local socket-equivalent network path. The exact proxy product, certificate authority, headers, health checks, websocket settings, upload limits, and timeout values depend on the application, so they must be designed rather than copied as a universal GlassFish setting.
When using a proxy, verify all of the following:
- The proxy forwards the correct
Host, scheme, and client-address headers expected by the application. - Only the proxy’s public ports are allowed through the VPS firewall.
- Direct access to 8080 is blocked or restricted to the proxy and monitoring network.
- TLS certificates are renewed automatically and renewal failures are monitored.
- Large uploads, long requests, websocket connections, and idle timeouts match the application requirements.
Make startup persistent without assuming one universal service file
The commands above start a domain for the current session or as a background process; they do not by themselves guarantee startup after a reboot. A production VPS normally needs a service manager entry, but the correct unit depends on the GlassFish path, service account, JAVA_HOME, domain directory, restart policy, resource limits, and whether a reverse proxy must start first.
Before creating a service definition, prove the exact command manually as the intended account:
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin start-domain domain1
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin list-domains
sudo -u glassfish /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin stop-domain domain1Then build and test a service that calls the same full paths, sets JAVA_HOME explicitly, runs with the dedicated account, writes logs where the account can write, and stops the domain cleanly. Test enablement with a controlled reboot or a service restart, inspect the service journal and server.log, and make sure an application failure does not create an endless restart loop. The official installation material does not prescribe one universal Ubuntu unit file or VPS size, so copying an unrelated unit can create permission, environment, or shutdown problems.
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Quick Recap
Troubleshoot common installation failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
asadmin reports an unsupported Java version |
The active JDK is older than the selected GlassFish branch requires. | Run java -version, select the intended JDK with update-alternatives, and set JAVA_HOME for service launches. |
| Startup fails with an address or bind error | Another process already uses 8080, 4848, or a configured GlassFish port. | Run ss -ltnp, stop the conflicting process, or change the GlassFish listener deliberately and update firewall and proxy settings. |
| Permission denied while starting or deploying | The runtime account cannot write the domain, logs, generated files, or deployed application. | Check ownership and permissions under the domain directory; grant access to the dedicated account instead of running the whole server as root. |
| The console works locally but not remotely | The firewall blocks 4848, the console is not publicly bound, or the wrong address is being used. | Use the SSH tunnel, verify the local listener, and inspect both VPS-provider and UFW firewall rules. |
| The application returns an error after deployment | Application compatibility, missing resources, namespace mismatch, or an application exception. | Run list-applications, inspect server.log, verify the Jakarta EE and Java target, and check application-specific configuration. |
| The domain disappears after reboot | No tested service-manager configuration starts it automatically. | Install a release-specific service definition, set its environment and account, enable it, then test a controlled restart. |
| Requests fail through a reverse proxy but work on 8080 | Incorrect forwarded headers, hostname handling, timeout, path, or TLS configuration. | Compare direct and proxied request headers, proxy logs, GlassFish logs, and the application’s expected context root. |
Production checklist
- Confirm that the selected GlassFish branch matches the application’s Jakarta EE level.
- Confirm
java -versionshows JDK 21 or newer for GlassFish 8. - Keep the installation and domain paths stable and document their ownership.
- Change the initial administrator password before production use.
- Use an SSH tunnel or a narrowly restricted network rule for port 4848.
- Expose only the application path that must be public; do not leave 8080 open unnecessarily.
- Inspect
domain1/logs/server.logafter startup and every deployment. - Back up application artifacts, domain configuration, certificates, and any database separately.
- Set JVM heap and garbage-collection options from measured workload requirements rather than copying arbitrary values.
- Test restart, rollback, certificate renewal, firewall recovery, and restoration procedures before relying on the VPS.
- Monitor disk space, memory, CPU, listener availability, application health, and repeated deployment or restart failures.
Useful command summary
| Task | Command |
|---|---|
| Start with visible startup output | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin start-domain --verbose |
| Start in the background | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin start-domain |
| Stop the default domain | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin stop-domain domain1 |
| List domain state | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin list-domains |
| Deploy an archive | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin deploy /path/to/application.war |
| List deployed applications | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin list-applications |
| Change the administrator password | /opt/glassfish/bin/asadmin change-admin-password --domain_name domain1 |
| Forward the console through SSH | ssh -N -L 4848:127.0.0.1:4848 ubuntu@SERVER_IP |
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