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Install ERPNext by first pinning a compatible Frappe/ERPNext release, then preparing a supported Ubuntu VPS with MariaDB, Python, Node.js, Redis or Valkey, Yarn, pip, cron, Git and the release-appropriate PDF tooling. Use Bench to create a bench, create a site and install ERPNext. For a persistent production service, generate Supervisor and Nginx configuration, verify every process, map DNS, add TLS and establish backups and monitoring before handing the system to users.
The commands below follow Frappe’s documented Bench workflow. Dependency versions are tied to the framework branch, so do not copy an older ERPNext tutorial’s package list into a newer installation.
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ERPNext runs on the Frappe Framework, and the two projects must remain on compatible major branches. Decide the branch before installing operating-system packages; that choice determines the supported database, Python, Node.js, package-manager and PDF versions. Record the selected branches in your deployment notes so an update does not accidentally move only one half of the stack.
Frappe’s current installation guidance officially supports Debian 13 or newer and Ubuntu 24.04 or newer. It warns that older distributions can produce package problems. Older ERPNext guides may target different operating systems, but they should not override the current support statement without a deliberate compatibility decision.
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| Dependency | Frappe v14/v15 | Frappe v16/develop |
|---|---|---|
| MariaDB | 10.6.6 or newer | 11.8 |
| Python | 3.10 or newer | 3.14 |
| Node.js | 18 or newer | 24 |
| Redis or Valkey | 6 | 6 or newer |
| Yarn | 1.12 or newer | 1.22 or newer |
| pip | 20 or newer | 25.3 or newer |
These are the versions listed by Frappe’s installation documentation. They are compatibility floors or targets for the named branches, not a universal recommendation to install the newest package available from an unrelated repository. Check the branch’s installation page immediately before deployment, because a developing branch can change its requirements.
PDF generation changed after version 16
wkhtmltopdf is required through Frappe version 16. Starting with version 17, PDFs use Chromium downloaded by Bench instead. Installing wkhtmltopdf on a version-17-or-newer deployment is therefore not a substitute for allowing Bench to obtain its Chromium runtime.
Size the VPS from workload, not a copied minimum
No authoritative source establishes a single CPU, RAM, disk or installation-time minimum that fits every ERPNext deployment. Estimate capacity from the number of users, concurrent background workers, report and email volume, database growth, file attachments and the number of sites in the bench. Leave room for MariaDB indexes, build artifacts, logs, backups and temporary files. A small evaluation site and a busy multi-company installation are different capacity problems.
Prepare the Ubuntu VPS
Use an administrative account and a real hostname
Log in over SSH with a normal administrative account that can use sudo, rather than doing the entire installation as root. Apply operating-system updates, set a stable hostname and make sure the VPS clock is correct. If the site will use a domain, create the DNS record that will eventually point to the VPS address; you can test with the address first and switch to the hostname before enabling HTTPS.
- Keep SSH keys and recovery access outside the VPS so a firewall or account mistake does not lock you out.
- Allow only the network services you actually need, and restrict database and Redis access to the local machine unless a documented topology requires otherwise.
- Decide where off-server backups will live before creating production data.
Update the package index
Start with the standard package refresh:
sudo apt update
Apply available Ubuntu updates according to your change policy, then reboot if the kernel or core services were updated. Do not begin Bench initialization while an interrupted package transaction is still pending.
Install the system components
Install Git, MariaDB server and client packages, the MariaDB development libraries, Redis or Valkey, cron and the build tools required by the selected branch. A typical base command is:
sudo apt install git mariadb-server mariadb-client libmariadb-dev redis-server cron build-essential
Package names can differ between Ubuntu releases and between Redis and Valkey deployments. Add the Python, Node.js, compiler and browser/PDF packages specified for the exact Frappe branch rather than blindly copying a list from a v14 or v15 article. Confirm each runtime after installation:
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python3 --versionandpip --versionnode --versionandyarn --versionmariadb --versionredis-server --versionwhen Redis is used
Frappe’s current sequence installs Node.js through nvm. Use nvm to select the Node major required by the branch, then install the matching Yarn release. Keep the nvm-managed Node available to the account that will run Bench; installing Node only for a different account is a common cause of a later node: command not found error.
Secure MariaDB
If the Ubuntu package did not complete database hardening, run:
sudo mariadb-secure-installation
Follow the prompts to remove unsafe defaults and verify that the database service is running. Bench will create the ERPNext site’s database and credentials during bench new-site; do not expose MariaDB’s listening port to the public internet just to make that step work.
Install the release-specific PDF support
For Frappe through version 16, install a wkhtmltopdf build compatible with the chosen Ubuntu release and framework branch. For version 17 and later, leave PDF runtime acquisition to Bench’s Chromium download and make sure the deployment user can write the required Bench directories. Test a representative invoice or print format before production handoff.
Install and initialize Bench
Bench is the command-line control plane for Frappe deployments. It creates the Python environment, stores sites and apps, builds assets and coordinates updates. Frappe’s current installation sequence installs it with uv:
uv tool install frappe-bench
Create a dedicated working directory, initialize the bench and verify the executable:
mkdir ~/frappecd ~/frappebench init my-benchbench --version
When the selected ERPNext release requires a named branch, supply that branch using the release-specific option documented for that version during bench init. Pinning the branch at this point is safer than initializing the default branch and trying to repair dependencies later. Keep the bench directory owned by the account that runs Bench; mixing root-owned files with a user-owned bench produces permission errors during builds and updates.
What a successful initialization means
A completed bench init proves that Bench could create its environment and fetch the framework. It does not create an ERPNext site, configure a web server, enable reboot persistence or provide backups. Those are separate deployment stages.
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Create a site and install ERPNext
Run the following from the bench directory. Replace the example hostname with the site name you intend to use:
cd ~/frappe/my-benchbench new-site example.combench get-app erpnextbench --site example.com install-app erpnext
bench new-site asks for database credentials and sets the site administrator password. Use a long, unique password and store it in an approved password manager. The site name becomes significant when you later map a domain, generate Nginx configuration and run site-specific maintenance commands.
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Run migrations whenever the selected release’s upgrade instructions require them. Do not treat a clean install as permission to skip migration notes: schema changes, patches and asset builds are part of the framework’s release process.
Run a controlled pre-production check
Before exposing the site to users, confirm that the site can authenticate, load its desk, create a test document and render a representative print format. Check that background jobs complete, scheduled tasks execute and uploaded files persist after a new login. This catches database, Redis, asset and PDF problems while recovery is still simple.
Use the VPS address or a temporary hosts-file entry if DNS is not ready. Once the intended DNS record points to the VPS, test the site over ordinary HTTP first. The production documentation expects the site to be live on the mapped domain before HTTPS is enabled.
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Configure production services and automatic startup
A development bench is not a production service. Frappe documents Supervisor for keeping web, Socket.IO, queue and scheduler processes running, and Nginx for serving static files and proxying dynamic requests to Frappe.
Generate Supervisor and Nginx configuration
From the bench directory, generate both configurations:
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bench setup supervisor- Link the generated
config/supervisor.confinto Supervisor’s enabled configuration directory using the method appropriate for your Ubuntu release. bench setup nginx- Link the generated
config/nginx.confinto Nginx’s enabled configuration directory, then validate and reload Nginx.
The generated files contain the bench-specific paths, site routing and process definitions. Do not hand-edit them before understanding which settings Bench will regenerate during an update.
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Use the one-step production helper carefully
Frappe also documents an easier path using sudo bench setup production and an install script invoked with the --production flag. Review what the helper will change on your Ubuntu image, which account it will configure and where it writes service files before running it on a shared VPS.
Frappe’s setup-production documentation explicitly warns that it does not recommend installing on bare-metal servers and recommends Docker images for production. A host-based Bench deployment is nevertheless documented in the production guide. Treat that as a choice with operational responsibility: you own package compatibility, service files, upgrades, restores, TLS and monitoring.
Verify reboot persistence
Supervisor is the component that restarts Frappe processes after crashes and starts them again when the service manager brings the system back after a reboot. Check the generated configuration and then run:
sudo supervisorctl status
Confirm that the web, Socket.IO, queue, scheduler and Redis-related processes are running. A process marked stopped, exited or repeatedly restarting is not a successful production handoff. Inspect the relevant Supervisor and Nginx logs, correct the underlying package, path or permission problem, and run the status check again.
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- Create an A or AAAA record for the production hostname and wait for it to resolve to the VPS.
- Load the hostname over HTTP and confirm that Nginx reaches the intended ERPNext site rather than a default virtual host.
- Verify login, static assets, file uploads, background jobs and a PDF print format through the hostname.
- Only after HTTP works, obtain a TLS certificate using your chosen certificate automation and configure renewal.
- Test both certificate renewal and an expired-session redirect before announcing the site.
Keep DNS, certificate renewal and firewall ownership in the deployment runbook. A certificate that works on installation day but is never renewed is an operational failure, not a completed deployment.
Updates, backups and day-two operations
Use the documented Bench update flow
Frappe documents bench update as the normal update workflow. It pulls app changes, runs patches, builds assets and restarts Supervisor. Read the release and migration notes first, verify that the framework and ERPNext branches remain compatible, and schedule a maintenance window for changes that can affect users.
Back up before every risky change
Take a tested backup before upgrades, configuration changes and database maintenance. Keep at least one copy outside the VPS and periodically perform a restore drill on an isolated system. A backup that has never been restored is an assumption, not a recovery plan. Include both database data and the site’s file storage in the backup design.
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Monitor the parts Bench cannot protect
- Disk usage, especially database growth, file attachments, logs and build artifacts.
- MariaDB health, slow queries and failed migrations.
- Queue depth, scheduler activity and repeated worker restarts.
- Certificate expiry, DNS resolution and HTTP error rates.
- Backup completion and the age of the most recent successful restore test.
Apply security updates to Ubuntu and the installed services under a change process. Keep a written record of the Frappe, ERPNext, Node, Python, MariaDB and PDF versions so an emergency rebuild reproduces the same dependency set.
Choose a deployment model deliberately
There is no universal winner between a host-based Bench deployment, Docker images and managed ERPNext hosting. Compare the operational responsibilities before selecting one.
| Decision area | Host-based Bench | Docker images | Managed hosting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Release control | You pin branches and system packages directly. | You pin image tags and compose or orchestration definitions. | The provider controls the platform schedule; confirm how branch selection works. |
| Upgrades and rollback | You run Bench updates, migrations and restore procedures. | You replace images and retain a rollback tag plus persistent data. | The provider may operate upgrades; obtain its rollback and maintenance policy. |
| Backups and restore testing | You own storage, retention and restore drills. | You own or contract persistent-volume backups and test restores. | Confirm who owns backups, retention, export access and restoration tests. |
| TLS and DNS | You configure Nginx, certificates and DNS. | You configure the ingress or proxy and certificate automation. | The provider may manage them; verify domain and certificate responsibilities. |
| Monitoring | You monitor Supervisor, Nginx, MariaDB, Redis, disk and jobs. | You monitor containers, volumes, health checks and host capacity. | Confirm what is monitored, which alerts you receive and who responds. |
| Resource isolation | Processes share the VPS operating system. | Services are separated into containers but still share host capacity. | Isolation and scaling depend on the provider’s architecture. |
| Support responsibility | You troubleshoot the complete stack. | You troubleshoot the application and container platform unless support is contracted. | The provider handles the agreed platform scope; ERPNext customization may remain yours. |
| Total cost | VPS, storage, backups, administration and recovery time are your costs. | VPS, image infrastructure, storage, backups and administration are your costs. | Fees cover some operations, while custom work, storage and higher capacity may be separate. |
Frappe’s current setup-production guidance favors Docker images for production, while its production guide still documents the host-based Bench path. Make the choice explicit in your runbook instead of assuming that bench init itself is a complete production architecture.
Troubleshoot the common failure points
Package or dependency errors during initialization
Stop and compare every installed runtime with the matrix for the pinned branch. The usual cause is a tutorial written for a different Ubuntu release or Frappe major version. Correct the package source or select a supported Ubuntu image; do not force Bench past a failed dependency check.
Node, Yarn, Python or pip is found for the wrong account
Check versions as the same non-root user who runs Bench. If nvm was installed only in an interactive shell or for another account, Supervisor and Bench will not see that Node installation. Install or expose the required runtime for the service account, then rebuild assets.
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MariaDB or Redis will not connect
Confirm the service is running, that the local socket or port is available and that the versions meet the selected branch’s requirements. Re-run MariaDB hardening only when you understand its effect on existing credentials. Do not open database ports publicly as a diagnostic shortcut.
The ERPNext app is downloaded but absent from the site
Downloading with bench get-app erpnext adds the app to the bench; it does not install it on a site. Run bench --site example.com install-app erpnext for the intended site and check the command’s output for migration or permission errors.
The domain shows a default page or cannot connect
Check DNS resolution, the Nginx configuration generated by bench setup nginx, the enabled-site link, the VPS firewall and the Nginx error log. Test the site over HTTP before troubleshooting certificates. Confirm that the hostname used in the browser matches the site created with bench new-site.
Processes stop after logout or reboot
A bench started from a shell is not a production service. Generate Supervisor configuration, enable it through the system’s service manager, reload Supervisor and inspect sudo supervisorctl status. Resolve any repeated restart before declaring automatic startup complete.
PDFs fail after an upgrade
Check the framework major version. Versions through 16 use wkhtmltopdf; version 17 and later rely on Chromium downloaded by Bench. Mixing the two approaches, or preventing the deployment user from writing the Chromium runtime, can leave browser-based PDF generation unavailable.
An update fails partway through
Do not immediately rerun updates repeatedly. Preserve the error output, check the release migration notes and verify that a recent database and file backup exists. Restore to an isolated copy if necessary, correct the dependency or branch mismatch, and then resume using the documented update procedure.
Quick Recap
Production handoff checklist
- The Ubuntu release is supported by the current Frappe installation guidance.
- Frappe and ERPNext branches are pinned and compatible.
- MariaDB, Python, Node.js, Redis or Valkey, Yarn and pip match the branch matrix.
- MariaDB has been hardened and is not publicly exposed.
- Bench initialization, site creation and ERPNext installation completed without ignored errors.
- Supervisor and Nginx configurations are generated, enabled and tested.
- Web, Socket.IO, queue, scheduler and Redis-related processes are healthy.
- DNS resolves to the VPS and the site works over HTTP on its intended hostname.
- TLS issuance and renewal are tested.
- Database and file backups are off-server, and a restore has been rehearsed.
- Update, rollback, monitoring, firewall and certificate-renewal procedures are documented.
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