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Install Dokku on a fresh Ubuntu 22.04, 24.04, or 26.04 VPS running on AMD64 (x86_64) or arm64, using a sudo-capable account and at least 1GB of memory. Dokku’s tagged bootstrap script installs the platform and its Docker-based runtime; you then import an SSH key and set a global virtual host before deploying applications. A domain is recommended but optional. The normal installation takes about 5–10 minutes, depending mainly on your connection speed.
What Dokku installs on your VPS
Dokku is an extensible, open-source Platform as a Service that runs on one server. It builds an application from a Dockerfile or detects a supported language through buildpacks, creates a container from the resulting image, and routes web processes through its proxy components. Background processes and scheduled tasks are managed on the same host. This gives you a Heroku-style deployment workflow without requiring a Kubernetes cluster or several servers.
The installation is more than a package download. A usable host needs three pieces configured in sequence: the Dokku software and Docker scheduler, an SSH key that is allowed to create deployments, and a global virtual host that tells Dokku which hostname pattern to use. The advanced installation guidance treats virtual-host and push-user configuration as part of a complete installation, not optional finishing touches.
Check the VPS before you begin
Supported operating systems and CPU architectures
| Requirement | Supported value or guidance |
|---|---|
| Operating system | Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 24.04, or Ubuntu 26.04. Dokku’s requirements also list Debian 11 or newer, but this guide follows the Ubuntu procedure. |
| CPU architecture | AMD64 (also called x86_64) or arm64 (armv8). |
| Memory | At least 1GB of available RAM for the Docker scheduler. |
| Account | A user that can run commands with sudo. |
| Networking | Internet access during installation and a public address reachable by your DNS record. |
| Domain | Recommended, but not mandatory. You can use the server IP or an sslip.io hostname when you do not have a registered domain. |
The 1GB figure is Dokku’s documented minimum for the Docker scheduler, not a promise that every workload will fit comfortably. Builds can need more memory than an idle installation, particularly when a language package manager compiles dependencies. If your VPS has less than 1GB, plan for swap and expect slower, less predictable builds.
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What “Docker-ready” means here
For this procedure, Docker-ready means that the VPS uses a supported Linux release and architecture and can run Docker containers. The documented path starts from a fresh server and runs Dokku’s bootstrap script; it does not list a separate, pre-installed Docker package as a prerequisite. Avoid layering an unrelated Docker setup or old Dokku installation onto the host. A clean VPS gives the installer control over the components and reduces conflicts.
Choose a stable release tag
Release tags and supported operating-system versions change. The command below uses the stable tag shown in the current installation instructions, v0.38.31. Before running it on a new server, check Dokku’s official installation page for the current tag rather than assuming this version remains current. The script URL used by this guide is https://dokku.com/install/v0.38.31/bootstrap.sh.
Install Dokku with the tagged bootstrap
1. Connect to the fresh VPS
Log in as the sudo-capable user you intend to administer. Confirm that the machine is one of the supported Ubuntu releases and that you have enough available memory for the scheduler and your first build. Do not start an application deployment yet; SSH and virtual-host configuration must be completed first.
2. Download and run the bootstrap script
Run the two commands from the account that can use sudo:
wget -NP . https://dokku.com/install/v0.38.31/bootstrap.sh
sudo DOKKU_TAG=v0.38.31 bash bootstrap.shThe first command places the script in the current directory. The second executes it with the Dokku release tag explicitly selected. Installation generally takes 5–10 minutes according to Dokku’s documentation, although a slow connection, package mirror, or busy VPS can make it take longer. Keep the terminal session open and read any error output instead of treating a returned prompt as proof that all configuration is complete.
Because the bootstrap process installs the platform’s required components, do not run a second installer at the same time or edit package sources while it is working. If the command stops with a package or network error, correct that underlying issue and rerun the documented procedure on the cleanest state available; avoid mixing files from an unrelated installation method.
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3. Import the deployment SSH key
Dokku uses SSH to identify the user allowed to create and update applications. On the server, import the public keys listed in the current user’s authorized_keys file with:
cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys | sudo dokku ssh-keys:add adminThe label admin is Dokku’s name for this imported key entry. The command reads public keys only; never copy a private key to the VPS. If the key you will use for deployment is held by another account, place that public key in the appropriate authorized_keys file first, or adapt the input so that the intended public key is imported. Keep the private key on the client device that will perform the deployment.
Importing a key does not set a domain and does not deploy an application. It only establishes the SSH identity Dokku can associate with administrative and deployment requests.
4. Set the global virtual host
Choose the domain suffix that should be used for applications, then point its DNS record at the VPS. Set that suffix globally:
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dokku domains:set-global example.comReplace example.com with your own hostname. The domain’s A record should resolve to the server’s IPv4 address, or its CNAME should ultimately resolve there. If you use a wildcard record, create *.domain.tld in DNS and set domain.tld as the global value. Dokku can then give each application a predictable host such as app.domain.tld.
When a registered domain is unavailable, Dokku documents using the server IP or an sslip.io hostname as the virtual host. This is useful for a temporary test, but it does not provide the same ownership, branding, or long-term stability as a domain you control.
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Choose the DNS layout that fits your applications
| DNS approach | How applications are reached | When it makes sense |
|---|---|---|
| Wildcard record | An application named app is reached at app.domain.tld. |
Usually the clearest choice for a VPS hosting several applications. New app hostnames follow one consistent pattern. |
| Single domain without a wildcard | Applications use the base domain with a port, such as domain.tld:$RANDOM_PORT. |
Suitable for one application or a constrained DNS setup where separate hostnames are not required. |
Server IP or sslip.io |
The hostname encodes the server address or uses the service’s address-based naming. | Temporary testing when you do not have a registered domain. |
A wildcard record is an editorial recommendation for multi-application use because readers can identify each service from its hostname and do not need to track port numbers. It is not mandatory for Dokku itself. Whichever option you choose, make sure the record points to the same VPS before testing an application URL.
Memory planning: RAM first, swap as a safety margin
Dokku warns that less than 1GB of available memory can produce unexpected build or deployment errors. One reported symptom is a pre-receive-hook failure while dependencies are being installed. The failure may appear to be an application problem even though the host simply ran out of memory during the build.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minutePrefer a VPS with at least 1GB of RAM. If you must use a smaller machine, increase Linux swap before attempting a substantial build. Dokku’s advanced guidance allows swap growth up to twice the physical memory; its example expands a 512MB machine’s swap file to 1GB. Swap is storage-backed memory, so it can keep a process from being killed but is much slower than RAM. It is a resilience measure, not an equivalent substitute for adding memory.
- Use the provider’s documented swap control or the Ubuntu administration method appropriate to your image.
- Keep enough disk space available for the swap file, Docker images, build layers, and application data.
- After enabling swap, confirm that the operating system reports it before starting a build.
- If builds still fail or become unusably slow, move to a larger VPS rather than repeatedly retrying the same deployment.
Confirm that the installation is actually deployable
Do not consider the host finished merely because the bootstrap command completed. The minimum readiness checklist is:
- The VPS runs Ubuntu 22.04, 24.04, or 26.04 on AMD64 or arm64.
- The account administering the server can use
sudo. - The Dokku bootstrap completed without an unresolved package or network error.
- The public deployment key was imported with
dokku ssh-keys:add. - The global virtual host was set with
dokku domains:set-global. - The selected DNS record resolves to the VPS, or you deliberately chose an IP-based or
sslip.iohostname for testing. - The machine has at least 1GB of memory, or swap has been configured with the limitations described above.
Only after these checks should you create the first application and push its source. The official installation guidance describes the server as ready to deploy at this point. If you skip SSH-key or virtual-host setup, package installation may appear successful while application creation or routing remains unusable.
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Most single-server installations should use the tagged bootstrap. Dokku’s advanced guide documents alternatives for operators who knowingly accept additional complexity:
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| Approach | Benefit | Trade-off | Appropriate audience |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tagged stable bootstrap | Uses a named release and follows the normal support path. | Less opportunity to change installer behavior. | Nearly every production or personal VPS installation. |
master branch or source-based installation |
Access to the latest development changes and source customization. | Potential instability and a less predictable support position. | Developers testing Dokku itself or preparing a controlled contribution. |
| Repository override | Allows a customized or internal package source. | You own the compatibility and update risk. | Organizations with a specific repository-management requirement. |
| Skipping recommended Herokuish dependencies | Reduces or changes the default dependency set. | Buildpack-based application compatibility may be affected. | Operators who understand which build mechanisms their applications need. |
| Unattended installation | Fits repeatable automation and provisioning pipelines. | Errors can be less visible without interactive review. | Experienced administrators testing the exact flow before automating it. |
These options are not faster substitutes for the normal procedure. They are customization and automation paths. If you need a dependable first installation, pin a stable tag and complete the interactive SSH and virtual-host setup before introducing overrides.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot the common failure points
The bootstrap command cannot download the script
Check outbound connectivity, DNS resolution, and whether the VPS image includes wget. A failed download is not a Dokku configuration failure; resolve access to the script URL, then rerun the command. If your organization requires an HTTP proxy or mirror, account for that before starting rather than editing the script blindly.
The command fails while installing packages
Read the first package-manager error, not only the final shell message. Interrupted updates, an exhausted disk, unavailable repositories, and transient network failures require different fixes. Do not proceed to key or domain configuration until the bootstrap has completed successfully.
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A deployment reports a pre-receive-hook or dependency-installation error
On a small VPS, check memory before changing application code. Dokku specifically warns that below 1GB can trigger failures during dependency installation. Add swap within the documented limits or resize the VPS, then retry the build. If the host has adequate memory, inspect the application’s dependency output separately.
SSH authentication does not work for deployment
Verify that the public key used by the client is the one imported into Dokku and that you did not accidentally copy a private key or a key from a different user’s authorized_keys. Re-run the import command with the correct public-key source. Key setup is independent of DNS, so changing the domain will not fix an SSH identity problem.
The application hostname does not resolve
Check that the A or CNAME record points to the VPS and that you set the same base name with dokku domains:set-global. A wildcard setup requires the wildcard record itself; a base-domain record alone does not automatically create every application subdomain. For temporary testing, use the server IP or an sslip.io hostname as documented by Dokku.
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The package installation finished but the host is not usable
Return to the readiness checklist. A completed installer is not the same as a configured deployment endpoint. In particular, confirm both the imported push key and the global virtual host before diagnosing an application.
Operational choices after installation
When to add more RAM
Resize when builds regularly exhaust memory, when swap activity makes deployments excessively slow, or when several applications build concurrently. More RAM gives the Docker scheduler and build processes predictable headroom. Swap can prevent abrupt failures on a small test machine, but it cannot provide the same throughput.
When to use a single domain
A single domain with port-based application URLs can be adequate for one service or a restricted DNS environment. It becomes harder to communicate and maintain as applications multiply because each service is identified by a changing port rather than a hostname. A wildcard record is generally easier for a multi-app VPS.
When to automate
Automate only after you have performed one successful tagged installation manually and recorded the exact Dokku release, Ubuntu image, SSH-key source, DNS behavior, and swap policy you intend to standardize. Unattended mode is valuable for repeatability, but it should reproduce a known-good process rather than conceal unknown setup errors.
Installation decision summary
For a normal Ubuntu VPS, select a fresh supported image, ensure at least 1GB of RAM, run the stable tagged bootstrap, import the deployment key, and set the global virtual host. Use wildcard DNS when hosting several applications. Add swap or increase memory on smaller machines before building. Treat source, development-branch, repository-override, dependency-skipping, and unattended modes as advanced choices with explicit trade-offs, not as the default installation path.
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