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Run GoCD on a Linux VPS by installing one GoCD server and at least one GoCD agent from the signed APT or RPM repositories, then approving the agent in the server dashboard. For a production deployment, use a supported Ubuntu, Debian, RHEL-compatible image, reserve a separate artifact volume, expose GoCD through HTTPS, and back up the server before upgrades.
This guide covers the complete setup: VPS sizing, package installation, agent registration, firewall and reverse-proxy design, authentication, storage paths, backups, upgrades, and the checks that resolve the most common connection failures.
What a GoCD VPS deployment contains
GoCD separates orchestration from execution. The GoCD server stores configuration, coordinates pipelines, schedules jobs, and presents the dashboard. A GoCD agent checks in with the server and performs the actual checkout, build, test, and packaging work. You need a server and at least one enabled agent before a pipeline can run.
Keep the server and agent on the same VPS for a small, low-cost installation, or place agents on separate nodes when builds need isolation, more CPU, different operating systems, or protection from resource contention. Every agent node must be able to reach the server endpoint.
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Choose a supported VPS image and capacity
The current GoCD system requirements support Debian 11 or newer, Ubuntu 22 or newer, and RHEL/CentOS 8 or compatible distributions such as AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux. Select a current 64-bit image, apply its normal security updates, and use a persistent disk rather than ephemeral storage.
| Component | Documented minimum | Practical implication |
|---|---|---|
| GoCD server | 1 GB RAM, 2 CPU cores at 2 GHz, 1 GB free disk | 2 GB RAM is recommended; leave additional capacity for the database, logs, plugins, and operating-system updates. |
| GoCD agent | 128 MB RAM and a 2 GHz CPU | Build tools and the jobs themselves normally require substantially more than the agent process minimum. |
| Artifact storage | Separate capacity is advised | Reserve a separate partition or mounted volume for /var/lib/go-server/artifacts so artifacts cannot fill the system disk. |
Install the source-control clients required by your pipelines on both the server and the agents. For example, a pipeline that checks out from a particular repository system cannot work until that system’s client is available on the node that performs the checkout.
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1. Update the operating system
Use your distribution’s normal update process, then reboot if the kernel or core services require it. Confirm that the VPS has a stable hostname and a DNS record for the public GoCD name. A fixed name is important because agents and users should not depend on a changing VPS address.
2. Plan storage and backups
Create or attach persistent storage for artifacts before pipelines begin producing files. Monitor that mount separately from the root filesystem. Keep database, configuration, plugin, and artifact backups in storage that is not on the same VPS disk; a local snapshot alone does not protect against a lost host or deleted volume.
3. Restrict inbound traffic
Use the VPS firewall or cloud security group to allow administration only from trusted addresses. Allow the public HTTPS listener at your reverse proxy, and keep GoCD’s internal HTTP listener private whenever the proxy and server share a host. Permit agent nodes to reach the server endpoint over the private network where possible.
Install the GoCD server on Debian or Ubuntu
The Debian package is tested on LTS Ubuntu and Debian. Use the signed repository rather than downloading an unsigned package.
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- Create the APT keyring directory:
sudo install -d -m 0755 /etc/apt/keyrings - Download the GoCD signing key and convert it to the keyring format:
curl -fsSL https://download.gocd.org/GOCD-GPG-KEY.asc | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/gocd.gpgThe key is published at https://download.gocd.org/GOCD-GPG-KEY.asc.
- Add the repository with the key explicitly assigned to it:
echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/gocd.gpg] https://download.gocd.org /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gocd.list - Refresh package metadata and install the server:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends go-serverThe recommended dependencies normally install or configure a compatible Java runtime. If you supply your own runtime instead, the current GoCD release requires Java 21 or newer. Configure that runtime through /usr/share/go-server/wrapper-config/wrapper-properties.conf rather than relying on an arbitrary system Java binary.
Start and verify the service
Use the service commands supplied by the package:
sudo service go-server start
sudo service go-server stop
sudo service go-server restart
sudo service go-server consoleAfter startup, open http://localhost:8153/go from the server itself, or use the server’s reachable address while testing. If the dashboard does not load, inspect the GoCD server log directory at /var/log/go-server and confirm that the service is running before changing firewall rules.
Install the GoCD server on an RPM-based distribution
For AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux, RHEL, CentOS-compatible systems, download the repository definition and install with DNF. The RPM instructions are tested on AlmaLinux as a RHEL proxy.
- Install the repository file:
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.gocd.org/gocd.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/gocd.repoThe repository file is available at https://download.gocd.org/gocd.repo.
- Install the server and its weak dependencies:
sudo dnf install -y --setopt=install_weak_deps=true go-serveryum and microdnf are also supported package-manager choices on compatible systems. As with APT, the package normally supplies a compatible Java runtime through dependencies. If it cannot, install a supported Java 21-or-newer runtime and set it in the server wrapper configuration.
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Manage the service with the same commands:
sudo service go-server start
sudo service go-server stop
sudo service go-server restart
sudo service go-server consoleInstall and register a GoCD agent
An installed agent is not immediately trusted. GoCD deliberately requires an administrator to enable each new agent before it receives work, preventing an unauthorized machine from obtaining source code or credentials.
Install the package
Use the same signed repository configured for the server.
On Debian or Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends go-agentOn RPM-based systems:
sudo dnf install -y --setopt=install_weak_deps=true go-agentInstall the source-control clients and every build tool required by the jobs that this agent will run. The agent process can be tiny, but compilers, container tools, SDKs, test frameworks, and workspaces consume the real resources.
Point the agent at the server
Edit /usr/share/go-agent/wrapper-config/wrapper-properties.conf and set the GoCD server hostname or IP in the server URL setting. Use the reverse-proxy hostname and HTTPS port when the agent connects through a fronting proxy; use the private server address when the agent is on an internal network and the proxy is not involved.
Start or restart the agent after saving the change:
sudo service go-agent start
sudo service go-agent restartEnable the agent in the dashboard
- Sign in to the GoCD dashboard on the server.
- Open the agent administration page and locate the newly connected agent.
- Enable it explicitly.
- Confirm that its operating-system information and status are visible before assigning a pipeline.
GoCD’s documented security rule is: “For security reasons, all newly installed GoCD agents need to be enabled on the GoCD server before work is assigned to them.”
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Configure ports, firewall access, and HTTPS
Default endpoint
GoCD’s default server listener is HTTP on port 8153. An agent on another node must be able to reach that port, unless a reverse proxy exposes an alternative HTTPS port. Do not expose the backend listener broadly when a public proxy is available; limit it to localhost or the private network and allow only the proxy to reach it.
Reverse-proxy design
Terminate TLS at a reverse proxy that has a certificate for the public GoCD hostname. Forward requests to GoCD’s backend and preserve the upgrade behavior required by the proxy setup so agent and browser connections remain functional. Your proxy must pass the GoCD path consistently rather than stripping part of the application context unexpectedly.
In GoCD configuration, set both <siteUrl> and <secureSiteUrl> to the externally visible proxy base URL, including the correct scheme and path. These values should describe what users and agents reach, not the internal address or port used between the proxy and GoCD.
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- Allow the proxy’s public HTTPS port from the internet only if the service is intended to be public.
- Allow port 8153, or the private proxy path used by agents, from trusted agent networks.
- Block direct public access to the backend port when TLS is terminated elsewhere.
- Keep SSH and other administration ports restricted to your management addresses.
Secure the GoCD installation
GoCD is not locked down merely because it is on a VPS. If the <security> element is absent, anyone who can reach the server can use GoCD without logging in. Put authentication and authorization in place before exposing the dashboard.
Enable an authorization plugin and configure an appropriate LDAP or password-file authentication method through the bundled plugins when those methods fit your environment. The configuration reference marks the older in-configuration LDAP and password-file tags as deprecated, so use the supported plugin configuration rather than copying legacy XML examples.
Give administrative rights only to the people who need them, keep agent operating systems patched, and treat agent workspaces as sensitive: jobs can access source code, credentials, generated artifacts, and any secrets made available to the build.
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Know the important GoCD Linux paths
| Path | Purpose |
|---|---|
/etc/go |
GoCD server configuration. |
/var/lib/go-server/db |
GoCD server database. |
/var/lib/go-server/artifacts |
Pipeline artifacts; place this on separately planned storage. |
/var/lib/go-server/plugins |
Server plugins. |
/var/log/go-server |
Server logs. |
/usr/share/go-server/wrapper-config/wrapper-properties.conf |
Server startup and runtime overrides, including a supplied Java runtime. |
/var/lib/go-agent |
Agent state and work data. |
/var/log/go-agent |
Agent logs. |
/usr/share/go-agent/wrapper-config/wrapper-properties.conf |
Agent startup settings, including the server address. |
Protect these directories with normal Unix permissions and include configuration, database, plugins, and artifacts in your backup plan. Artifact retention should be designed separately from the server’s configuration backup because artifacts can grow much faster.
Back up before upgrades
- Open Admin > Server Maintenance Mode and enable maintenance mode.
- Use Admin > Backups to create a GoCD backup.
- Verify that the backup exists on storage separate from the VPS disk.
- Confirm that your artifact backup or replication process has also run; GoCD describes regular artifact backups as good practice even though restoring artifacts is not essential to the package upgrade itself.
- Record the package version, Java runtime, proxy configuration, and any plugin changes so you can reproduce the service if the upgrade must be rolled back.
Do not treat a filesystem snapshot taken while the server is actively changing as your only recovery method. A GoCD backup made through the administration interface provides a known application-level recovery point.
Upgrade GoCD packages
Debian and Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --install-recommends go-serverRPM-based systems
sudo dnf upgrade go-serverIf you downloaded a specific RPM instead of using the repository, the documented alternative is an rpm -Uvh upgrade. Agents normally do not require a manual package upgrade at the same time: GoCD agents usually reconnect automatically, and builds in progress are completed or rescheduled according to GoCD’s upgrade behavior.
After the server returns, check the dashboard, agent status, pipeline schedules, plugin loading, and artifact access. Exit maintenance mode only after those checks pass.
Tune capacity only after observing workload
The default GoCD server JVM heap settings are -Xms512m and -Xmx1024m. A small installation can often begin with those defaults, but a busy server may need more heap, CPU, memory, and open-file descriptors. Increase limits in response to measured queueing, garbage-collection pressure, slow configuration operations, or file-descriptor exhaustion rather than applying arbitrary values.
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Troubleshoot the first connection
The dashboard is unreachable
- Confirm that
go-serveris running and review/var/log/go-server. - Test locally on the VPS before testing through DNS or the proxy. A local failure is a service or Java problem, not a firewall problem.
- Check that another process is not occupying port 8153.
- If local access works but remote access fails, inspect the VPS security group, host firewall, proxy upstream, and DNS record in that order.
The agent never appears
- Verify the server hostname or IP in the agent wrapper configuration and restart the agent.
- From the agent node, test reachability to the selected server endpoint and port.
- Read
/var/log/go-agentfor DNS, TLS, authentication, or connection errors. - Check that the proxy forwards the GoCD path and connection upgrades correctly when HTTPS is used.
- Remember that an agent can be connected yet unavailable for jobs until an administrator enables it.
The agent is enabled but jobs fail immediately
- Install the required source-control client and build tools on that agent.
- Check workspace and artifact volume free space.
- Compare the job’s operating-system and tool assumptions with the agent that received it.
- Review the agent log and the job console output for permission, credential, or missing executable errors.
Startup fails after changing Java
Confirm that the supplied runtime is Java 21 or newer for the current release, that the path in the wrapper configuration is valid, and that the service account can execute it. Revert the wrapper override temporarily to the package-provided runtime if the package installed one successfully.
Choose a deployment layout that fits the workload
| Layout | Advantages | Trade-offs |
|---|---|---|
| Server and agent on one VPS | Simpler networking, fewer machines, and lower hosting cost. | Build CPU, memory, and disk activity compete with the GoCD server; a single host failure stops coordination and execution. |
| Server with separate agent VPSs | Better build isolation, independent scaling, and a smaller blast radius when a build host fails. | More network, patching, and capacity-management work; each agent still needs the correct tools and access to the server endpoint. |
When comparing VPS plans, evaluate the supported OS image, dedicated CPU and RAM headroom, fast persistent disk, a separate artifact volume, snapshot and backup retention, firewall and private-network controls, DNS and TLS automation, and monitoring. A plan that meets the GoCD process minimum but cannot sustain your build tools or artifact growth is not an adequate production choice.
Quick Recap
Production readiness checklist
- Supported Debian 11+, Ubuntu 22+, or RHEL/CentOS 8-compatible operating system.
- At least 2 GB RAM recommended for the server, with additional capacity for builds and tools.
- Persistent, separately planned artifact storage mounted at
/var/lib/go-server/artifacts. - Signed GoCD APT or RPM repository configured.
- Compatible Java runtime supplied by packages or Java 21 or newer configured explicitly.
- At least one agent installed, pointed at the correct server URL, and enabled in the dashboard.
- Source-control clients and build dependencies installed on every agent that needs them.
- Firewall rules limit backend access and permit only the intended proxy and agent networks.
- HTTPS termination, proxy forwarding, and GoCD
<siteUrl>/<secureSiteUrl>values use the public base URL. - Authentication and authorization enabled before public exposure.
- GoCD backup and artifact backup tested on storage independent of the VPS.
- Maintenance mode used for upgrades, followed by checks of agents, pipelines, plugins, and artifacts.
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