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To host a Thorium server, run the same Terraria and tModLoader branch that every player uses, install Thorium and its dependencies on a dedicated tModLoader server, configure a world and server settings, open TCP port 7777, and give players your public address. The most important rule is version and mod-list parity: a client with a different loader, Thorium build, dependency, or enabled-mod order may fail to connect even when the network is configured correctly.
What a Thorium server actually requires
Thorium is a tModLoader mod, so a multiplayer server must run tModLoader rather than the unmodded Terraria server executable. Every participant needs a compatible Terraria desktop version, a compatible tModLoader branch, Thorium, and the same dependency and enabled-mod set. The server does not make incompatible client installations compatible.
- A host: a Windows or Linux computer at home, a Docker deployment on a VPS, or a managed Terraria/tModLoader host.
- A matching software branch: Terraria, tModLoader, Thorium, and any dependency versions must be aligned between server and clients.
- A world: either a newly created
.wldfile or a copy of an existing world. - Network access: the host firewall and, for most home connections, the router must allow and forward TCP port 7777.
- Operations: backups, updates, log checking, and a way to restart the process after a crash or reboot.
A small world is documented as requiring 500 MB of free RAM. Actual use changes with world size, player count, and the mod set, so treat 500 MB as a minimum reference rather than a capacity plan. Leave additional memory and CPU headroom for the operating system and other mods.
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| Hosting model | Cost pattern | What you operate | Network and access | Best fit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Windows or Linux computer | Lowest direct cost when you already own suitable hardware | tModLoader, mods, updates, backups, uptime, firewall, and troubleshooting | Usually requires router port forwarding and a stable public connection | A small private group and an owner comfortable maintaining a machine |
| Docker on a VPS | Paid hosting subscription | Linux, Docker, the container configuration, updates, backups, and logs | Public network address is normally available; firewall rules still need to be set | Reproducible deployments, remote access, and easy restarts |
| Managed Terraria/tModLoader host | Recurring hosting fee | Panel settings, mod installation, world files, and account access; the provider operates the underlying server | Provider supplies the network endpoint; verify its Thorium and custom-modpack support | Players who want the least server administration |
When comparing providers or VPS plans, check CPU and RAM headroom, player-facing latency from your region, backup retention, firewall access, automated restarts, version control, and whether you can upload a custom modpack. A company that provides server hosting for a fee is a dedicated host; the label alone does not guarantee Thorium support, so confirm the supported tModLoader branch before paying.
Lock the versions before installing anything
Version drift is the most common cause of a server that starts successfully but rejects players. The official Thorium wiki snapshot used for this guide displays the pairing Thorium 1.7.2.8, Terraria 1.4.4.9, and tModLoader 2023.11.3.3 for Desktop. That pairing can change as Terraria, tModLoader, and Thorium are updated. Recheck the live Thorium compatibility page immediately before deployment and record the exact versions you select.
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Install that same branch on the server and on every client. Do not let one side update independently. If a player has an older world or mod profile, make a copy, then change the profile so its loader branch, Thorium build, dependencies, and enabled mods match the server. Keep a written list of the selected versions; it makes later repairs and restores much faster.
Install the dedicated tModLoader server
Official Dedicated Server Utils provides the management workflow for installing tModLoader, installing mods, and starting the server. You can use its SteamCMD or GitHub release workflow, or its Docker workflow on a Linux host. The exact package and release should match the loader branch you selected.
Windows or Linux with the management script
- Prepare a dedicated directory. Use a folder that the server account can read and write. Keep worlds, configuration, logs, and the mod files in predictable locations so they can be backed up together.
- Install the server tooling. Follow the Dedicated Server Utils instructions for your operating system and chosen distribution method. Select the same Terraria/tModLoader branch that you recorded in the version step.
- Run the first setup. Start the management workflow once so it creates its directories and downloads the loader components. Stop it cleanly before editing configuration.
- Keep the server account separate when practical. A non-administrator service account limits the damage from a compromised mod or a mistaken command, while still allowing write access to the server directory.
Docker on a VPS
- Install Docker on the VPS and create a persistent volume for worlds, configuration, logs, and mods. A persistent volume prevents a container replacement from deleting the world.
- Use the tModLoader Docker workflow for the exact loader branch. Pin the image or tag rather than silently tracking an unrelated latest build.
- Expose TCP port 7777 from the container to the VPS and allow it in the VPS firewall. Keep administrative ports restricted to your own management network.
- Run the container once, install the mods, stop it, and then add the world and server configuration to the persistent volume before the normal start.
Regardless of platform, confirm that the server can start without Thorium first. This separates a loader or file-permission problem from a mod problem. Once a plain tModLoader server reaches its ready state, stop it and add the Thorium mod set.
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Install Thorium and keep the mod list identical
Place Thorium and every required dependency in the server’s mod installation path. Dedicated Server Utils documents the command:
./manage-tModLoaderServer.sh install-modsRun that command from the management-script directory on Linux or in the equivalent environment provided by the Windows workflow. The command installs the mods defined for the server. If you manage files manually, verify both of the files tModLoader uses for this purpose:
install.txtshould identify the mods to install.enabled.jsonshould identify the mods enabled for the server.
Thorium must be enabled, not merely present in a download directory. Its dependencies must be enabled as well. The client-side mod profile should contain the same set and compatible versions. Remove test mods from both sides or add them to both sides; an extra client mod can be enough to prevent a join.
Use modpath and modpack settings deliberately
The tModLoader server guide documents modpath and modpack settings. Use modpath when you need the server to read mods from a specific directory, such as a persistent Docker volume. Use modpack when you want the server to load a defined pack rather than an incidental collection of files. Whichever method you choose, keep the resulting enabled list under version control or at least copy it with your backups.
Prepare the world and server configuration
You can let the server create a world through its normal prompts or copy an existing .wld file into the server’s world directory. Copy the file while the server is stopped, and preserve a backup of the original before allowing a new mod set to load it.
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Create a serverconfig.txt and set the world path, maximum player count, port, password, and mod settings. The following is an illustrative layout; use the key spelling and path format required by your tModLoader release:
world=worlds/Thorium.wld
maxplayers=8
port=7777
password=choose-a-private-password
modpath=mods
modpack=ThoriumPackThe example’s player limit is only a configuration example. Set a limit appropriate to your group and the available resources. A password is strongly recommended for a private world. Keep the file outside public download locations, because it contains the access credential.
Check paths before the first start
- Confirm that the world path points to an existing file and uses the correct case on Linux.
- Confirm that the account running the server can read the world and write logs, player data, and mod files.
- Confirm that the configured mod path is the same path populated by the management script or mounted into the Docker container.
- Confirm that the configured port is 7777 unless you have deliberately selected another port and will tell every player the new value.
Start the server and perform a local test
On Windows, start the server with start-tModLoaderServer.bat. On Linux, use the corresponding management-script or tModLoader server workflow. Keep the console visible during the first launch. A successful startup should load the selected world and mods without a missing-file or dependency error.
- Start with the server configuration file.
- Watch the console for the world-loading and mod-loading stages.
- Join from the same machine or local network first, using the host’s local address and port.
- Walk around, open chests, and test a Thorium item or mechanic so you know the intended mod set is active.
- Stop the server through its normal shutdown command rather than killing the process. This reduces the chance of a damaged world file.
If the local test fails, do not troubleshoot the public internet yet. Fix the loader, mod files, world path, or permissions first.
Open the firewall and router
The official Terraria server documentation states: “The server runs on TCP port 7777 by default.” Allow inbound TCP 7777 in the operating-system firewall and in any VPS security group. If the server is at home behind a NAT router, create a port-forwarding rule from the router’s external TCP 7777 to the host computer’s internal address and TCP 7777.
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Home-network checklist
- Give the server computer a stable internal address, preferably through a DHCP reservation, so the forwarding rule does not point to a different device after a reboot.
- Create the router rule for TCP 7777 only. Do not open a wider port range when one port is sufficient.
- Add a matching inbound firewall rule on Windows or Linux.
- Restart the server, then test from a connection outside your home network. A test from inside the same router can succeed even when the external forwarding rule is wrong.
Some internet connections use carrier-grade NAT and do not provide a reachable public IPv4 address. In that case, ordinary port forwarding may not work; use a VPS or a managed host, or ask your internet provider whether a public address option is available.
Tell players how to join
Give players the public IP address or hostname and the port. If you stayed with the default, the endpoint is your public address on TCP 7777. Players should launch the same tModLoader branch, enable the same Thorium profile, and use the tModLoader multiplayer flow rather than the unmodded Terraria client.
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Backups, updates, and routine administration
Back up before every change
Stop the server cleanly, copy the .wld file, and save the server configuration and mod-list files together. Keep at least one backup from before a Thorium or tModLoader update. A world backup is useful only if you know which mod versions created it, so include a short text record of the loader, Terraria, Thorium, dependencies, and enabled list.
Update as a controlled maintenance window
- Announce a maintenance time and stop the server cleanly.
- Back up the world, configuration, and current mod files.
- Check the live Thorium compatibility information for the new pairing.
- Update the server branch and mods together.
- Update every player’s client profile to the same versions.
- Start the server and perform a local test before reopening the public endpoint.
Do not update only the server because a new client release is available. If the current Thorium build does not support the new Terraria or tModLoader branch, keep the working branch until compatibility is published.
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Plan for restarts
A home server needs a manual or operating-system restart plan after a power failure. A Docker deployment can use the container runtime’s restart policy, while a managed host may offer an automatic-restart control. In all cases, verify that the world volume and configuration persist across the restart; an automatic restart that starts an empty world is not a recovery plan.
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Troubleshoot in the order the failure occurs
The server will not start
- Check that the installed Terraria and tModLoader branch is the one selected for the world and mods.
- Read the first error in the server log, not only the final shutdown message.
- Confirm file permissions and that the world path points to a real
.wldfile. - Temporarily remove the Thorium set, start a plain tModLoader server, and then reinstall the mods with the management script. If the plain server starts, focus on Thorium, dependencies, or the enabled list.
The server starts but Thorium is missing
- Check that Thorium appears in
install.txtandenabled.json. - Verify that the management script installed into the same
modpathused by the server process. - Check the server console for a dependency error and compare the dependency versions with the client profile.
- Restart after changing the enabled list; many mod changes are not active until a fresh process starts.
Players cannot connect
- Confirm that everyone is using the same Terraria, tModLoader, Thorium, dependency, and enabled-mod versions.
- Confirm the player is using the public address, not the host’s private LAN address, when joining from outside the home network.
- Check the host firewall, VPS security group, and router forwarding rule for TCP 7777.
- Verify that the server is listening on the port shown in its configuration and that the router forwards to the correct internal address.
- Test with one player from an external network before changing several settings at once.
The world behaves as if Thorium is not installed
Reconnect after confirming the server console loaded the Thorium mod. A client can display a Thorium profile while the server is running a different enabled list. Compare the server’s mod files and logs, then restart from the corrected configuration.
A world was damaged after an update
Stop the server, preserve the damaged file for diagnosis, and restore the most recent backup made before the update. Reinstall the exact loader and mod versions recorded with that backup before allowing players back in. Do not repeatedly launch the only copy of the world while experimenting.
Decide between a VPS and managed hosting
Choose a Docker VPS when you want reproducible deployment, remote administration, and control over the operating system, firewall, and restart behavior, and you are comfortable maintaining Linux and Docker. Choose managed Terraria/tModLoader hosting when minimizing server administration is more important than low cost or deep system control. Before committing to a managed plan, ask specifically whether the provider supports Thorium, custom modpacks, the loader branch you need, world-file uploads, scheduled backups, and restoring a backup after a failed update.
A home server remains practical for a small private group when the host has a reliable connection and can remain online. Its direct cost is low, but you assume responsibility for port forwarding, uptime, backups, updates, and every troubleshooting step. Whichever model you select, the software compatibility checklist is the same.
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- Use a non-obvious server password and share it only with intended players.
- Expose only the game port required for play; keep operating-system and Docker administration ports restricted.
- Run the server with the least privilege that still permits access to its world and mod directories.
- Back up before changing mods, Terraria, or tModLoader.
- Keep a copy of the known-good enabled-mod list and version pairing.
- Review logs after updates and after any unexplained disconnect or world error.
Bottom line
A dependable Thorium server is mostly a consistency and networking project: pin a compatible Terraria/tModLoader/Thorium pairing, install the same dependency set on both sides, configure the world and server settings, expose TCP 7777, and test locally before inviting remote players. Home hosting gives maximum control at the lowest direct cost, Docker on a VPS gives a reproducible remote setup, and managed hosting trades recurring cost for simpler operations.
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