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A WordPress redirect loop after migration almost always means that two layers disagree about the site’s canonical URL. Set one exact public URL (HTTPS or HTTP, www or non-www, path, and trailing-slash convention), make WordPress and the database use it, then correct proxy, server, CDN, and plugin rules so only one layer performs each redirect.
Start by recording the redirect chain and making a complete backup. Do not change several layers simultaneously; the first response that sends the browser to the wrong scheme or host identifies the layer to fix.
What a redirect loop looks like
Browsers report messages such as ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS, “This page isn’t working,” or an endless sequence of redirects. A migration can produce a loop on the entire site, only on /wp-admin, or only on particular old URLs.
The browser is following HTTP 3xx responses, but each response points to a URL that leads back to the previous one. Typical cycles include:
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- HTTP and HTTPS: the proxy tells WordPress a request is HTTP, WordPress redirects to HTTPS, and the proxy sends the next HTTPS request to WordPress as HTTP again.
- www and non-www: the web server canonicalizes one host while a CDN, plugin, or WordPress setting canonicalizes the other.
- Old and new domains: a migration rule points to the new domain while stale database values or a plugin point back to the old one.
- Path or slash differences: one layer adds a path or trailing slash and another removes it.
- Admin-only authentication loops: cookies, URL constants, or a plugin cause repeated redirects between the login and dashboard URLs.
WordPress identifies conflicting URL settings, mixed HTTP/HTTPS values in the database, proxy or CDN settings, web-server rules, and plugins as common causes of “too many redirects.” Its application redirect API, wp_redirect(), must be considered together with server and proxy redirects when you trace a chain.
1. Capture the exact redirect chain before changing anything
Knowing every hop prevents guesswork. Use a private browser window with developer tools, or run:
curl -I -L https://your-public-host.example/Replace the example host with the address visitors use. The output shows each response status and its Location header. Record the URL, status code, and whether the response came from the CDN, web server, or WordPress. In browser developer tools, open the Network panel, reload the page, and inspect the initiating request and each redirect response.
What to look for
- Alternation between
http://andhttps://. - Alternation between
www.exampleandexample. - A hop that changes the path or adds and removes a trailing slash.
- A response header or body that identifies a CDN, Nginx, Apache, or WordPress.
- Whether the loop starts at the homepage, an old URL, or
/wp-admin/.
Do not edit the database, proxy, server rules, and plugins at the same time. Preserve the original chain so you can tell which change solved the problem.
2. Back up the site before migration repairs
The WordPress migration handbook recommends backing up the WordPress directory, all files, and the database before migration work. Keep the backup outside the web root and verify that you can restore it. At minimum, retain:
- The complete WordPress files, including
wp-content, uploads, themes, plugins, andwp-config.php. - A database export containing
wp_optionsand the rest of the WordPress tables. - Current Nginx, Apache, virtual-host, CDN, and load-balancer configuration.
- A record of the old and intended public URLs and DNS settings.
A redirect fix can make the front end appear healthy while leaving an incorrect database or proxy setting that will break the next deployment. A tested backup lets you reverse an unsuccessful change.
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Write the desired URL in full before editing anything. It must specify the scheme, host, path, and slash convention, for example https://www.example.com/blog. Decide all of these together:
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- Scheme: use HTTPS when TLS is the public standard.
- Host: choose either the www or non-www form.
- Path: include a subdirectory if WordPress is installed or publicly served there.
- Trailing slash: keep the convention already used by the site and its rewrite rules.
WordPress distinguishes two settings:
- WordPress Address (URL): where the WordPress core files reside.
- Site Address (URL): the address visitors type to reach the site.
When both addresses are the same, use the exact canonical URL for each. WordPress states that both settings should include the https:// part when HTTPS is canonical and should not have a slash at the end. A deliberate difference is valid only when WordPress core is in a separate directory; do not create a difference accidentally during migration.
4. Correct home and siteurl in the database
In the WordPress database, inspect the wp_options table (the table prefix may not be wp_). The option_name values are siteurl and home. Both values must match the canonical scheme, host, and path you selected.
Using a database tool
- Open the database selected by the installation’s
DB_NAMEvalue inwp-config.php. - Open the options table for that installation.
- Find
siteurlandhome. - Replace stale HTTP, old-domain, www, non-www, or path values with the exact canonical URL, without a final slash.
- Save, clear any object or page cache, and test the homepage before changing another layer.
Using SQL
After taking a database backup, an administrator can update the values with SQL. Substitute the real table prefix and canonical URL:
UPDATE wp_options
SET option_value = 'https://www.example.com/blog'
WHERE option_name IN ('home', 'siteurl');Run this only against the intended WordPress database. A wrong table prefix or database can alter another site on the same server.
WordPress’s HTTPS migration code can update home and siteurl to HTTPS and replace insecure URLs after an HTTPS move. That automatic behavior does not correct a conflicting proxy header, server rule, or stale constant, so inspect those layers as well.
5. Check WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL in wp-config.php
The constants WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL override the corresponding values in wp_options. They are useful for regaining access when the database contains an unusable URL, but they can hide stale database values if left in place permanently.
Temporary recovery override
Place these lines above the “That’s all, stop editing” line in wp-config.php, using the exact canonical URL and no trailing slash:
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define('WP_HOME', 'https://www.example.com/blog');
define('WP_SITEURL', 'https://www.example.com/blog');Use matching values unless core files genuinely live at a different address. Test the site and dashboard. Once the database has been corrected, remove temporary constants if they are no longer required, then confirm that the database values alone produce the right result.
How to spot an override conflict
- The database shows the new URL, but WordPress keeps redirecting to the old one.
- Changing
wp_optionshas no visible effect. - A deployment template or environment variable rewrites
wp-config.phpon every release.
Search the active configuration and deployment process for both constant names. Do not define one constant with the old URL and the other with the new URL.
6. Fix HTTPS detection behind a CDN or reverse proxy
A frequent migration failure occurs when TLS terminates at a CDN, load balancer, or reverse proxy while the connection from that proxy to WordPress is plain HTTP. WordPress’s developer documentation warns: “If WordPress is hosted behind a reverse proxy that provides SSL, but is hosted itself without SSL, these options will initially send any requests into an infinite redirect loop.”
The public request is HTTPS, but WordPress sees an HTTP origin request. WordPress then redirects to HTTPS on every request, and the proxy repeats the same condition.
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Headers the proxy must preserve
X-Forwarded-Proto: https(or the equivalent header configured by your proxy), so the origin can recognize the original scheme.- The original host, normally through
HostorX-Forwarded-Host, so WordPress does not construct URLs for an internal hostname.
Configure the proxy to send these headers and configure WordPress or the web server to trust them only from that proxy. Do not blindly trust user-supplied forwarding headers when the origin is directly reachable from the internet.
Illustrative WordPress HTTPS detection
Deployments commonly translate a trusted forwarded protocol into the HTTPS server variable before WordPress loads:
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'])
&& 'https' === strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'])) {
$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}The exact implementation depends on the proxy and web server. Apply it only when the header is added by infrastructure you control, and ensure the proxy removes or overwrites a client-supplied value.
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When the host header is wrong
WordPress’s reverse-proxy FAQ explains that a proxy can overwrite HTTP_HOST. If WordPress receives an internal host, it may redirect visitors away from the public domain. Pass the public host and, where appropriate for the deployment, set the host from SERVER_NAME or HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST. The correct choice depends on which value your trusted proxy supplies; do not copy a host-rewrite rule without verifying that value.
7. Audit web-server and rewrite rules
After the database and proxy agree on the canonical URL, inspect the origin server. Migration changes often leave an old domain, an HTTP-to-HTTPS rule, or a www rule in more than one place.
Apache and .htaccess
- Review the document root’s
.htaccessand any vhost-level rewrite configuration. - Look for rules that redirect the old domain to the new domain while another rule redirects the new domain back.
- Check for duplicate HTTP-to-HTTPS or www/non-www rules.
- Confirm that the WordPress front-controller rewrite is not being redirected before it reaches WordPress.
WordPress warns that rewrite or redirect files may need updating after a site URL change. Make one layer responsible for canonicalization and remove equivalent rules from lower layers where possible.
Nginx
- Inspect every
serverblock for the old and new host names. - Check
return 301,rewrite, and scheme-detection logic. - Verify that the TLS virtual host proxies to the intended upstream and forwards the original host and protocol.
- Reload configuration only after validating syntax and keep a copy of the last known-good file.
If curl -I -L shows the first redirect before any WordPress-specific header or cookie, the web server or proxy is a likely owner. If the first response is generated after WordPress receives the request, inspect application settings and plugins.
8. Check CDN and edge redirect rules
CDN dashboards often contain separate settings for “Always use HTTPS,” host redirects, page rules, edge functions, origin host names, and cache behavior. A migration can leave an old rule active after DNS changes.
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- List every edge rule that matches the affected host and path.
- Disable duplicate canonicalization rules temporarily, leaving only the intended public redirect.
- Confirm that the CDN forwards the public host and original scheme to the origin.
- Purge cached redirects after changing a rule; browsers and intermediary caches can retain permanent responses.
- Repeat the redirect trace from an uncached client and from a location outside your normal network.
A CDN should not redirect HTTPS back to HTTP merely because the origin connection is HTTP. That is a proxy HTTPS-detection problem, not a reason to weaken the public URL.
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If the public homepage works but /wp-admin/ or /wp-login.php loops, first clear cookies for the domain and test in a private window. Old cookies can preserve an invalid domain or secure-cookie state after a domain or scheme change.
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Temporarily disable all plugins
- Back up the files first.
- Using SFTP or the hosting file manager, rename
wp-content/pluginsto a temporary name such asplugins.disabled. - Test the login and dashboard.
- If the loop stops, restore the directory name and deactivate plugins in smaller groups until the conflicting plugin is identified.
- Update or reconfigure the responsible plugin, especially any redirect, SSL, cache, security, or login plugin.
Renaming the directory is a recovery test, not a permanent configuration. Do not leave production plugins disabled without deciding which ones the site requires.
Other admin checks
- Confirm that both URL settings use the same scheme and host as the dashboard address.
- Remove stale forced-login, maintenance-mode, or canonical-domain rules from plugins.
- Clear page, object, and CDN caches after changing URL or SSL settings.
- Check that the browser is not automatically upgrading or blocking cookies for the old domain.
10. Identify the redirect owner with a controlled comparison
| Layer | Typical evidence | Change type | Access needed |
|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress database | home or siteurl points to the wrong scheme, host, or path. |
Durable application setting; preserves the chosen public URL. | Database access or an administrator who can edit settings. |
wp-config.php constants |
Database edits appear ineffective because WP_HOME or WP_SITEURL supplies another value. |
Usually temporary recovery override; durable only when managed intentionally. | File or deployment access. |
| Reverse proxy or CDN | HTTPS alternates with HTTP, or the origin sees an internal host. | Infrastructure fix; preserves HTTPS at the public edge. | CDN, load-balancer, or proxy administration. |
| Web server | The first Location appears before WordPress and alternates hosts or schemes. |
Server canonicalization rule; should be the single owner for that redirect. | Nginx, Apache, or virtual-host access. |
| Plugin or theme | The loop begins after WordPress loads, often only for login or selected paths. | Application change; may be temporary while isolating the conflict. | WordPress admin or filesystem access. |
Change one owner at a time, rerun the same request, and compare the chain. This approach preserves the public URL while narrowing the fault.
11. Troubleshoot by the pattern you observe
HTTP to HTTPS, then back to HTTP
Verify that the public URL, database values, and constants all use HTTPS. Then inspect X-Forwarded-Proto and the origin’s HTTPS detection. The proxy must communicate that the original request was HTTPS; otherwise WordPress will continue issuing the same redirect.
www to non-www, then back to www
Choose one host and search the CDN, web server, database, constants, and redirect plugins for rules that select the other. Leave one host redirect in one layer and remove duplicate rules elsewhere.
New domain to old domain
Check home, siteurl, WP_HOME, WP_SITEURL, server aliases, CDN host rules, and plugin settings. Also inspect generated links and canonical tags after the redirect is fixed; they can reveal a stale value even when the homepage loads.
Only old URLs loop
Review migration redirects and rewrite rules for path-specific cycles. Test representative old URLs individually with curl -I -L. A broad domain redirect should end at the canonical path once, not pass through another rule that returns it to the old structure.
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Only the dashboard loops
Clear cookies, disable plugins by renaming the plugins directory, and verify that the dashboard URL is not using a different host or scheme. If the public site works while the dashboard does not, focus on secure-cookie, login, and plugin rules rather than adding another global redirect.
12. Retest the complete migration
After the durable fix is in place, test from a clean browser session and from the command line. The expected results are:
- The non-canonical scheme or host performs one redirect to the canonical URL.
- The canonical homepage returns HTTP status
200. - Login succeeds and the dashboard remains on the canonical host and scheme.
- Media, stylesheets, scripts, and image URLs use the intended scheme and host.
- Representative old URLs resolve once to their intended new locations.
- No redirect chain alternates between the proxy and origin.
Use both the homepage and a deep URL because path-specific rewrite rules can fail even when the front page is correct. Check the response after clearing CDN and page caches, and test with cookies removed so a stale session does not hide the result.
Clean up recovery edits
Remove temporary constants, diagnostic code, and renamed plugin directories after confirming the database and proxy fixes. Keep only the canonicalization rule that has a clear owner. Document the final public URL, proxy headers, server rule, and database values so the next migration does not recreate the conflict.
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Preventing another redirect loop
- Record the canonical scheme, host, path, and slash convention before changing DNS or files.
- Back up the WordPress directory, files, and database before migration work.
- Change database URLs, configuration constants, proxy headers, and server rules in a planned order.
- Ensure only one layer performs each host or scheme redirect.
- Test the homepage, dashboard, media, and old URLs immediately after cutover.
- Keep forwarding headers restricted to trusted infrastructure and verify the origin’s HTTPS detection.
- Remove temporary overrides once the durable database and infrastructure settings are correct.
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