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Use an Ubuntu control node to run an Ansible playbook against an Ubuntu web host. The playbook installs Nginx, copies your static files into a document root, renders a server block from a Jinja2 template, enables that site, allows TCP port 80 through UFW, and restarts Nginx whenever configuration changes. The result is a repeatable HTTP deployment rather than a sequence of manual SSH commands.
This guide follows the procedure documented by DigitalOcean on April 15, 2021, while using a named Nginx site file so the layout is easier to extend. It covers plain HTTP only. DNS, TLS certificates, HTTPS redirects, secret handling, rollback, monitoring, caching policy, and least-privilege SSH require additional configuration.
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Ansible runs from a control node. It connects over SSH to one or more managed Ubuntu hosts, elevates privileges for system tasks, and applies the same desired state each time you run the playbook.
- Control node: the machine where Ansible is installed and where the inventory, playbook, template, and local website files live.
- Managed host: the Ubuntu server that receives Nginx, the website files, the server-block configuration, and the firewall rule.
- Document root: the remote directory Nginx reads when a request arrives, such as
/var/www/example.com. - Server block: Nginx configuration that binds a hostname and port to a document root and defines how requests are resolved.
- Handler: a task triggered only when a notifying task changes something, so Nginx is restarted after a changed configuration.
A browser requests port 80 on the server. Nginx selects the matching server block, looks below the configured root, and returns the requested HTML file. The playbook also permits TCP port 80 in UFW; without that rule, a correctly configured Nginx process can still be unreachable from the network.
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Prerequisites and boundaries
Control-node requirements
- An Ubuntu machine on which you can install Ansible Core. Use the distribution-specific installation instructions in the Ansible Core installation guide for the Ubuntu release running your control node.
- Network connectivity from the control node to the managed host over SSH.
- An SSH account with permission to use privilege escalation. The example command uses the account name
sammyand asks for the escalation password with-K. - Your static site files available in a local directory.
Managed-host requirements
- An Ubuntu host with a reachable address and an SSH service.
- Permission for the Ansible account to become root. The playbook uses
become: truebecause package installation, Nginx configuration, the service manager, and UFW require system privileges. - A hostname value for the Nginx
server_name. During initial testing you can use the host’s address or a temporary name, but public DNS is a separate task.
What this procedure does not configure
The documented procedure serves plain HTTP on port 80. It does not create DNS records, obtain TLS certificates, force HTTPS, store secrets, implement least-privilege SSH, provide an automated rollback or blue-green release, define caching headers, or add monitoring. Treat those as production follow-up work rather than as outcomes of this playbook.
Create an Ansible project
Keep the inventory, playbook, template, and site content together so the deployment can be reviewed and repeated. A practical layout is:
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static-site-ansible/
├── inventory
├── playbook.yml
├── templates/
│ └── nginx-site.j2
└── site/
├── index.html
├── about.html
├── css/
│ └── site.css
└── images/
└── logo.svgThe site directory is local to the control node. The playbook copies its contents to the remote document root. Keeping the website under version control lets you review both content and infrastructure changes together.
Define the inventory
Create a file named inventory and put the managed host in a group that the playbook targets:
[web]
web1 ansible_host=203.0.113.10Replace the documentation address with the real address of your Ubuntu server. The inventory name, web1, is only an Ansible label; the ansible_host value is where SSH connects. If your SSH account or key differs from the command shown later, set those connection details in inventory or pass them on the command line.
Before changing the server, verify that Ansible can establish a connection and escalate privileges:
ansible -i inventory web -m ansible.builtin.ping -u sammy -KA successful ping module response confirms that Ansible reached the host and authenticated. It does not yet install Nginx or copy files.
Choose deployment variables
The tutorial uses variables named server_name, document_root, and app_root. Defining them in one place makes the same tasks reusable for another hostname or site directory. The following values are examples; change them to match your deployment:
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server_name: example.com
document_root: /var/www/example.com
app_root: "{{ playbook_dir }}/site"app_root points to the local content directory relative to the playbook. document_root is the absolute path on the managed host. The two paths are intentionally different: Ansible reads the first and writes the second.
Write the Nginx Jinja2 template
Create templates/nginx-site.j2 with a server block that listens on port 80, serves the selected root, declares the index files, and resolves extensionless requests in the same way as the documented example:
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listen 80;
server_name {{ server_name }};
root {{ document_root }};
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri.html $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}The server_name variable is rendered into the hostname directive. The root directive tells Nginx where the copied files live. Requests are tested first with an appended .html, then as the requested path, then as a directory; Nginx returns 404 when none exists.
Use a file under /etc/nginx/sites-available and enable it through /etc/nginx/sites-enabled. Ubuntu’s official documentation describes the same layout: its default single-site block serves /var/www/html through /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default, while site-specific files belong in sites-available.
Build the playbook
Save the following as playbook.yml. It installs Nginx, creates the document root, copies the site, renders a named configuration, enables it with a symbolic link, permits HTTP in UFW, and validates the resulting Nginx configuration before the handler restarts the service.
---
- name: Deploy a static HTML site
hosts: web
become: true
vars:
server_name: example.com
site_name: example.com
document_root: /var/www/example.com
app_root: "{{ playbook_dir }}/site"
tasks:
- name: Install Nginx
ansible.builtin.apt:
name: nginx
state: present
update_cache: yes
- name: Create the document root
ansible.builtin.file:
path: "{{ document_root }}"
state: directory
mode: '0755'
- name: Copy static site files
ansible.builtin.copy:
src: "{{ app_root }}/"
dest: "{{ document_root }}/"
- name: Install the Nginx server block
ansible.builtin.template:
src: nginx-site.j2
dest: "/etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ site_name }}"
mode: '0644'
notify: Restart Nginx
- name: Enable the Nginx site
ansible.builtin.file:
src: "/etc/nginx/sites-available/{{ site_name }}"
dest: "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/{{ site_name }}"
state: link
- name: Allow HTTP through UFW
community.general.ufw:
rule: allow
port: '80'
proto: tcp
- name: Validate Nginx configuration
ansible.builtin.command: nginx -t
changed_when: false
handlers:
- name: Restart Nginx
ansible.builtin.service:
name: nginx
state: restartedThe firewall task uses the Ansible UFW module and allows TCP port 80, matching the documented procedure. If the UFW collection is not available in your Ansible installation, install the collection appropriate to your environment or apply the equivalent UFW rule separately; the essential result is an allow rule for TCP port 80.
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Understand each task and its order
Install Nginx with an updated package index
The apt task requests the nginx package with state: present. update_cache: yes refreshes the package index before installation. An already installed package remains present, so rerunning the playbook does not reinstall it.
Create a predictable document root
The directory task ensures that the destination exists before files are copied. The example uses a directory mode of 0755, allowing Nginx to traverse the path while keeping directory contents managed by the deployment.
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Copy the site directory
With a trailing slash on both src and dest, Ansible copies the contents of site into the document root rather than creating an extra nested site directory. Relative links in your HTML must therefore assume the document root is the site root.
Render configuration from a template
The template task turns the Jinja2 variables into an ordinary Nginx configuration file. A change to the rendered file notifies the handler. If the file is unchanged, the handler is not called for that task.
Enable the site with a symbolic link
Nginx reads enabled sites from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled. The symbolic link points back to the source file in sites-available, keeping the editable configuration and the enabled configuration separate.
Permit the network path
UFW is configured for TCP port 80. This is the port used by the server block and by ordinary HTTP requests. Opening a different port does not make this configuration reachable.
Validate before restarting
nginx -t checks the rendered configuration syntax and referenced files. Keeping this check in the playbook makes a malformed template visible during the run instead of silently replacing a working process with a broken configuration.
Restart through a handler
The handler named Restart Nginx restarts the service only after a notifying change. This avoids restarting Nginx on every run when the configuration is already current.
Run the deployment
From the project directory, execute the documented command:
ansible-playbook -i inventory playbook.yml -u sammy -K- Ansible reads hosts from
inventoryand selects thewebgroup. -u sammytells Ansible which SSH account to use.-Kprompts for the privilege-escalation password. Do not place that password in the playbook.- The package, directory, copy, template, link, firewall, and validation tasks run in order.
- If the template changed, Ansible runs the Nginx restart handler after the main tasks complete.
Read the recap at the end of the run. A successful execution should show the host as reachable without a failed task. On a first run, changes are expected for package installation, the document root, copied files, the configuration, the link, and the firewall rule. A later run should report fewer changes when nothing has been modified.
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Verify the result from the server and a client
Check the service and configuration on Ubuntu
SSH to the managed host and run:
sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl status nginxThe configuration test should report valid syntax. The service status should show Nginx running. If the test fails, fix the rendered server block or its paths before trying another restart.
Confirm the files are where Nginx expects them
ls -la /var/www/example.com
ls -la /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com
ls -la /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/example.comCheck that index.html is directly below the document root and that the enabled path is a symbolic link to the file in sites-available.
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Request the site
Use the configured hostname once DNS points to the server. Before DNS is ready, test with the server address and an explicit Host header so Nginx selects the intended server_name:
curl -I -H 'Host: example.com' http://203.0.113.10/A successful response demonstrates that the request reached port 80 and that Nginx returned a response from the selected site. A browser test is useful after the command-line check, because it also exercises the page’s linked CSS, images, and relative URLs.
Use the Ubuntu default site carefully
The DigitalOcean example writes /etc/nginx/sites-available/default and links /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default. That is convenient for a single demonstration site. Ubuntu’s default server block already serves /var/www/html, so replacing it can be appropriate for a disposable server but is risky when other sites or administrator changes depend on it.
For a maintained deployment, use a distinct filename such as example.com, as in the playbook above. Make sure an old enabled default block is not competing for the same request. Do not remove or disable an existing site until you have inspected its purpose and confirmed that the new server block covers every hostname it served.
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Common failures and fixes
Ansible cannot connect to the host
- Confirm that the address in
ansible_hostis reachable from the control node. - Check the SSH username passed with
-uand verify that its key or password is accepted. - Run the ping module again with increased verbosity if you need to distinguish an authentication error from a network error.
Privilege escalation fails
The package, Nginx, and UFW tasks require root privileges. Confirm that the SSH account is allowed to become root and that -K is prompting for the correct escalation password. A successful SSH login alone does not prove that become: true will work.
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The copy task cannot find the site
app_root is resolved on the control node. Check that site/index.html exists relative to playbook.yml and that the source expression ends in /. A typo in app_root prevents Ansible from transferring any content.
Nginx reports a syntax error
Run sudo nginx -t on the managed host and inspect the generated file under /etc/nginx/sites-available. Typical causes are an invalid Jinja2 value, a missing semicolon, a duplicate or conflicting server block, or a document-root path that was mistyped. Correct the template and rerun the playbook; do not bypass the validation task.
The browser cannot connect
- Check that Nginx is running and listening on port 80.
- Confirm that UFW has the TCP port 80 allow rule applied by the playbook.
- Verify that the request is going to the server’s current address.
- If you are using a hostname, check DNS separately; DNS is not configured by this procedure.
Nginx returns 404 for an existing page
Confirm that the file is below document_root, that the filename’s case matches the URL, and that the server block’s root value is the same path used by the copy task. The template’s try_files rule checks $uri.html, then $uri, then a directory; a file outside that root cannot be returned.
The wrong site appears
An enabled default block or another server block may be handling the request. Inspect the files and links under /etc/nginx/sites-enabled, compare their server_name directives, and send a request with the intended Host header. Keep only the site blocks that should answer the hostname, and validate the resulting configuration before restarting.
Adapt the playbook for repeated deployments
Deploy several hosts
Add additional machines to the [web] inventory group. The same tasks then apply to each host, with each machine receiving the same rendered configuration and site content. If hosts need different roots or names, move the variables into host- or group-specific variable files rather than duplicating tasks.
Change the site content
Replace or edit files under the local site directory and rerun the playbook. The copy task transfers changed content while the template handler is concerned only with Nginx configuration. This separates an HTML release from a server-block change, even though both are delivered by one playbook.
Change the hostname or root
Update server_name, site_name, and document_root together when creating a new site. The template and symbolic-link destinations derive from those variables, so inconsistent values can leave files in one directory while Nginx serves another.
Prefer reloads when your policy permits
The documented procedure uses a handler that restarts Nginx. A reload can reduce connection interruption for configuration-only changes, but choose the service action deliberately and keep the configuration test before it. The important property is that a validated change triggers the service action automatically.
Production work still required
A working HTTP response is only the deployment baseline. Before exposing a real site, plan the remaining controls according to your environment:
- DNS: publish records that point the site hostname to the server address and allow time for them to propagate.
- TLS and HTTPS: obtain and renew a certificate, configure a TLS listener, and decide whether HTTP should redirect to HTTPS.
- Secrets: keep private keys, credentials, and escalation data out of the repository and ordinary task output.
- SSH permissions: use an account and key policy with only the access required for deployment.
- Release safety: retain a previous site version, define how to restore it, and decide whether staged or blue-green deployment is necessary.
- Performance policy: choose cache-control headers, compression, and asset versioning based on the site’s needs rather than assuming defaults.
- Operations: add monitoring, log retention, alerting, and a tested recovery procedure.
Those decisions are intentionally outside the plain-HTTP example. Keeping them separate prevents a simple static-site playbook from implying that a server is fully hardened merely because Nginx answered on port 80.
Quick Recap
Deployment checklist
- Ansible is installed on the Ubuntu control node using the appropriate Ansible Core instructions.
- The inventory identifies every target under the group used by the playbook.
- The SSH account can connect and obtain the required privileges.
site/index.htmland all referenced assets exist on the control node.server_name,site_name,document_root, andapp_rootagree with one another.- The Jinja2 template contains the intended port, root, index files, hostname, and
try_filesbehavior. - The site is enabled through a link from
sites-enabledtosites-available. - UFW permits TCP port 80.
nginx -tsucceeds before the handler restarts the service.- A request using the intended hostname returns the expected HTML.
- DNS, HTTPS, secrets, rollback, monitoring, and hardening are tracked as separate production tasks.
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