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To deploy a database with Coolify, first connect an SSH-capable VPS to Coolify, then create a database resource inside a project and environment, select the server and destination, verify the generated persistent volume, and choose Start. Coolify runs the database as a Docker container on that server. Keep the generated volume mounted at the database image’s expected path, use the generated internal URL for applications on the same destination network, and configure database-aware backups to storage outside the VPS.
What Coolify does when it deploys a database
Coolify is the control plane; Docker on the connected server runs the workload. Its documentation describes the model plainly: Coolify deploys standalone databases as containers on the server and network you select. The VPS therefore supplies CPU, memory, disk, networking and operating-system access, while Coolify generates and applies the container configuration.
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This is different from a managed database service. You are responsible for choosing adequate VPS resources, controlling network exposure, preserving storage, configuring backups and verifying that a restore works. Coolify automates resource creation and container operations, but a successful container health check does not prove that application queries, data integrity or backups are correct.
Prepare the VPS and Coolify
VPS requirements
- An SSH-capable VPS or other reachable server that Coolify can connect to.
- Sufficient CPU, RAM and disk capacity for the selected database, its indexes, logs, temporary files and growth.
- Fast enough disk performance for the workload. Transaction-heavy relational databases and analytical workloads can be particularly sensitive to storage latency.
- A region and network plan appropriate for the application’s users and traffic limits.
- Firewall controls at both the VPS/provider layer and, where applicable, the operating system.
- A separate destination for backups, such as an S3-compatible object-storage bucket or another server. A local volume on the VPS is not an independent backup.
Coolify’s documentation names VPS and other SSH-capable infrastructure but does not endorse a particular provider. Compare providers on SSH access, CPU and RAM options, disk performance and capacity, region, network limits, firewall controls, snapshots and the ability to send backups to an independent location.
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Connect the server to Coolify
- In Coolify, add the VPS as a server using its SSH connection details.
- Confirm that Coolify can reach the server and that Docker is available there.
- Create or open the project and environment in which the database will live.
- Identify the destination on that server where the database container should run. Keep applications that need private database access on the same destination network when practical.
Do not expose a database to the public internet merely because an external client needs access. Decide first whether every client can use the private network. If public access is unavoidable, use an explicit port mapping, restrict the source addresses with the VPS and provider firewalls, use strong generated credentials, and enable SSL or the engine’s equivalent encrypted transport where supported.
Choose the database engine
Select an engine based on the application’s data model and driver compatibility, not on the shortest setup wizard. Coolify’s documented one-click database resources use the following default internal ports and storage paths.
| Engine | Best fit | Default internal port | Default data path | Coolify backup workflow |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PostgreSQL | Relational workloads | 5432 | Before version 18: /var/lib/postgresql/data; version 18 and later: /var/lib/postgresql |
Scheduled database-aware backups |
| MySQL | Relational workloads | 3306 | /var/lib/mysql |
Scheduled database-aware backups |
| MariaDB | MySQL-compatible relational workloads | 3306 | /var/lib/mysql |
Scheduled database-aware backups |
| MongoDB | Document workloads | 27017 | /data/db and /data/configdb |
Scheduled database-aware backups |
| Redis | Cache, queue, stream and key-value workloads | 6379 | /data |
Persistent storage; no standalone scheduled database-backup workflow documented |
| Dragonfly | Redis-compatible workloads | 6379 | /data |
Persistent storage; no standalone scheduled database-backup workflow documented |
| KeyDB | Redis-compatible workloads | 6379 | /data |
Persistent storage; no standalone scheduled database-backup workflow documented |
| ClickHouse | Analytical and columnar workloads | 9000 | /var/lib/clickhouse |
Scheduled database-aware backups |
The port in the table is the engine’s default internal port. An application on the same Coolify destination should normally use the generated internal URL rather than a public IP and published port. Port mappings are for clients that truly must connect from outside the private network.
Deploy the database in Coolify
1. Create the resource
- Open the target project and environment.
- Choose Create New Resource.
- Select the database engine that matches your application.
- Choose the connected server and destination.
- Review the generated credentials, database name, user, port and other settings before proceeding. Store the credentials in the application’s secret-management mechanism rather than committing them to source control.
Resource creation prepares the configuration. It does not, by itself, mean that the database process is already running.
2. Verify persistent storage before starting
Open Configuration > Persistent Storage. Confirm that the generated named volume is mounted at the path expected by the selected image. The path matters because the database writes its files inside that directory. A volume mounted at a different directory can leave the expected data directory empty, causing a new database initialization or a startup failure.
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Pay particular attention when selecting PostgreSQL images. PostgreSQL images before version 18 use /var/lib/postgresql/data; PostgreSQL 18 and later use /var/lib/postgresql. The volume must match the path used by the image version you selected. Do not remove or casually rename the generated mount after data has been created.
3. Start the container
- After checking the engine settings and persistent-storage mount, choose Start.
- Wait for the container to start and for its Docker health check to report a healthy state.
- Record the generated internal URL and credentials in the location your application deployment can read.
Coolify can recreate the container while retaining its named volume. That replacement behavior is useful for ordinary redeployments, but it depends on preserving the same volume and correct mount path.
Connect an application to the database
Use the internal URL for same-destination applications
For an application running on the same Coolify destination network, use the database resource’s generated Internal URL. This keeps traffic on the private container network and avoids publishing the database port. Copy the complete URL, including the scheme, host, port, database name and any required credentials or parameters, into the application’s environment-variable configuration.
Use the database driver and connection options expected by the application. A PostgreSQL application must use a PostgreSQL-compatible driver, for example; changing only the hostname cannot make an incompatible engine work. Restart or redeploy the application after changing its environment variables so the process reads the new value.
Connect from an external client
An administrator’s workstation, reporting service or another server outside the Coolify destination cannot use the private internal URL. For that case:
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- Explicitly configure public access or a port mapping for the database resource.
- Allow only required source addresses in the VPS and provider firewalls. Avoid opening the database port to every IPv4 and IPv6 address.
- Use the correct engine port: 5432 for PostgreSQL, 3306 for MySQL or MariaDB, 27017 for MongoDB, 6379 for Redis-compatible engines and 9000 for ClickHouse.
- Use SSL or the engine’s supported encrypted transport when the client and server support it.
- Test authentication and a simple read-only connection before allowing application traffic.
Public exposure increases the attack surface and can create unexpected bandwidth or connection load. Prefer a private network, VPN or restricted administrative path whenever the architecture permits it.
Keep data after redeployments and container replacement
Container filesystems are disposable. The named persistent volume is what keeps database files when Coolify replaces or recreates the container. A normal redeploy should therefore preserve data if all of the following remain true:
- The same named volume is still attached to the resource.
- The volume is mounted at the path required by the database image.
- The resource is deployed on the server that owns that local volume.
- The replacement image can read the existing database format.
Coolify states that persistent storage is not a database-aware backup. It protects against ordinary container replacement, not against deletion of the volume, filesystem corruption, a failed upgrade, ransomware, loss of the VPS or an operator mistake that removes the wrong resource.
Storage is local to the deployment server unless shared storage is provided. Moving the resource to another server does not automatically move the local volume. Plan a migration or restore procedure before changing servers, regions or storage systems.
Configure backups that can actually be restored
Database-aware backups
Configure scheduled database-aware backups for PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, MongoDB and ClickHouse. Send the backup files to an S3-compatible bucket or another location separate from the VPS. Keeping the only copy on the same server does not protect against server loss.
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Redis, Dragonfly and KeyDB have persistent storage in Coolify, but the documented one-click workflow does not provide a standalone scheduled database-backup workflow for them. If such a workload is important, define and test an engine-appropriate export, replication or snapshot process rather than assuming that the persistent volume is sufficient.
Set a recovery target
Choose how much data loss and downtime the application can tolerate, then set backup frequency and retention accordingly. The correct schedule is an operational decision for your workload; Coolify’s documentation does not publish a universal performance, reliability or cost figure to use as a default.
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- Use credentials that can write backups but cannot alter unrelated infrastructure.
- Monitor backup jobs and alert on failures, expired credentials or a full destination.
- Encrypt backups in transit and at rest, and restrict who can read them.
Test a restore
- Select a recent backup from the independent destination.
- Restore it into a separate database resource or isolated environment, not over the production volume.
- Verify that the database starts, expected schemas and collections exist, and representative read queries return the expected records.
- Check application-level invariants, such as a user record and a recent transaction, rather than relying only on a container health status.
- Record the time required and any manual steps, then update the runbook.
A backup job that completes successfully is not proof that the archive is usable. Recovery testing is the evidence that your backup process meets its objective.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Understand health checks and routine operations
A database health check is a Docker readiness or liveness probe. It can show that a process is responding, but it does not validate application queries, replication, data integrity or backup recoverability. Treat a healthy status as one signal in operations, not as a complete database audit.
Monitor disk usage, memory pressure, CPU saturation, connection counts, error logs and backup results. Databases often fail because the disk fills or memory is exhausted even while a basic process probe still responds. Set alerts before the VPS reaches capacity, and keep enough free disk for temporary database operations and backup staging.
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Upgrade database images safely
Changing a major image version is not itself a safe database upgrade. Before changing the image:
- Take a fresh database-aware backup and verify that it can be read.
- Confirm the engine’s documented upgrade path, including any required intermediate versions or migration tools.
- Test the upgrade against a restored copy in an isolated environment.
- Schedule maintenance appropriate to the expected downtime and application compatibility.
- Keep the original volume and a verified rollback plan until the upgraded database has passed application checks.
Do not treat a container recreation as an engine upgrade. Recreating a container can preserve the named volume; it does not transform an on-disk database format or guarantee compatibility between major releases.
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
The database starts empty after a redeploy
- Open Configuration > Persistent Storage and confirm that the original named volume is still attached.
- Compare the mount path with the selected image’s expected path. For example, PostgreSQL’s path differs before and from version 18 onward.
- Confirm that the resource is still on the server that owns the local volume.
- Do not initialize the newly appearing empty database with production data until you have checked whether the original volume is detached or mounted elsewhere.
The container will not start
- Check the container logs and health status in Coolify.
- Verify that the volume is writable and mounted at the correct path.
- Check available disk space and memory on the VPS.
- Review image-version changes and configuration values made since the last working deployment.
The application cannot connect
- For an application on the same destination, replace a public hostname with the generated Internal URL.
- Verify the engine, port, database name, username and password.
- Confirm that the application and database are on the intended destination network.
- For external clients, verify the explicit port mapping and firewall source rules, then test SSL settings.
Backups complete but restoration fails
- Check that the backup is from the correct engine and version.
- Restore to an isolated resource and inspect the archive and restore logs.
- Verify that the backup destination has not been pruned, altered or made inaccessible by expired credentials.
- Update the schedule or retention policy only after a successful end-to-end restore test.
How to compare deployment choices
When deciding between engines, compare the application’s workload model, driver compatibility, default port, data path, backup workflow, memory and storage needs, and whether clients are internal-only or external. A cache engine is not a substitute for a relational database simply because both can store key-value data; an analytical engine is designed for a different query pattern than a transactional engine.
When comparing VPS options, evaluate SSH access, CPU and RAM, disk performance and capacity, region, network limits, firewall controls, snapshots and independent backup destinations. Coolify’s documentation does not publish adoption, performance, cost or reliability statistics that would justify a universal provider or hardware recommendation.
Quick Recap
Operational checklist
- Server connected to Coolify over SSH and Docker available.
- Correct project, environment, server and destination selected.
- Generated credentials reviewed and stored securely.
- Named volume attached at the selected image’s expected data path.
- Database started and health status inspected.
- Internal URL supplied to same-destination applications.
- Public access disabled unless an external client requires it.
- Firewall rules limited to required source addresses when public access is enabled.
- Database-aware backups configured for supported engines and sent off the VPS.
- At least one restore tested in an isolated environment.
- Upgrade procedure and rollback plan documented before changing a major image version.
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