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To create a Docker container on a Linux VPS, install Docker Engine, create a container from an image, and start it. For a web service, publish a host port to the port inside the container—for example, -p 8080:80 maps VPS port 8080 to container port 80. The example below uses Ubuntu and the NGINX image; installation steps differ on other Linux distributions.
What you need before creating a container
- A Linux VPS with an operating system supported by the Docker installation instructions you plan to follow.
- Administrative access to install software and run Docker commands. The examples use
sudo. - A Docker image for the application you want to run. The example uses
nginx. - If users need to reach a service from outside the VPS, a host port to publish and firewall rules that permit the intended traffic.
A container is created from an image. The image supplies the application and its configured command; the container is the instance Docker sets up to run that command. Installing Docker Engine is a separate prerequisite: a container cannot be created until Docker is available on the VPS.
Install Docker Engine on the VPS
On Ubuntu, use Docker’s official Ubuntu installation guide and its apt repository instructions. Before installing, check for conflicting or unofficial packages, including docker.io and docker-compose, and follow the official guide’s removal instructions where applicable. Package conflicts can prevent the intended Docker installation from working as expected.
Do not assume an Ubuntu procedure applies unchanged to every Linux VPS. If the VPS runs another distribution, use Docker’s installation instructions for that distribution and verify that its release is supported. The installation commands and supported releases can change; use the current official instructions rather than copying commands intended for a different OS version.
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Create a container and start it
There are two common ways to begin. docker create prepares a container but leaves it stopped; docker start starts that existing container. docker run creates and starts a container in one command.
| Command | What it does | When to use it |
|---|---|---|
docker create |
Creates a container without starting it. | When you want to prepare a container and start it later. |
docker start NAME |
Starts an existing stopped container. | When the container has already been created and you want to start it again. |
docker run |
Creates and starts a container in one step. | For a straightforward first launch. |
Option A: create now, start separately
-
Create a named NGINX container and map VPS port 8080 to container port 80:
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sudo docker create --name web -p 8080:80 nginxThis sets up the container but does not start it.
-
Start the container you just created:
sudo docker start web -
Check the container list, including stopped containers:
sudo docker ps -a
Option B: create and start in one command
For the same example, use:
sudo docker run -d --name web -p 8080:80 nginx
Here, -d runs the container in the background, --name web gives it a predictable name, and -p 8080:80 publishes the port mapping. Check the result with:
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sudo docker ps -a
The container is created with a command to run from its image. In detached mode, it does not stay running after that root process exits. A backgrounded command is not proof that an application has remained available; check the container’s status when diagnosing a failed launch.
Publish a port so the service can be reached
The -p HOST_PORT:CONTAINER_PORT option maps a port on the VPS to a port inside the container. In -p 8080:80, 8080 is the host-side port and 80 is the container-side port. The mapping must match the port on which the application inside the container is configured to listen.
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Without a host IP specified, Docker publishes the port on all interfaces by default (0.0.0.0). That can make the service reachable through the VPS’s network interfaces, subject to the host firewall and any firewall or network controls provided by the VPS host. Review those controls before publishing a service. Publishing a port is not the same as configuring a firewall, and it does not guarantee that an outside connection will succeed.
The uppercase -P option is different from a specific -p mapping: it publishes ports exposed by the image’s Dockerfile EXPOSE instruction or by the --expose flag. Use -p when you want to specify the host-to-container port mapping directly.
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Verify the container and diagnose common problems
The container does not appear in the default list
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The command says the container name is already in use
A name such as web identifies a container, including one that is stopped. Check all containers with sudo docker ps -a and choose a different name if you intend to create another container. If your goal is to use the existing container, start it by its name with sudo docker start web.
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- Confirm the container was created with the intended
-p HOST_PORT:CONTAINER_PORTmapping. - Confirm the application is configured to listen on the container port you mapped.
- Check whether the container is still running with
sudo docker ps; a container whose root process exits will stop. - Review the VPS host firewall and any provider-level firewall or network rules for the host port. Docker’s default all-interface publication does not override those controls.
The container stops shortly after launch
Detached mode only puts a container in the background. It does not keep the container alive if the root process finishes. Check whether the image’s configured command is the service you intend to run and whether that process exits. Also use sudo docker ps -a rather than relying only on docker ps, since the latter lists running containers.
Choosing the simplest command for your use case
For a first container on a VPS, docker run -d --name NAME -p HOST_PORT:CONTAINER_PORT IMAGE is a compact pattern when you want to start immediately, give the container a memorable name, and publish a known port. Replace the example values with the image name and ports your application actually uses.
Use the separate docker create and docker start sequence when you specifically want a created but not-yet-started container. The distinction matters operationally: create alone does not launch the application. In either case, use docker ps for a quick running-container check and docker ps -a when you also need to see stopped containers.
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