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OpenBMC provides two different SSH destinations: the BMC’s own command shell on TCP port 22 and the managed host’s serial console on TCP port 2200. Use ssh USER@BMC_HOST for the BMC shell, or ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST for the host console when that service is enabled by the platform. From a shell already running on the BMC, obmc-console-client attaches to the host console locally.
“Over serial” can also mean a physical serial cable connected directly to the BMC. That connection is board-specific: the connector, pinout, voltage level and terminal settings must come from the exact server or board manual. OpenBMC does not define one universal physical serial interface.
Choose the interface before you connect
An OpenBMC system can expose several paths that are often all called “the console.” They do not lead to the same place, so identify the destination before choosing a command.
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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11| Destination | Transport | Typical command or method | What you get | Primary requirement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMC shell | SSH, TCP port 22 | ssh USER@BMC_HOST |
A command shell running on the BMC operating system | Reachable BMC address, enabled SSH and a valid BMC account |
| Host serial console through OpenBMC | SSH, TCP port 2200 | ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST |
The host machine’s UART console, if the platform routes and enables it | Host UART wiring, console service, TCP 2200 access and authorization |
| Host console from a BMC shell | Local OpenBMC console client | obmc-console-client |
An interactive attachment to the host UART from inside the BMC | A working local console server and configured host UART |
| BMC’s own physical serial console | Board-specific serial hardware | Terminal program and cable defined by the hardware manual | The BMC’s direct console, potentially including bootloader output | Correct connector, pinout, electrical level and terminal settings |
| Host console through IPMI | Network IPMI Serial-over-LAN (SOL), where supported | Platform-specific IPMI SOL commands | The host console through a separately configured management service | Supported and enabled IPMI, credentials and network policy |
Port 2200 is not an alternate BMC shell port. OpenBMC’s interface documentation identifies port 22 as “ssh – shell” and port 2200 as “ssh – host console.” If you need to administer OpenBMC itself, use port 22. If you need boot messages, a login prompt or other UART output from the server host, use port 2200 or the local console client.
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Trace the data path
For a port-22 session, your SSH client talks to the BMC’s SSH service and the resulting shell runs on the BMC. For a port-2200 session, SSH still terminates at the BMC for authentication, but the interactive stream is handed to the host-console service. The BMC’s console server connects the configured host UART to an internal Unix-domain socket; the console client or SSH endpoint then exposes that stream to you. This is why a working BMC shell does not automatically imply a working host console.
What you need before using SSH
- The BMC’s management hostname or IP address, supplied by the system administrator or the platform documentation.
- A network route from your client to the BMC management interface. A host-network address does not necessarily reach the BMC.
- An account provisioned on that BMC and the authentication method it requires.
- SSH enabled on the image, plus the host-console service enabled if you intend to use port 2200.
- Firewall and network ACL rules that permit the required TCP port.
- Permission to access the host console, especially on shared or production management networks.
OpenBMC documentation describes the services and commands, but network addressing, account policy and service enablement vary by hardware platform and image. Do not assume that an account shown in a project example exists on deployed equipment. In particular, root in the compact example ssh -p 2200 root@bmc is an example username, not a universal production recommendation.
Verify the address and route
Confirm that the name resolves to the management interface rather than the server’s operating-system address. If you were given an IP address, verify that it belongs to the BMC VLAN or out-of-band network. A timeout can indicate routing or filtering before it indicates a console problem. Test the address and requested port according to your organization’s approved procedures; do not scan networks that you do not administer.
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Use the account assigned to you, and keep passwords, private keys and one-time credentials out of shell history and shared runbooks. The documented host-console path uses the same login credentials as an ordinary BMC SSH session, but local policy can still restrict which accounts may use the service. If authentication succeeds on port 22 but fails on port 2200, ask the administrator to check the image’s authorization policy rather than repeatedly guessing passwords.
Connect to the BMC shell over SSH
Use the BMC management address and the account assigned to you:
ssh USER@BMC_HOSTBecause no port is specified, SSH uses its default TCP port, 22. Replace USER with the provisioned account and BMC_HOST with the BMC hostname or management IP. If your organization uses a non-default SSH port, follow that platform’s documentation rather than assuming port 22.
Confirm that you reached the BMC
Once authenticated, the prompt and available commands should represent the BMC’s Linux environment, not the host operating system. This shell is where you can inspect OpenBMC services, run obmc-console-client, and perform other BMC administration allowed by your account. A successful port-22 login does not prove that the host-console service on port 2200 is enabled.
Keep the shell session separate from the console session in your notes. Commands entered at the BMC prompt affect the management controller; commands entered after attaching to the host console may affect the server host, its bootloader or its operating system. That distinction matters when documenting maintenance work or reviewing an incident.
Connect to the host serial console over SSH
To bypass an interactive BMC shell and request the host UART console directly, run:
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ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOSTThe OpenBMC console guide specifies the same login credentials used for an ordinary BMC SSH session. The destination is the host’s serial console path, not a second BMC command interpreter. Depending on the host and its firmware, you may see boot output, a bootloader prompt, a kernel console, or a host login prompt.
What must be true for port 2200 to work
- The BMC address must be reachable from your client.
- SSH and the host-console endpoint must be enabled in the particular OpenBMC image.
- The platform must connect a host UART to the BMC’s console service and route it as configured.
- Your account must be authorized by the BMC’s authentication policy.
- Network controls must allow TCP port 2200.
- The host must be powered or otherwise producing output if you expect to see boot or login text.
OpenBMC describes this path at the project level; an individual board can disable or alter it. Therefore, “connection refused” on 2200 can mean a missing or disabled host-console service even when port 22 works normally. A successful connection followed by a blank screen is a different symptom: the service may be reachable while the host is powered off, idle, routed to another UART or configured not to print to the selected console.
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Capture the initial output
When diagnosing boot behavior, connect before powering or rebooting the host so that early firmware messages are not missed. If you connect after boot, press Return once to determine whether a login prompt is waiting. Avoid sending reset, bootloader or power-control keystrokes until you have identified which system is receiving input. The port-2200 session carries host input; it is not a safe place to type BMC shell commands.
Attach to the host console from inside the BMC
If you already have a shell on the BMC, start the local console client:
obmc-console-clientThe OpenBMC architecture separates the console server and client. obmc-console-server abstracts the host UART connection through a Unix-domain socket, while obmc-console-client connects that console to your session. The command works only when the platform has configured a host console and the corresponding service is running.
Typical workflow
- Open an SSH session to the BMC on port 22:
ssh USER@BMC_HOST. - At the BMC prompt, run
obmc-console-client. - Interact with the host’s UART console. What appears depends on host power state, firmware and console routing.
- Use the appropriate escape sequence to leave the console without terminating the outer BMC session.
This two-stage method is useful when port 2200 is filtered but port 22 is permitted, or when you need to inspect the BMC environment before attaching. It also makes the boundary between BMC administration and host interaction visible in your terminal history.
Leave a console session safely
The escape sequence depends on how you entered the console. Type it only when you intend to disconnect; a tilde can otherwise be ordinary input to the host.
Direct connection to port 2200 or a direct console client
Press Return, then type:
~.This disconnects the console session. The initial Return makes the escape sequence unambiguous when the console is waiting for input.
Console client nested inside an SSH session to the BMC
If you first used port 22 and then ran obmc-console-client, press Return and type:
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~~.The doubled tilde passes the escape through the inner console client and the outer SSH connection. If the characters appear on the host instead of closing the session, verify whether you are in a nested session and use the doubled-tilde form. After the inner console exits, you should see the BMC shell prompt again; close the outer SSH session separately when finished.
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What a physical BMC serial connection means
A direct serial cable to the BMC is different from the host UART console exposed on port 2200. It may provide the BMC’s own bootloader and operating-system console, but the exact behavior depends on the board design and firmware configuration. It can remain available when networking is unconfigured, which is why it is often used for first boot or recovery.
Find the electrical and mechanical details
Use the manual for the exact server or board model to identify:
- The connector and pinout.
- Whether the interface is a true RS-232 port, a TTL-level UART, USB-to-serial, or another implementation.
- Required voltage levels and signal direction.
- Terminal settings such as baud rate, data bits, parity and stop bits.
- Whether the port is dedicated to the BMC, shared with the host, or available only during boot.
- Whether a vendor-specific cable, breakout board or adapter is required.
The OpenBMC project documentation does not establish a universal baud rate, voltage, connector or pinout. Do not connect a generic adapter based only on the word “serial”; an electrically incompatible cable can prevent communication or damage hardware. A silent or garbled terminal is a reason to re-check the model-specific manual, not to guess a different setting.
Choose a terminal program
After confirming the interface and settings, use the serial terminal program approved for your operating system and enter the documented parameters. The BMC must be powered and the cable must be attached to the correct management connector. Because these details are hardware-specific, no single command or setting can be stated safely for every OpenBMC device. If the connector is shared, determine whether another service or host device must be disabled before opening the port.
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Serial access can expose bootloader controls and recovery functions that are more privileged than a normal application login. Treat the cable as an administrative credential: use it in a controlled area, disconnect it when finished and record who used it. Never assume that a cable labeled “console” is electrically compatible without checking its documentation.
Use IPMI Serial-over-LAN only when the platform supports it
OpenBMC’s architecture documentation also lists network IPMI as a possible host-console path, and project example platforms demonstrate activating and deactivating IPMI SOL. This is an alternative to SSH port 2200, not a guarantee that every OpenBMC image includes or permits it.
IPMI SOL requires platform firmware support, an enabled IPMI service, suitable account permissions and network policy. Cipher choices, usernames, passwords and activation commands shown for an example platform apply to that example; copy them only when your own platform documentation specifies the same configuration. If the platform provides a working port-2200 console, SSH is usually the more direct documented path for this task.
Compare the methods by destination and dependency: port 22 gives the BMC shell; port 2200 and IPMI SOL target the host console; obmc-console-client requires an existing BMC shell; and a physical cable requires model-specific hardware. Choosing the method this way prevents a failed SOL configuration from being mistaken for a failed UART or SSH service.
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Troubleshoot common connection failures
Port 22 works, but port 2200 is refused or times out
- Confirm that you used
-p 2200and the correct BMC address. - Check whether the platform exposes and enables its host-console service.
- Ask the administrator to verify firewall and ACL rules for TCP 2200.
- Check the platform’s console-service status and configuration from the BMC shell if your account permits it.
- Confirm that the image actually maps a host UART to the console service.
SSH access to the BMC proves only that the shell service is reachable. It does not establish that a host UART is wired, routed or enabled.
Authentication fails
Use the account and credentials provisioned for that BMC. Vendor images, development boards and example platforms can have different users and authentication policies. A published default from one example is not evidence that the same account is present or appropriate on your hardware. Check for account lockout, key-authorization and service-specific restrictions through your administrator rather than trying unrelated credentials.
The host console connects but shows no output
- Verify that the host is powered and has progressed far enough to emit console data.
- Check the platform’s UART routing and host-console configuration.
- Confirm that firmware or the operating system is configured to print to the UART you are viewing.
- Determine whether the host is simply idle; an interactive console can be blank until you press Return.
- Reconnect before a reboot if you need early boot messages.
These checks are platform-dependent. OpenBMC does not promise identical UART assignments or firmware behavior across boards.
The terminal is garbled or completely silent on a physical serial link
Re-check the exact connector, pinout, voltage level and terminal parameters in the hardware manual. A wrong electrical level or pin assignment is more fundamental than a baud-rate mismatch. The project documentation does not provide universal values to substitute for the board manual.
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The escape sequence does not disconnect
Press Return before the escape characters. Use ~. for a direct console connection and ~~. when obmc-console-client is running inside an SSH session to the BMC. In a nested session, a single tilde can be consumed by the inner layer or sent to the host.
The host responds, but input goes to the wrong place
Stop and identify the active layer. A port-22 prompt is the BMC; a port-2200 session and a running console client are host-console paths. If you are in a nested session, do not issue BMC service commands until you have exited the console client. This simple check prevents accidental host reboots or commands entered at the wrong privilege boundary.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Find host-console logs on the BMC
The OpenBMC host-console guide identifies /var/log/obmc-console.log as the console log. It states that the log wraps after reaching its configured limit, currently 16 kB in that documentation. The limit is a configuration note for the documented setup, not a promise that every deployed image uses 16 kB.
If you need historical output, inspect the log before it wraps and check your platform’s logging configuration. A wrapped file cannot provide entries that have already been overwritten. Preserve relevant lines through your approved logging process before restarting services or power-cycling the BMC, because those actions can change what remains available.
Build a repeatable access procedure
- Record the system identifier, BMC hostname or management IP and the intended destination: BMC shell, host console or physical BMC console.
- Confirm the account, authorization and maintenance window.
- Test network reachability to the required service without changing host state.
- Use port 22 for BMC administration or port 2200 for the host UART, never assuming they are interchangeable.
- For local access, run
obmc-console-clientonly after confirming that the platform has a configured console. - Capture useful boot or error output, noting the host power state and time.
- Exit with the correct escape sequence, then close the outer SSH session and disconnect any physical cable.
- Document failures by symptom: timeout, refusal, authentication error, blank console, garbled serial output or incorrect escape behavior.
This procedure gives administrators enough context to distinguish a network problem from a missing service, a host-state problem or an electrical mismatch.
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A practical decision path
- Need BMC administration? Use
ssh USER@BMC_HOSTon port 22. - Need the host’s UART console remotely? Try
ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST, provided the platform documents that service. - Already inside the BMC? Run
obmc-console-clientto attach locally. - Need the BMC’s own boot or recovery console? Use the model-specific physical serial procedure, including its documented electrical requirements.
- SSH console unavailable but IPMI is approved? Check whether the platform supports and enables IPMI SOL, then follow its own commands and security policy.
The reliable way to avoid confusion is to name the destination in every incident or runbook: “BMC shell,” “host console over SSH port 2200,” “local OpenBMC console client,” or “physical BMC serial console.” Those labels describe different services and different failure modes.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I SSH into an OpenBMC BMC?
Use ssh USER@BMC_HOST, which normally connects to the BMC shell on TCP port 22. Replace the placeholders with the account and management hostname or IP assigned for your device.
What is SSH port 2200 on an OpenBMC system?
Port 2200 is the host-console SSH endpoint when the platform enables it. Use ssh -p 2200 USER@BMC_HOST to reach the host UART console, not the BMC command shell.
Can I use the same credentials on ports 22 and 2200?
The OpenBMC console guide documents the same login credentials for the host-console SSH path, but the deployed image may apply account or authorization restrictions. Use credentials provisioned for that BMC.
How do I open the host console after logging into the BMC?
Log in on port 22 and run obmc-console-client. This requires a configured host UART and a running OpenBMC console service.
How do I exit an OpenBMC console session?
For a direct port-2200 or direct console-client session, press Return and type ~.. If the console client is nested inside an SSH shell on the BMC, press Return and type ~~..
Why does port 22 work while port 2200 fails?
The BMC SSH service can be available while the host-console service is disabled, filtered, misconfigured or unsupported by the platform. Verify TCP 2200 access, console-service enablement and host-UART routing.
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The host may be powered off, idle, routed to another UART or configured not to emit output there. Check host power state, firmware and operating-system console settings, and reconnect before boot if you need early output.
What serial settings should I use for a physical BMC console?
There is no universal OpenBMC setting. Use the exact board or server manual for connector, pinout, electrical level, baud rate, data bits, parity and stop bits. A generic adapter can be incompatible or unsafe.
Where are OpenBMC host-console logs stored?
The console guide names /var/log/obmc-console.log. It describes a wrapping limit currently set to 16 kB for that configuration, so older entries may be overwritten.
The Bottom Line
Use SSH port 22 for the OpenBMC shell and SSH port 2200 for the host serial console when the platform provides it. From the BMC shell, obmc-console-client opens the same host-console path locally. A physical BMC serial connection is a separate, board-specific interface: follow the exact hardware manual for its cable, pinout, voltage and terminal settings.
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