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Run Buildbot’s web server on an internal HTTP socket and let Nginx terminate HTTPS. Set Buildbot’s public URL, forward the original request headers, disable Nginx buffering for Server-Sent Events (SSE), and pass WebSocket upgrade headers for /ws. This arrangement follows Buildbot’s production guidance and keeps TLS policy in the component designed to handle it.
What the finished setup looks like
Clients connect to Nginx over HTTPS. Nginx presents the certificate, accepts the browser’s HTTP, SSE, and WebSocket traffic, and proxies it to Buildbot over a loopback HTTP connection. Buildbot listens only on that internal interface, so its web port is not directly exposed to the network.
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|---|---|---|
| Browser to Nginx | https://buildbot.example/ or a URL with a path prefix |
TLS-protected UI, API, SSE, and WebSocket traffic |
| Nginx to Buildbot | http://127.0.0.1:8010/ |
Internal proxy connection to Buildbot’s web server |
| Live events | /sse/ |
Server-Sent Events stream; buffering must be disabled |
| Interactive updates | /ws |
WebSocket connection; HTTP/1.1 upgrade headers are required |
Buildbot’s current web-server documentation says, “It is usually better to put Buildbot behind a reverse proxy in production.” The same documentation discourages using Twisted SSL endpoints as the primary production solution and recommends a reverse proxy with appropriate SSL hardening.
Prerequisites and decisions
Use the documentation for your installed Buildbot release
The current Buildbot page is marked latest/unreleased. Configuration names and endpoint behavior can differ between releases, so check the documentation for the exact version installed on your master before applying an example. Older released documentation also describes Buildbot’s built-in web server as non-SSL and recommends Nginx, Apache, or lighttpd for the HTTP proxy layer.
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Prepare the required components
- A Buildbot master whose web interface is enabled.
- Nginx installed on the same host or on a host that can reach the Buildbot listener.
- A DNS name that resolves to the Nginx server.
- A TLS certificate and private-key files. Their paths and permissions are deployment-specific; protect the key as a secret.
- Firewall rules that allow public HTTPS to Nginx while keeping Buildbot’s internal port private.
- An authentication and authorization plan. HTTPS encrypts traffic but does not log users in or decide which Buildbot actions they may perform.
Choose a public URL shape
Decide whether Buildbot will occupy the host root or a path prefix. A root deployment might use https://buildbot.example/. A prefixed deployment might use https://example/buildbot/. The value must match the URL users actually enter, including the trailing slash and prefix. Buildbot uses buildbotURL when it generates links, redirects, and references to its live endpoints.
1. Bind Buildbot to an internal HTTP listener
Edit the Buildbot master configuration, normally master.cfg, and set the web port to a loopback listener. Port 8010 is an example; use any unused port that you will use consistently in Nginx.
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Set the externally visible base URL in the same configuration:
c['buildbotURL'] = 'https://buildbot.example/'For a path-prefix deployment, use the prefix in the value:
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c['buildbotURL'] = 'https://example/buildbot/'Do not set this to the internal HTTP address. If it is wrong, Buildbot can emit links that point to port 8010, use HTTP instead of HTTPS, or omit the prefix and send the browser to the wrong location.
2. Create the Nginx HTTPS server
Create an Nginx server block for the public hostname. The following shape mirrors the Buildbot documentation example. Replace the hostname, certificate paths, and internal port with values for your deployment.
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
server_name buildbot.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/server.key;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Server $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
location /buildbot/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/;
}
location /buildbot/sse/ {
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/sse/;
}
location /buildbot/ws {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/ws;
proxy_read_timeout 6000s;
}
}If Buildbot is hosted at the root instead of /buildbot/, change the locations and proxy targets to match that layout. Keep the mapping internally consistent: Nginx must remove the external prefix when forwarding if Buildbot itself serves from the root, while buildbotURL retains the public prefix so generated links remain correct.
Certificate directives
ssl_certificate points to the certificate chain file and ssl_certificate_key points to the corresponding private key. Use files managed according to current Nginx and TLS guidance. The exact protocol versions, cipher policy, stapling settings, and renewal mechanism change over time and depend on your operating system and certificate authority; do not copy an old hardening snippet without checking current Nginx documentation.
Forwarded request headers
Buildbot needs the original host, scheme, and client information to reconstruct the request that the user made before Nginx proxied it. The header directives in the example preserve:
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Host: the public host requested by the browser.X-Real-IP: the address Nginx saw as the client.X-Forwarded-For: the proxy chain, with the current client appended.X-Forwarded-Proto: normallyhttpsfor this server block.X-Forwarded-ServerandX-Forwarded-Host: the public server and host values.
Without these headers, redirects or generated links can contain the wrong scheme, hostname, or client context, especially when a path prefix is involved.
3. Proxy ordinary Buildbot pages and API requests
The general location handles the UI and normal HTTP API traffic:
location /buildbot/ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/;
}The trailing slash on both the location and proxy_pass is significant in a prefixed deployment. A request for /buildbot/builders is forwarded as /builders to the internal Buildbot server. If you change one slash or use a different prefix, test the resulting path rather than assuming Nginx will rewrite it as intended.
Place the more specific SSE and WebSocket locations alongside the general location. Nginx selects the more specific prefix for those requests, allowing their special behavior without changing ordinary page handling.
4. Keep live SSE events flowing
Buildbot uses Server-Sent Events for live event delivery. Nginx’s default response buffering can hold event data instead of forwarding each event promptly, making a build page appear frozen even though the build is progressing.
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location /buildbot/sse/ {
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/sse/;
}The location must match the public SSE path and the upstream target must match the path Buildbot serves. Do not apply buffering to only a guessed endpoint; confirm the actual request path in the browser’s Network panel. A successful response may remain open for a long time because it is a stream, not a conventional page request.
5. Proxy WebSockets with an HTTP/1.1 upgrade
Buildbot’s WebSocket endpoint is /ws. WebSockets begin as an HTTP request and then switch protocols, so Nginx must use HTTP/1.1 and pass the upgrade headers.
location /buildbot/ws {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8010/ws;
proxy_read_timeout 6000s;
}The long read timeout prevents an idle but healthy WebSocket from being closed by Nginx during a long build. Choose a timeout appropriate for your workload and reconnect behavior; the documented example uses 6000 seconds. The endpoint is written without a trailing slash in the example, so preserve the path form your Buildbot release expects.
If the browser reports a failed WebSocket handshake while ordinary pages work, inspect the response status and request headers. A 400, 404, or response that never switches protocols usually indicates a path mismatch, missing upgrade headers, or a proxy target that points at the wrong port.
6. Apply and validate the configuration
- Save the Buildbot configuration with the internal
wwwport and the publicbuildbotURL. - Install the Nginx server block in the location used by your distribution and make sure it is enabled.
- Check the Nginx syntax with
nginx -t. Fix every reported error before reloading. - Reload Nginx using your system’s service manager, such as
systemctl reload nginx, or the reload method documented for your installation. - Restart or reconfigure the Buildbot master using the procedure for your installed release so the new
master.cfgvalues take effect. - Open the public HTTPS URL in a browser and confirm that the certificate matches the hostname and that the Buildbot dashboard loads.
- Open a live build page and watch the browser’s Network panel. Confirm that the SSE request remains open and receives events, and that the WebSocket request reaches a connected state when the UI uses it.
- Start or observe a build and verify that links, redirects, and API requests continue to use the public HTTPS host and any configured path prefix.
These checks distinguish an Nginx syntax problem from an endpoint-routing problem. A page that loads proves only that ordinary HTTP proxying works; it does not prove that SSE buffering and WebSocket upgrades are configured correctly.
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Endpoint and path-prefix reference
| Public request | Internal request in the example | Required Nginx behavior |
|---|---|---|
/buildbot/... |
http://127.0.0.1:8010/... |
Standard HTTP proxying and forwarded headers |
/buildbot/sse/... |
http://127.0.0.1:8010/sse/... |
proxy_buffering off |
/buildbot/ws |
http://127.0.0.1:8010/ws |
HTTP/1.1, Upgrade, Connection "upgrade", and a long read timeout |
For a root deployment, remove the /buildbot prefix from both the public locations and the corresponding upstream paths, then set buildbotURL to the root HTTPS URL. Do not mix a prefixed buildbotURL with root-only proxy locations or vice versa.
Troubleshooting live-update failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to inspect |
|---|---|---|
| Dashboard loads, but live build data appears stale | Nginx is buffering SSE responses | Confirm the request uses the SSE location and that proxy_buffering off is present; keep the connection open while events arrive. |
| WebSocket shows “pending” or fails its handshake | Upgrade headers or HTTP/1.1 are missing, or the path is wrong | Check proxy_http_version 1.1, both upgrade headers, the exact /ws path, and the upstream port. |
| 404 on SSE or WebSocket requests | The external prefix was not removed, or the location does not match | Compare the browser URL, Nginx location, proxy_pass path, and Buildbot’s actual endpoint paths. |
| Links point to HTTP, port 8010, or the wrong host | buildbotURL or forwarded headers are incorrect |
Set buildbotURL to the public HTTPS URL and forward Host, X-Forwarded-Proto, and the other headers shown above. |
| Certificate warning or handshake failure | Wrong certificate file, key mismatch, hostname mismatch, or an outdated TLS policy | Run nginx -t, verify the certificate covers the public hostname, and follow current Nginx TLS guidance for the installed version. |
| 502 Bad Gateway | Buildbot is stopped, listening on another port/interface, or blocked by a local firewall | Confirm the master is running, the configured listener is 127.0.0.1:8010 (or your chosen value), and Nginx’s upstream matches it exactly. |
Use Nginx’s error log and the Buildbot master log together. A proxy error identifies the failed hop, while a Buildbot log can show whether the request reached the application. Browser developer tools are especially useful for separating ordinary HTTP, SSE, and WebSocket failures.
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Authentication, authorization, and exposure
HTTPS protects data in transit between the browser and Nginx; it does not replace Buildbot authentication or authorization. Configure the authentication plugins required by your Buildbot deployment, and define authorization rules in www.authz according to the actions users should be allowed to perform.
Buildbot documentation notes an important boundary: REST authorization does not cover WebSocket or SSE reads. If those streams expose information that must be restricted, consider enforcing access control at the reverse proxy as well as in Buildbot. Test both an authorized and an unauthorized session for the dashboard, API, SSE stream, and WebSocket rather than assuming that protecting one endpoint protects all four.
Keep the internal Buildbot listener private even after HTTPS works. Exposing port 8010 directly creates an alternate HTTP route that bypasses the certificate, host policy, and any proxy-level controls.
Choosing a proxy arrangement
| Arrangement | TLS termination and maintenance | SSE/WebSocket support | Path-prefix and access-control considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nginx reverse proxy | Centralizes certificates and current TLS policy in Nginx; requires maintaining the server block and renewal process. | Explicit SSE buffering and WebSocket upgrade settings are available and documented. | Prefix rewriting and proxy-level restrictions are possible, but locations must match Buildbot endpoints exactly. |
| Buildbot/Twisted SSL endpoint | SSL is handled inside the application stack; current Buildbot guidance discourages this as the preferred production arrangement. | Behavior depends on the installed release and endpoint configuration. | Fewer proxy layers, but less separation between application and edge TLS policy. |
| Apache or lighttpd proxy | Can provide the HTTP proxy layer, as described by older released Buildbot documentation; TLS settings follow that server’s current guidance. | Must be configured explicitly for streaming responses and WebSocket upgrades. | Equivalent concepts apply, but directives and path-rewrite syntax differ from Nginx. |
The practical choice is the proxy whose TLS maintenance, WebSocket/SSE behavior, path-prefix handling, and authentication integration you can operate reliably, while matching its configuration to the Buildbot release you run.
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Operational checklist
- Buildbot listens on a private HTTP address and port.
buildbotURLexactly matches the public HTTPS URL, including any prefix.- Nginx has valid
ssl_certificateandssl_certificate_keyfiles. - Forwarded host, scheme, server, client-IP, and proxy-chain headers are present.
- The ordinary location maps the public path to Buildbot’s internal root.
- The SSE location disables response buffering.
- The WebSocket location uses HTTP/1.1, upgrade headers, the correct
/wspath, and an idle timeout suitable for long builds. nginx -tpasses before every reload.- The browser shows a working dashboard, an open SSE stream, and a connected WebSocket where the UI uses one.
- Authentication and
www.authzrules are tested for both HTTP APIs and live streams. - The Buildbot port is not reachable from untrusted networks.
- Certificate renewal and Nginx reload procedures are documented for operators.
Why live updates fail even when the page works
Ordinary HTML and API requests complete quickly, so a basic proxy can appear healthy while streaming endpoints fail. SSE requires Nginx to flush events instead of accumulating them in buffers. WebSockets require a protocol switch that is not performed by default HTTP/1.0 proxying. A path prefix adds another failure mode because the browser requests /buildbot/sse/ and /buildbot/ws, while Buildbot commonly serves /sse/ and /ws internally. Treat these as three separate routes during testing rather than inferring their behavior from the dashboard request.
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