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Set the legend frame color with ax.legend(facecolor="lightyellow"). For a legend that already exists, call leg.get_frame().set_facecolor("lightyellow"). These options change the legend background—not the scatter markers.
Set the legend facecolor when creating it
Pass facecolor to Axes.legend when you create the legend. This example gives the frame a light-yellow background, a dark-gray border, and no transparency:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(x_a, y_a, c="tab:blue", label="Group A")
ax.scatter(x_b, y_b, c="tab:orange", label="Group B")
ax.legend(facecolor="lightyellow", edgecolor="0.3", framealpha=1)Matplotlib describes facecolor as the legend’s background color in its Axes.legend API reference. The setting applies to the legend frame behind the entries; the c arguments in the scatter calls set the marker colors.
Change the facecolor of an existing legend
If you have already created a legend, retrieve its frame and set the background color:
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leg = ax.legend()
leg.get_frame().set_facecolor("lightyellow")This is the approach shown in Matplotlib’s legend gallery, which uses legend.get_frame().set_facecolor('C0').
Control the border and transparency separately
Changing the background does not set the other frame properties. Use edgecolor for the border and framealpha for the frame’s background transparency. For example, framealpha=1 makes the background opaque:
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ax.legend(facecolor="white", edgecolor="0.25", framealpha=1)Matplotlib documents these as separate legend-frame controls in the Axes.legend API.
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Why the legend background can match the axes
The documented default for legend.facecolor is "inherit", meaning the legend uses the axes facecolor. If you want a distinct background, pass an explicit color to facecolor. The defaults are described in Matplotlib’s configuration guide.
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Keep scatter entries separate from the legend frame
A scatter plot creates PathCollection artists. Its legend entries represent the plotted data; the legend’s facecolor changes the frame behind those entries, not the markers themselves. For example, when categories are labeled on the scatter calls, the legend can be styled independently:
ax.scatter(x_a, y_a, c="tab:blue", label="Group A")
ax.scatter(x_b, y_b, c="tab:orange", label="Group B")
ax.legend(facecolor="white", edgecolor="0.25", framealpha=1)For scatter plots that encode values through color or size, scatter.legend_elements() can generate legend handles and labels. Those marker entries remain distinct from the frame background; see the collections API. The legend API also documents scatterpoints for controlling how many marker points appear in each scatter legend entry.
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