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For a loan secured by one collateral asset under a simple liquidation-LTV model, divide the lender’s current outstanding debt by the collateral units multiplied by the liquidation LTV expressed as a decimal:
Estimated liquidation price per collateral unit = outstanding debt ÷ (collateral quantity × liquidation LTV)
For example, an 85% threshold is entered as 0.85. Use the balance the lender actually counts—including accrued or overdue interest where applicable—not merely the original principal. This produces an estimate: the platform’s oracle or index price, collateral haircuts, maintenance margin, fees and position structure can change the real trigger.
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A crypto-backed loan is usually monitored through loan-to-value (LTV), the ratio between debt and the lender’s assessed collateral value. If the collateral price falls while debt and collateral quantity stay constant, LTV rises. If LTV reaches the lender’s liquidation threshold, the position can become eligible for forced repayment or collateral sale.
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With one collateral asset and no special adjustments, collateral value is:
collateral quantity × collateral price
Setting debt divided by collateral value equal to the liquidation LTV and solving for price gives:
liquidation price = outstanding debt ÷ (collateral quantity × liquidation LTV)
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The result is a price per unit of collateral. If your collateral is ETH, the answer is in the lender’s debt currency per ETH. If the debt is denominated in USDC, the answer is USDC per ETH; if it is denominated in another currency, use that currency consistently throughout the calculation.
Convert percentages correctly
Enter the threshold as a decimal, not as a whole-number percentage. Convert 85% to 0.85, 75% to 0.75 and 90% to 0.90. Entering 85 instead of 0.85 would make the denominator 100 times too large and produce a meaningless result.
Why this is an estimate rather than a promise
The equation assumes that the lender values every collateral unit at the same market price and applies the stated LTV directly. Actual products may use an index or oracle price, a collateral discount, a maintenance-margin calculation, liquidation fees, repayment fees, or a portfolio-level health metric. The displayed liquidation price can therefore differ from a hand calculation, especially during rapid market movement.
Worked example: 2 ETH securing a USDT loan
Bybit’s published example uses 1,000 USDT of principal, 10 USDT of interest, no overdue interest, 2 ETH of collateral and an 85% liquidation LTV. The arithmetic is:
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(1,000 + 10) ÷ (2 × 0.85) = 594.117647 USDT per ETH
| Input | Value in the example | How it is used |
|---|---|---|
| Principal | 1,000 USDT | Included in outstanding debt |
| Accrued interest | 10 USDT | Added to principal |
| Overdue interest | 0 USDT | No additional amount in this example |
| Collateral | 2 ETH | Collateral quantity |
| Liquidation LTV | 85% (0.85) | Threshold in the denominator |
| Calculated price | 594.117647 USDT per ETH | Estimated threshold from the stated inputs |
Rounded to two decimals, the calculation is about 594.12 USDT per ETH. This number illustrates the arithmetic only; it is not a liquidation threshold for every ETH loan. Bybit describes its displayed price as a reference and notes that market fluctuations can affect the actual liquidation price.
Collect the five inputs before you calculate
1. The current outstanding debt
Start with the balance shown for the specific loan or position at the moment you are checking it. Include every debt item the lender says counts toward LTV:
- Unpaid principal.
- Accrued interest, even when it has not been billed separately.
- Overdue or default interest when the product includes it.
- Any other borrowing amount that the loan agreement includes in outstanding debt.
Coinbase’s USDC loan-health documentation defines LTV using the total outstanding amount, including accrued unpaid interest. Bybit’s example explicitly lists principal, interest and overdue interest. Do not substitute the original drawdown amount for the live balance if interest has accumulated.
2. Collateral quantity assigned to the position
Use only the units actually securing the loan. Check whether the platform allows collateral to be shared across several orders or positions. A wallet balance is not necessarily the same as the quantity allocated to one loan. If 3.5 ETH is in your wallet but only 2 ETH is assigned to the loan, use 2 ETH unless the platform’s rules explicitly treat the balance as shared collateral.
3. The liquidation threshold, not the opening LTV
Find the liquidation LTV or liquidation loan-to-value threshold for the exact market, product and collateral asset. The initial borrowing LTV tells you how much you may borrow at the start; it is not automatically the level that triggers liquidation. A margin-call level, where offered, can be an earlier warning and is also not the liquidation threshold.
On Coinbase’s Morpho-based USDC markets, each market has a predetermined LLTV displayed in the loan overview. That market-specific LLTV is the value to use, rather than a generic number found in a calculator.
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4. The lender’s valuation price
Determine whether the platform uses a spot price, an index, an oracle, or another reference price. A trading screen can show a last-traded price while the loan engine uses a separate index. Bybit’s loan documentation distinguishes liquidation valuation from other LTV calculations. The relevant price is the one used by the risk engine, not necessarily the quote on the exchange tab you happen to be viewing.
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Read the product rules for collateral haircuts, maintenance margin, liquidation fees and repayment fees. Some systems reduce the collateral value before comparing it with debt. OKX Europe’s announcement dated December 19, 2025 describes a revised approach involving adjusted collateral value, maintenance margin and liquidation fees. If those adjustments apply, the simple equation is only a rough screening calculation.
How to calculate it by hand
- Write the live debt balance. Add principal, accrued interest and any overdue interest or other included charges.
- Write the allocated collateral units. Exclude assets that are not assigned to this position, and account for any shared-collateral rule.
- Obtain the exact liquidation LTV. Convert the percentage to a decimal.
- Multiply collateral quantity by the decimal threshold. This is the amount of collateral units that appear in the denominator.
- Divide debt by that denominator. Keep several decimal places until the final step, then round only for display.
- Compare the result with the platform’s own metric. Investigate any material difference instead of assuming your arithmetic is wrong; valuation and fee rules may explain it.
Example with a different balance
Suppose a loan shows 6,250 USDC outstanding, 5 ETH allocated as collateral and a 75% liquidation LTV. Convert 75% to 0.75, multiply 5 by 0.75 to get 3.75, and divide 6,250 by 3.75. The estimated liquidation price is 1,666.666667 USDC per ETH, or about 1,666.67 USDC per ETH when rounded to cents. This is a mathematical example; use your lender’s live values for an actual position.
How debt growth changes the estimate
Keeping 5 ETH and a 75% threshold fixed, a debt increase from 6,250 USDC to 6,400 USDC raises the estimated price from 1,666.67 to 1,706.67 USDC per ETH. Interest can therefore move a position closer to liquidation even when ETH’s market price does not change.
How adding collateral changes the estimate
Keeping debt at 6,250 USDC and the threshold at 75%, increasing collateral from 5 ETH to 5.5 ETH changes the denominator from 3.75 to 4.125. The estimated price becomes 1,515.15 USDC per ETH. More collateral lowers the price at which the simple model reaches the threshold; repaying debt has the same directional effect.
When the simple formula is not sufficient
Multiple collateral assets
With ETH, BTC and another token securing the same loan, the denominator is not simply one asset’s quantity multiplied by one LTV. The lender may apply a different liquidation threshold or haircut to each asset, then combine their assessed values. Solving for the liquidation price of ETH requires assumptions about the prices of BTC and every other collateral asset. If those prices move too, there is no single reliable ETH-only answer without a complete portfolio model.
Multiple debt currencies
A position borrowing USDC and another currency must first be valued in the unit the risk engine uses. Exchange rates between debt currencies can change total borrow value even when the collateral price is flat. Use the platform’s position-level borrow value rather than adding token quantities that have different denominations.
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Shared collateral and cross-margin structures
In cross-margin or shared-collateral accounts, one deposit may support several loans or trades. A calculation based on the full wallet balance can understate risk for an individual obligation, while a calculation based on only one order can overstate it if the platform nets positions. Use the account’s health metric and the rules for allocation, netting and priority of liquidation.
Discounted collateral and fee-inclusive triggers
If a lender applies a 10% collateral haircut, it may value 1,000 USDC of market collateral as only 900 USDC for risk purposes. If liquidation fees are deducted or added to the amount required to close the position, the trigger can occur before the unadjusted LTV reaches the displayed percentage. The exact treatment is product-specific; do not insert an assumed haircut into the basic formula unless the documentation states how to do so.
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Aave documents liquidation risk with a health factor rather than a single collateral-price equation:
Health Factor = (total collateral value × weighted average liquidation threshold) ÷ total borrow value
According to its documentation, a health factor below 1 makes a position eligible for liquidation. This method combines several collateral assets, their thresholds and the total borrow value. To estimate the price of one token, you must hold the values of the other assets and the debt constant, then solve the health-factor equation for the token price. If more than one value changes, a single-token liquidation price is only a scenario, not a prediction.
Health factor and LTV are related but not interchangeable labels. Follow the metric shown for your protocol and its current parameter values. A protocol may also permit a liquidation mechanism in which another participant repays part of the debt and receives collateral, rather than using a centralized lender’s sale process.
How major calculation approaches differ
| Product or protocol documentation | Debt items or metric | Threshold or valuation detail | What the reader should use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bybit crypto loans | Example includes principal, interest and overdue interest. | Uses a stated liquidation LTV; its displayed liquidation price is a reference and valuation rules can differ from other LTV calculations. | Use the product’s live debt, allocated collateral and displayed liquidation LTV, then check the platform price. |
| Coinbase USDC loan health for Morpho markets | Total outstanding amount includes accrued unpaid interest. | Each market has a predetermined LLTV; reaching it leads to automatic liquidation. | Use the LLTV shown in the loan overview and the market’s current outstanding balance. |
| Aave lending markets | Total borrow value across the position. | Uses a health factor with a weighted average liquidation threshold; below 1 is liquidation-eligible. | Monitor health factor and protocol parameters; solve for one token only with explicit assumptions about all other values. |
| OKX Europe announcement, December 19, 2025 | Approach can account for adjusted collateral value and liquidation-related charges. | Revised method references maintenance margin and liquidation fees. | Follow the current regional product documentation rather than applying an unadjusted LTV equation. |
These approaches are not interchangeable. A price calculated for a single-asset Bybit-style model cannot be assumed to represent a Morpho LLTV or an Aave health-factor threshold.
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Liquidation threshold versus margin call
Some lenders display two levels. A margin-call threshold is an alert or required top-up level; the liquidation threshold is the level at which the lender or protocol may begin liquidating collateral. The warning can occur first, giving you time to repay debt or add collateral. Other products may show only one threshold. Check the terms for the specific loan instead of treating “margin call” and “liquidation” as synonyms.
Monitoring a live position
Recalculate after every balance change
Interest accrues with time, and some products add overdue interest after a missed payment. Recheck the live balance after an interest posting, repayment, drawdown, collateral transfer or change in loan currency. A calculation made from yesterday’s balance can be stale even if the collateral price is unchanged.
Watch the risk engine’s metric
Use the lender’s LTV, LLTV, health factor or equivalent position indicator as the primary monitor. Keep the hand calculation as a plausibility check. If the indicator moves while the visible spot price does not, investigate index pricing, accrued interest, exchange-rate conversion or fee accrual.
Leave a buffer
A price exactly equal to your calculated threshold leaves no allowance for a fast move, oracle update, spread, fee or rounding. Set personal alert levels above the trigger and decide in advance whether you will repay debt, add collateral or close part of the position. The appropriate buffer depends on the asset’s volatility, the platform’s update interval and your ability to respond; the documentation does not establish one universal percentage.
Reduce LTV deliberately
- Repay debt: lowers the numerator and generally lowers LTV.
- Add eligible collateral: increases collateral value and generally lowers LTV.
- Withdraw collateral: reduces the denominator and raises risk, even if the market price is unchanged.
- Borrow more: increases debt and raises risk.
Confirm transaction settlement and the platform’s collateral-allocation rules after taking action. A pending transfer may not protect the position until the lender credits it.
Troubleshooting unexpected liquidation prices
Your result is higher than the platform’s price
- Check that accrued and overdue interest were included.
- Verify that you used the collateral quantity assigned to the position, not a wallet total.
- Look for a collateral haircut or a maintenance-margin requirement.
- Compare your spot quote with the lender’s index or oracle price.
- Check whether liquidation or repayment fees are included in the trigger.
Your result is lower than the platform’s price
- Confirm the liquidation LTV; you may have used the initial borrowing LTV or a margin-call level.
- Check whether the platform values collateral in another currency and applies a current exchange rate.
- Look for a portfolio health-factor calculation rather than a single-asset LTV.
- Check whether some collateral is excluded, locked, or allocated to another position.
The displayed price changes without a visible market move
Possible causes include interest accrual, an oracle update, an index rebalance, a currency conversion change or a fee posting. Record the platform’s metric, debt balance and valuation source at the same timestamp before comparing them.
Definitions to keep straight
| Term | Meaning in this context |
|---|---|
| Collateral | Crypto deposited to secure repayment. |
| Outstanding debt | The amount currently owed under the lender’s counting rules, potentially including unpaid interest and fees. |
| LTV | Debt divided by assessed collateral value. |
| Liquidation LTV or LLTV | The threshold at which the position becomes eligible for automatic or protocol liquidation. |
| Margin-call threshold | An earlier warning or intervention level when the product provides one. |
| Oracle or index price | The reference price used by the risk engine; it may differ from a last-traded spot quote. |
| Health factor | A portfolio risk ratio; in Aave’s documented formula, a value below 1 is liquidation-eligible. |
| Haircut or collateral discount | A reduction applied to market value before risk calculations. |
Limits and current documentation
The numbers in the worked examples are formula inputs, not market-wide statistics or typical loan terms. Thresholds, interest rules, oracle sources, regional products and liquidation procedures can change. Documentation reviewed for this explanation was current on October 13, 2026; the OKX Europe announcement cited above is dated December 19, 2025. Before relying on a result, open the current terms for your exact lender, collateral asset, market and region and confirm the live position metric.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchBybit’s help page defines liquidation price as “The liquidation price is the price level at which liquidation is determined.” Coinbase Help states, “LLTV is the LTV threshold that will lead to automatic liquidation if reached.” Those statements describe the respective products; they are not universal financial or legal advice.
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