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Build the SIEM as a pipeline: Suricata observes traffic and writes EVE JSON, Elastic Agent (or Filebeat) ships and parses those records, Elasticsearch stores them, and Kibana provides search, dashboards, and Elastic Security detections. A reliable first deployment keeps alert and flow data, validates parsing end to end, then adds protocol logs and detection rules according to your investigation needs.
The procedure below works for a home lab or a small organization, but it deliberately avoids invented performance promises. Storage, CPU use, and useful retention depend on traffic volume, enabled event types, hardware, and the amount of history you keep.
What this SIEM does
Suricata is the network intrusion-detection, intrusion-prevention, and network-security-monitoring sensor. Its EVE output writes alerts, anomalies, metadata, file information, and protocol-specific records as JSON. The Elastic Suricata integration reads that file through Elastic Agent, applies ingest processing, and sends normalized documents to Elasticsearch. Kibana then exposes Discover, prebuilt dashboards, and the Elastic Security interface.
Elastic Security’s detection engine evaluates your data against detection rules and generates alerts. Suricata alerts can therefore appear beside other security alerts in one view, while the original network context remains searchable for investigation.
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Choose the collection architecture
Recommended path: Elastic Agent and the Suricata integration
Use the maintained Suricata integration when you can install Elastic Agent on the Suricata host or give the agent access to the EVE file. The current integration documentation lists compatibility with Suricata 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x and Elastic Stack 8.11.0 or later. Its package listing specifies Kibana 9.0.0 as the minimum Kibana version for the current integration package, so check the package requirements in your own deployment before saving a policy.
This path provides Elastic’s ingest processing, normalized fields, and integration assets such as dashboards. It also gives you one agent-policy model for upgrades, health reporting, and additional integrations later.
Alternative path: Filebeat’s Suricata module
Filebeat remains a documented alternative if you already operate it or need its established module workflow. The module parses EVE JSON, uses an Elasticsearch ingest pipeline, and deploys Kibana dashboards. Enable at least one fileset and set the exact path, for example /var/log/suricata/eve.json. Do not run two collectors against the same file unless you have intentionally designed for duplicate events and separate data streams.
Traffic placement
Suricata must receive traffic that represents what you want to monitor. On a home lab this may be the host’s monitored interface; in a switched network it may be a mirror feed or a passive network TAP. A TAP is topology-dependent, not a universal requirement. Confirm that the sensor sees the relevant directions of traffic before troubleshooting ingestion.
Prerequisites and compatibility
| Item | Requirement or decision |
|---|---|
| Suricata | A running Suricata instance, with access to the interface or mirror feed carrying the traffic of interest. The maintained integration documents Suricata 5.x, 6.x, and 7.x compatibility. |
| Elastic deployment | Elasticsearch and Kibana on Elastic Stack 8.11.0 or later for the current integration documentation. |
| Kibana | The current integration package lists Kibana 9.0.0 as its minimum version; verify this against the package version you plan to install. |
| Collector | Elastic Agent with access to the EVE file, or Filebeat with its Suricata module. |
| File permissions | The collector account must read eve.json and traverse every parent directory, including /var/log/suricata. |
| Operating process | An owner for triage, documented severity and response steps, a rule-update process, and monitoring for agent health, ingest errors, disk use, and event latency. |
Before installation, decide how long you need network evidence, which protocols matter to investigations, and where the sensor will sit. Those decisions determine event volume and retention more than the software labels do.
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Build the pipeline step by step
1. Install and verify Suricata
Install Suricata using the method appropriate for your operating system, then verify that its service is running and that it is attached to the intended interface or mirror feed. A typical service check is:
sudo systemctl status suricataPackage names, service names, and interface configuration vary by distribution. The important test is observational: generate ordinary traffic that should cross the monitored interface and confirm that Suricata is processing packets without startup or capture errors.
2. Enable EVE JSON output
Edit suricata.yaml and enable the eve-log output. Use regular file output, set the filename to eve.json, and select the event types that match your investigation goals. A practical baseline is alert, anomaly, flow, DNS, HTTP, TLS, SSH, fileinfo, and stats.
outputs:
- eve-log:
enabled: yes
filetype: regular
filename: eve.json
types:
- alert
- anomaly
- flow
- dns
- http
- tls
- ssh
- fileinfo
- statsThe surrounding YAML and indentation must match the configuration shipped by your Suricata package. Add SMB, SMTP, DHCP, NFS, or Kerberos when those protocols are present and useful to your investigations. Enabling every protocol by default can create unnecessary disk and query load, so start with a baseline and expand deliberately.
3. Restart Suricata and inspect the file
Restart the service after changing the configuration, then watch the file for new JSON records:
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sudo systemctl restart suricata
sudo tail -f /var/log/suricata/eve.jsonThe exact path may differ if you changed Suricata’s log directory. Confirm that each new line is valid JSON and that the file is receiving events while the sensor observes traffic. Check permissions at this point, not after the collector is installed. The Elastic Agent account needs read permission on the file and execute (traverse) permission on every parent directory.
4. Add the Elastic Suricata integration
- Sign in to Kibana and open Management → Integrations.
- Search for Suricata and choose Add Suricata.
- Enter the absolute path to the EVE file, such as
/var/log/suricata/eve.json. Do not enter a path that exists only inside a container unless the agent can see the same mounted path. - Attach the integration to an agent policy that is assigned to the Suricata host or another host with file access.
- Save the integration and deploy the policy. Wait for the agent to acknowledge the policy before judging ingestion.
The integration reads the EVE records, applies Elastic’s ingest processing, and writes normalized events to the integration’s data stream. If your deployment uses multiple sensors, give each host an unambiguous name and document which interface or mirror feed it represents.
5. Validate the complete path
Validation must prove both collection and parsing. Generate benign test traffic using the procedure described in the integration’s official documentation or ordinary DNS, HTTP, and TLS activity in a controlled lab. Then check each layer in order:
- Confirm that Suricata writes a new line to
eve.json. - Check the Elastic Agent’s status and logs for file-reader or permission errors.
- Open Kibana Discover and search the Suricata data stream.
- Use the KQL filter
event.dataset : "suricata.eve"to isolate the integration’s events. - Open several documents and verify that fields are populated and searchable rather than being placed wholesale in
error.message. - Open the prebuilt Logs Suricata dashboard, if installed, and confirm that time ranges and event counts change when new traffic arrives.
A raw EVE line proves only that Suricata is working. A parsed document in Discover proves that the collector, ingest pipeline, index, and Kibana mapping are working together.
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Design EVE collection for useful evidence
Every event family trades coverage against CPU, disk, retention, and query cost. Keep alert and flow records for baseline visibility, then add protocol-specific records where they improve an investigation or a detection.
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| Event family | What it contributes | When to enable it |
|---|---|---|
alert |
Signature matches and alert context from Suricata rules. | Always in an IDS/SIEM baseline. |
anomaly |
Protocol or parser anomalies that may not be signature alerts. | Keep when investigating malformed or evasive traffic. |
flow |
Connection timing, direction, and byte/packet context. | Baseline visibility, hunting, and correlation. |
dns |
DNS request and response context. | Useful for domain investigations and beaconing hypotheses. |
http |
HTTP request and response metadata. | Enable when clear-text web traffic or proxy-side context matters. |
tls |
TLS handshake and certificate-related metadata. | Useful when encrypted traffic is common and endpoint context is limited. |
ssh |
SSH protocol metadata. | Enable in environments where administrative access is significant. |
fileinfo |
Observed file metadata from supported protocol inspection. | Use when file transfer investigation justifies additional volume. |
smb, smtp, dhcp, nfs, kerberos |
Protocol-specific context. | Enable according to actual services and investigation requirements. |
stats |
Sensor and processing statistics. | Keep for health checks and capacity troubleshooting. |
Evaluate each choice on four axes: coverage (what protocol and context you capture), cost (CPU, disk, and retention), fidelity (whether fields are normalized and searchable), and response value (whether a record can drive a reliable rule or investigation). A high-volume protocol log that never changes a decision is a poor default.
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Start with a narrow, testable query
Open Elastic Security and create a rule only after confirming the relevant Suricata fields in Discover. Start with a focused KQL rule over normalized fields, for example a known alert signature or a particular destination service. Use the exact field names shown in your mapped documents rather than guessing a nested path.
Threshold rules are useful when one event is weak but repeated activity is meaningful. Group by a stable field such as source address only when the resulting cardinality is manageable. Elastic warns that high-cardinality group-by fields can cause rule timeouts or circuit-breaker errors.
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Choose schedules and actions deliberately
Set a search window and execution schedule that match the expected event delay and traffic rate. Begin without outbound actions so you can inspect matches and false positives. Add alert actions only after the rule consistently produces useful results and an owner has agreed on the response path.
Use exceptions for known activity
Known vulnerability scanners, monitoring systems, and administrative traffic can overwhelm a broad network rule. Add narrowly scoped exceptions in Elastic Security and tune the underlying Suricata rule where appropriate. Document who approved each exception, its expiration or review date, and the traffic it covers. An exception should reduce expected noise without suppressing unrelated sources or destinations.
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Correlate, do not duplicate
Suricata’s alert is an external security signal; the Elastic detection engine can present it with other alerts in the unified security view. Avoid creating a second rule that simply re-alerts every Suricata signature. Prefer rules that add context or identify a pattern across events, such as repeated connection attempts combined with an alert, or DNS and TLS activity associated with a suspicious source.
Operate the SIEM after deployment
Assign triage ownership
Define who reviews new alerts, what severity means, which evidence must be collected, and when an incident is escalated. A useful runbook records the source and destination, timestamp, Suricata signature or anomaly, related flow and protocol events, affected asset owner, containment decision, and closure reason.
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Review Suricata signatures and local rule changes on a schedule. Test updates in a controlled sensor when possible, because a rule update can change both alert volume and the fields available to a detection. Keep the integration package and Elastic Agent policy under change control, and revalidate parsing after upgrades.
Monitor health and latency
- Elastic Agent enrollment, policy acknowledgement, and reader errors.
- Suricata service status, capture errors, and EVE file growth.
- Ingest failures and documents routed to error fields.
- Disk utilization on the sensor and Elasticsearch data nodes.
- Event arrival delay between the EVE timestamp and Kibana ingestion time.
- Detection execution failures, timeouts, and circuit-breaker messages.
Set retention from evidence needs
Retention should reflect how long investigations commonly take and how much protocol detail you enable. Keep lower-cost baseline records longer if they are useful for historical hunting, and apply shorter retention to high-volume protocol or file metadata when appropriate. No universal storage or performance figure is established for this stack; benchmark with your own traffic rate, event selection, retention period, and hardware.
Troubleshoot common failures
| Symptom | Checks and corrective action |
|---|---|
| No events in Kibana | Verify that Suricata is running, eve-log is enabled, the integration path exactly matches the real file, and the agent account can read the file and traverse its directories. |
| The file is empty | Confirm that the sensor sees the intended interface or mirror feed, restart Suricata after editing the YAML, and generate controlled traffic that should create an event. |
| Documents contain parsing errors | Compare a raw EVE line with the integration’s expected standard EVE JSON fields. Restore standard fields and remove custom transformations that alter the structure before ingestion. |
| Events exist but context is missing | Enable the relevant EVE event type, generate traffic for that protocol, and check that the integration maps the resulting fields into ECS-compatible fields. |
| Detection rules time out | Reduce the search window, narrow the indices and filters, and avoid high-cardinality grouping unless it is essential. Test the query in Discover before scheduling it. |
| Alert volume is excessive | Tune Suricata rules, identify expected scanners and maintenance traffic, and add documented Elastic Security exceptions with narrow scope. |
| Duplicate events appear | Check whether Elastic Agent and Filebeat, or two agents, are reading the same EVE file. Keep one collector for a data stream unless duplication is intentional and separated. |
A practical rollout plan
- Stage the sensor: place Suricata where it can observe representative traffic and verify capture before changing SIEM settings.
- Start with a baseline: enable alert, anomaly, flow, and stats plus only the protocol records needed for your first investigations.
- Prove ingestion: inspect the raw file, then validate parsed documents with the
event.dataset : "suricata.eve"filter. - Establish retention: measure actual event growth and query behavior, then set data-stream and retention policies based on evidence requirements.
- Add one detection at a time: test the query, review matches, set a schedule, and only then configure actions.
- Run the operating loop: triage alerts, tune false positives, update rules, review exceptions, and monitor sensor and agent health.
This sequence keeps failures easy to localize: packet visibility, EVE generation, file access, parsing, storage, search, and detection are verified separately instead of being debugged as one opaque system.
What success looks like
A successful deployment has a visible Suricata sensor, a continuously growing and readable EVE file, parsed documents in the Suricata data stream, dashboards that reflect current traffic, and detections that produce an owned response rather than unreviewed noise. Elastic Agent is the default collection choice for a new build because it uses the maintained integration; Filebeat is reasonable when its module already fits your operational model. Keep the event set purposeful, validate every mapping, and size the system from measurements taken in your own environment.
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