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To block Yandex’s main indexing crawler while leaving other search-engine rules intact, add a dedicated group to the root robots.txt file:
User-agent: YandexBot
Disallow: /Keep your existing general policy in a separate User-agent: * group. Use YandexBot, not the broader Yandex token: Yandex documents the former for its main indexing bot and the latter for Yandex bots generally. This method requests that compliant crawlers stop crawling; it does not prevent a determined client from fetching pages.
What the YandexBot rule actually targets
A robots.txt file is a set of crawler-specific instructions. The user-agent token determines which group a crawler reads. Yandex distinguishes between its main indexing bot and other Yandex robots, so the token you choose controls the scope of the block.
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|---|---|---|
YandexBot |
Yandex’s main indexing bot | You want to stop the primary Yandex search crawler while keeping the rule as narrow as possible. |
Yandex |
Yandex bots generally, according to Yandex’s documented group behavior | You deliberately want a broader Yandex-wide policy and have identified the additional robots that should be covered. |
* |
All crawlers that do not receive a more specific applicable group | You are setting the site’s general crawling policy for other search engines and automated clients. |
For this task, use the first row. A rule for Yandex is broader than a rule for YandexBot and can affect specialized Yandex services you did not intend to block. Yandex also documents that when a User-agent: Yandex group is present, its User-agent: * group is ignored for Yandex. That is another reason not to substitute the broad token when your goal is only the main indexing bot.
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Keep the policy groups separate
Do not replace the existing wildcard section simply because you are adding a Yandex-specific rule. The wildcard group may contain deliberate allowances or disallowances for every other crawler. Add the new group, then review the complete file for duplicate groups, contradictory lines and rules that were already serving a business purpose.
An illustrative file looks like this:
User-agent: YandexBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: *
# Retain the site's existing general crawler directives here.The comment is only explanatory. In production, leave the directives already used by your site in the wildcard group. If the file contains named groups for other crawlers, keep those groups as well.
How to edit robots.txt without changing other crawlers’ access
- Locate the file served at the site root. The public location is the origin root, such as
https://example.com/robots.txt, not a subdirectory such as/blog/robots.txt. Yandex’s guidance requires a file named exactlyrobots.txtand available to its indexing bots with an HTTP 200 response. - Make a backup of the current file. Save the version that is live before editing. This gives you a direct rollback if a deployment changes crawling behavior unexpectedly.
- Add the YandexBot group as its own block. Put the two lines together, with the user-agent line first and
Disallow: /immediately below it. A blank line before the next user-agent group makes the boundaries clear. - Preserve every intentional group. Keep the existing
User-agent: *directives and any named crawler groups. Do not copy those rules into the YandexBot group unless you specifically want them to apply to YandexBot. - Check for duplicate Yandex groups. If the file already contains a
User-agent: YandexBotsection, merge the intended directives into one coherent group rather than leaving multiple conflicting sections. Also search for a broadUser-agent: Yandexsection; decide whether its wider scope is intentional before deploying a new narrow rule. - Publish the file at the root. Deploy it through the same release process used for other site configuration files. Confirm that the production hostname, rather than a staging hostname, serves the edited content.
Directive syntax that matters
Yandex supports both Allow and Disallow. A slash in Disallow: / covers the entire site path space for the matching crawler. An empty Disallow: means that no path is disallowed in that group. Use these values deliberately; an accidental empty or partial path can produce a policy very different from the one you intended.
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| Example | Effect for YandexBot |
|---|---|
Disallow: / |
Requests that YandexBot not crawl any path on the host. |
Disallow: /private/ |
Requests that YandexBot not crawl URLs under the /private/ path while leaving other paths governed by the group’s remaining directives. |
Allow: /public/ with a broader disallow |
Creates an exception for the specified path where the crawler supports the rule combination; test the exact URLs in Yandex’s analyzer. |
Disallow: with no value |
Does not disallow any path in that group. |
Do not use a wildcard group as a substitute for the YandexBot group. That would change the policy for other crawlers too. Likewise, do not assume that a path pattern tested in one group has the same result when moved into another group; the crawler first selects the applicable user-agent group and then evaluates its directives.
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Serve the file in a way Yandex can read
A correctly written rule has no effect if Yandex cannot retrieve the file. Yandex’s robots.txt instructions specify three practical requirements:
- The filename is
robots.txt. - The file is located at the root of the host being crawled.
- Indexing bots can fetch it successfully with an HTTP 200 response.
Check each hostname and protocol that can serve your pages. A policy at https://example.com/robots.txt does not automatically describe a different host such as https://www.example.com/robots.txt; crawlers evaluate the robots file for the host they access. If your site uses redirects, canonical host rules or multiple domains, verify which host appears in the URLs you want YandexBot to stop crawling and make sure that host serves the intended file.
Do not place authentication in front of the file, return an error page with a success status, or rely on a file that exists only in a deployment repository. The crawler needs to receive the production text at the root URL. After deployment, inspect the response and the body rather than assuming the release copied the file correctly.
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Preserve unrelated crawler behavior
When you add the YandexBot block, compare a before-and-after copy of the whole file. The differences should show the new group and no accidental edits to Google, Bing or other named policies. If your platform generates robots.txt dynamically, change the generator or template instead of editing a generated artifact that will be overwritten on the next deploy.
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Validate the rule with Yandex’s tools
Use Yandex Webmaster’s Robots.txt analysis tool to check syntax and the URL allowance check to see how the published file applies to representative URLs. Validation should happen after the file is live, because a local copy cannot reveal a deployment, host or response problem.
- Open the robots.txt analysis tool in Yandex Webmaster. Select the relevant site property and load the production file.
- Review syntax feedback. Correct malformed user-agent lines, missing separators or accidental characters before relying on the policy.
- Test a blocked URL. Enter the site root and at least one deeper URL that should be covered by
Disallow: /. The result should show that the URL is not allowed for YandexBot. - Test an intended exception or comparison URL. If your file contains more specific directives, test those paths individually. Also test a URL under the wildcard group with another crawler’s user-agent where the tool allows that comparison.
- Inspect the live response independently. Confirm the root URL returns HTTP 200 and contains the exact deployed group. A valid local file does not help if a cache, edge rule or deployment process serves different text publicly.
Run the tests again whenever you change the file, move a host, alter a redirect or introduce a new crawler-specific section. The purpose is not only to prove that the root URL is blocked; it is to prove that the rest of your crawler policy still behaves as designed.
Robots.txt is guidance, not an access-control barrier
RFC 9309, the Internet Engineering Task Force’s Robots Exclusion Protocol specification published in September 2022, states: “These rules are not a form of access authorization.” A Disallow line is a request to compliant crawlers. It is not authentication, a firewall rule or a guarantee that a URL cannot be fetched.
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| Goal | Appropriate method | What it does not guarantee |
|---|---|---|
| Ask compliant Yandex indexing software not to crawl the site | A User-agent: YandexBot group with Disallow: / |
It does not stop spoofed or non-compliant clients. |
| Prevent unauthorized clients from retrieving content | Application, authentication, network or edge access controls | A robots file alone cannot enforce this. |
| Remove a URL from search results | Use Yandex’s separate indexing-removal or noindex guidance, applied in a way that still lets the crawler receive the signal when required | Blocking crawling can prevent a crawler from seeing a later removal directive. |
Crawling blocked is not the same as removing a page from search
Yandex notes that pages restricted in robots.txt may still participate in Yandex Search. A crawler that cannot fetch a page may retain an existing URL, title or other previously known information, and it cannot read a new page-level directive from a response it is not allowed to retrieve.
If your real requirement is “do not show this URL in search,” treat that as a separate indexing-removal task. Follow Yandex’s current noindex or removal instructions for the relevant URL and content state. Decide first whether you need to reduce crawling, remove search visibility, protect the content, or combine those goals; each outcome uses a different mechanism.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Do not assume every Yandex robot uses the same identity
Yandex documents specialized robots in addition to its main indexing bot. Some may ignore generic User-agent: * restrictions, and Yandex recommends naming a specialized robot explicitly when it must be restricted. A YandexBot-only group therefore does not establish that every Yandex service bot is blocked.
When a broader block is actually required
Inventory the Yandex robot that is making the request and identify its documented user-agent name. Add a separate group for that exact name only when you have a clear reason to restrict it. Do not broaden the policy to User-agent: Yandex merely because a log entry contains the word “Yandex”; that can affect more bots than intended.
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Keep a record of why each named group exists. A future administrator should be able to tell whether a rule covers search indexing, image retrieval, a diagnostic service or another function. This prevents a later cleanup from deleting a necessary exception or expanding a narrow block into a site-wide policy for unrelated Yandex systems.
Verify that a request really came from Yandex
A user-agent string in an access log is self-reported and can be copied by any client. Yandex provides an IP-address verification tool and warns that its bot IP addresses change frequently. If you enforce a crawler decision at the server or edge layer, use Yandex’s verification method rather than maintaining an assumed permanent IP list.
- Capture the request details. Record the source IP, user-agent string, requested URL and timestamp from your server or edge logs.
- Compare the source with Yandex’s current verification method. Do not treat a matching user-agent string alone as proof of identity.
- Apply enforcement only after verification. If you are building an access rule outside
robots.txt, make the rule resilient to Yandex’s documented IP changes and review it when Yandex updates its verification information.
This identity check matters most when you are deciding whether to permit, throttle or deny requests at a server or edge. It is separate from the advisory robots.txt policy.
Troubleshoot common outcomes
| Symptom | Likely cause | Corrective action |
|---|---|---|
| YandexBot still crawls pages | The live root file is missing, served from the wrong host, not returning HTTP 200, or does not contain the YandexBot group. | Fetch the production /robots.txt URL directly, inspect the status and body, then rerun the Yandex analysis and URL allowance checks. |
| Other crawlers stop visiting | The Yandex rule was placed under User-agent: *, or existing wildcard directives were overwritten. |
Restore the original wildcard policy and keep User-agent: YandexBot in its own group. |
| More Yandex services are affected than expected | The file contains User-agent: Yandex or a broad rule was copied into a shared group. |
Replace the broad token only if the goal is specifically the main indexing bot, and create exact named groups for any specialized robots that need different treatment. |
| The analyzer reports a different result from local testing | The deployed file differs from the local file, or a cache, redirect or host variation is serving another version. | Test the exact production host and protocol, inspect the HTTP response, purge the relevant cache if appropriate, and validate again. |
| Pages remain visible in Yandex Search | Crawling was blocked, but search removal was never requested, or Yandex has retained previously known information. | Use the appropriate Yandex noindex or removal process; do not expect Disallow alone to erase search results. |
| Server blocking catches requests that claim to be Yandex | The client may be spoofing Yandex’s user-agent string. | Use Yandex’s current IP verification tool and account for its warning that bot IPs change frequently. |
A practical deployment checklist
- Use exactly
User-agent: YandexBotfor the main Yandex indexing bot. - Place
Disallow: /directly below that user-agent line when the entire host should be excluded from crawling. - Keep the site’s existing
User-agent: *directives and named crawler groups. - Review and resolve duplicate or conflicting Yandex groups before publishing.
- Serve the file as
robots.txtat the root of each relevant host. - Confirm that indexing bots receive HTTP 200 and the intended file contents.
- Run Yandex Webmaster’s robots.txt analysis and URL allowance checks against representative URLs.
- Use exact user-agent names for specialized Yandex robots when they also need restrictions.
- Verify claimed Yandex requests with Yandex’s current IP-check method before enforcing server- or edge-level rules.
- Use application-layer access controls for confidentiality or guaranteed blocking.
- Treat search-result removal as a separate noindex or removal problem rather than a robots.txt problem.
The right boundary for this technique
The YandexBot-specific group is the narrow, maintainable choice when your objective is to ask Yandex’s main indexing crawler to stop crawling while leaving the rest of your crawler policy alone. It works by matching one documented user-agent name, preserving the wildcard rules for other crawlers and giving you a policy that can be checked in Yandex Webmaster.
Its boundary is equally important: it is advisory, it does not authenticate users, it does not prove that every Yandex service bot is covered, and it does not by itself remove already known URLs from search. Matching the method to the outcome prevents an apparently correct two-line edit from becoming either an accidental site-wide crawler block or a false sense of security.
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