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Use Ansible to make WordPress installation repeatable: provision Ubuntu packages, create a least-privilege database account, download WordPress, render the web-server and wp-config.php files, install WP-CLI, and run the five-minute setup non-interactively. Keep credentials in Ansible Vault, make every task idempotent, and verify the result by running the playbook again.
What Ansible automates—and what it does not
Ansible is the orchestration layer. A working WordPress site still needs a web server, PHP and extensions, a MySQL-compatible database, a filesystem layout, and DNS/TLS and firewall controls. The playbook should describe the desired end state rather than act as a one-time shell script: packages are present, services are enabled, the database and user exist with the intended grants, configuration files have known content and modes, and WordPress is installed only when it is not already initialized.
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Choose the architecture before writing tasks
Apache or Nginx with PHP-FPM
| Decision | Apache path | Nginx plus PHP-FPM |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration | Virtual host and the PHP module follow Ubuntu’s official tutorial path. | Server block, a separate PHP-FPM service and a Unix socket or TCP upstream. |
| Operational fit | Simpler when your fleet already uses Apache and mod_php. |
Fits fleets standardized on Nginx, reverse proxies or per-site FPM pools. |
| Isolation | A shared web user is easy to operate but needs careful permissions. | Separate pools and users can limit cross-site access, at the cost of more tasks and tuning. |
| Automation impact | Render one virtual-host file and notify an Apache reload handler. | Render the server block and pool configuration, then notify Nginx and PHP-FPM handlers. |
Pick one path for a role and make the choice explicit with variables. Do not install both web stacks “just in case”; competing listeners and configuration files make convergence harder to reason about.
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Local versus managed database
A local MySQL-compatible server minimizes network latency and keeps the initial deployment self-contained. A managed database can provide independent backups and failover, but requires network allow-lists, TLS policy, credential rotation and a database endpoint variable. The database tasks should therefore be replaceable: keep database name, user, host and port in variables rather than embedding localhost throughout the role.
Single-site ownership versus per-site isolation
For a single, dedicated host, WordPress files owned by the web-site user can be operationally simple. On a multi-site machine, avoid blanket ownership by www-data: Ubuntu’s tutorial warns that making every file writable by that shared account is insecure. A stronger design uses a distinct Unix user and PHP-FPM pool per site, gives the web process write access only to directories that genuinely need it (usually wp-content and selected upload/cache paths), and keeps core files administrator-owned.
Inventory and variable layout
Separate control-node settings from managed-host settings. The control node runs Ansible; the managed Ubuntu host receives packages and files. A small inventory can look like this:
[wordpress]
wp01 ansible_host=203.0.113.10
[wordpress:vars]
ansible_user=ubuntu
Put non-secret defaults in a role’s defaults/main.yml or group variables. Store administrator and database passwords in an encrypted Vault file. A practical variable set includes:
wordpress_domain,wordpress_pathand the public URL.wordpress_db_name,wordpress_db_user, database host and port.wordpress_admin_user, administrator email and a Vault-protected administrator password.- The WordPress release URL and checksum you have tested for the target Ubuntu release.
- The Unix owner, group and file modes used by the selected isolation model.
Encrypt the secret file with ansible-vault create group_vars/wordpress/vault.yml (or ansible-vault edit), and run with --ask-vault-pass or a protected Vault password file. Never commit plaintext credentials or place them in a command line that could be captured by process inspection.
Install the Ubuntu prerequisites
Use Ansible modules rather than an untracked shell transcript. The exact PHP package names vary by Ubuntu release, so keep them in a variable and test them in CI. A typical Apache-based task set is:
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- name: Refresh apt metadata and install the stack
ansible.builtin.apt:
name:
- apache2
- php
- php-mysql
- php-xml
- php-curl
- php-gd
- php-mbstring
- php-zip
- mysql-server
- mysql-client
- unzip
- python3-pymysql
update_cache: true
cache_valid_time: 3600
state: present
- name: Enable and start services
ansible.builtin.service:
name: "{{ item }}"
enabled: true
state: started
loop:
- apache2
- mysql
python3-pymysql supplies the Python database bindings used by common Ansible MySQL modules. If your collection or distribution uses a different driver, install the binding documented for that module. Add firewall rules, time synchronization and TLS certificate automation as separate, tested responsibilities; package installation alone does not secure a public site.
Create a least-privilege database
WordPress needs a dedicated schema and account. Do not configure the application with the database server’s root login. The following tasks are idempotent when the MySQL collection is installed and the connection parameters match your host:
- name: Create WordPress database
community.mysql.mysql_db:
name: "{{ wordpress_db_name }}"
state: present
encoding: utf8mb4
collation: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
login_unix_socket: /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
- name: Create local WordPress database user
community.mysql.mysql_user:
name: "{{ wordpress_db_user }}"
host: localhost
password: "{{ vault_wordpress_db_password }}"
priv: "{{ wordpress_db_name }}.*:ALL"
state: present
login_unix_socket: /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Grant access only to the WordPress schema and only from the host that needs it. If the database is managed or remote, replace the Unix-socket login used for administration with an administrative account and enforce TLS and network restrictions. Do not grant global privileges simply to make an installer succeed.
Download and place WordPress safely
Download the upstream WordPress archive, verify the checksum you selected, unpack it into a stable path such as /var/www/example, and set ownership deliberately. Avoid an unguarded unarchive task that extracts on every run. One pattern is:
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- name: Create site directory
ansible.builtin.file:
path: "{{ wordpress_path }}"
state: directory
owner: "{{ wordpress_owner }}"
group: "{{ wordpress_group }}"
mode: '0755'
- name: Download WordPress archive
ansible.builtin.get_url:
url: "{{ wordpress_download_url }}"
dest: /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz
checksum: "sha256:{{ wordpress_sha256 }}"
mode: '0644'
- name: Unpack WordPress once
ansible.builtin.unarchive:
src: /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz
dest: /tmp
remote_src: true
creates: /tmp/wordpress/wp-admin/index.php
- name: Copy release into the site path
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: rsync -a --delete /tmp/wordpress/ "{{ wordpress_path }}/"
args:
creates: "{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-includes/version.php"
For upgrades, do not use a permanent creates guard that prevents intentional releases. Instead, stage a versioned directory, validate it, and switch a symlink during a controlled deployment. Preserve wp-content and configuration, and have a tested rollback and database-backup procedure before changing production.
Render the web server and WordPress configuration
Templates should own the complete virtual host or server block, including the document root, index handling, access-log paths, and PHP routing. Use a handler so a syntax-checked configuration reloads only after a change:
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- name: Render Apache virtual host
ansible.builtin.template:
src: wordpress.conf.j2
dest: /etc/apache2/sites-available/wordpress.conf
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0644'
notify: Reload Apache
- name: Enable the site
ansible.builtin.command: a2ensite wordpress.conf
args:
creates: /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/wordpress.conf
notify: Reload Apache
- name: Render wp-config.php
ansible.builtin.template:
src: wp-config.php.j2
dest: "{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-config.php"
owner: root
group: "{{ wordpress_group }}"
mode: '0640'
The template should contain the database name, user, password, host and WordPress salts from Vault. Keep the file out of a public document repository and ensure the web process can read it without making it world-readable. Add HTTPS, secure cookies and appropriate security headers in the web-server configuration; a functioning HTTP virtual host is not a complete production hardening policy.
When using Nginx, render a server block and a PHP-FPM pool instead, and notify separate reload handlers. The principle is unchanged: a configuration change must produce a predictable, validated reload rather than restarting services on every run.
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WP-CLI is the non-interactive bridge between a deployed filesystem and a completed WordPress installation. Its installation documentation requires PHP 7.2.24 or later (documentation accessed in 2026); its GitHub project lists WordPress 4.9 or later and PHP 7.2.24 or later. Those are not substitutes for checking current compatibility when you deploy.
The recommended installation downloads wp-cli.phar, optionally verifies its signature, marks it executable and places it on PATH. An Ansible implementation can be:
- name: Download WP-CLI
ansible.builtin.get_url:
url: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar
dest: /usr/local/bin/wp
mode: '0755'
checksum: "sha512:{{ wp_cli_sha512 }}"
- name: Check WP-CLI
ansible.builtin.command: /usr/local/bin/wp --info
register: wp_cli_info
changed_when: false
Pin and verify a release that you have tested rather than silently tracking an arbitrary latest binary. If your organization packages WP-CLI centrally, consume that package instead and keep the role’s interface the same.
Run the five-minute install without prompts
Run WP-CLI as the site’s web user and from the WordPress directory. The first command writes the configuration; the second creates the tables and administrator from supplied values:
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- name: Create WordPress configuration
become: true
become_user: "{{ wordpress_owner }}"
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: >-
wp config create
--path={{ wordpress_path }}
--dbname={{ wordpress_db_name }}
--dbuser={{ wordpress_db_user }}
--dbpass={{ vault_wordpress_db_password }}
--dbhost={{ wordpress_db_host }}
--skip-check
args:
creates: "{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-config.php"
no_log: true
- name: Complete WordPress installation
become: true
become_user: "{{ wordpress_owner }}"
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: >-
wp core install
--path={{ wordpress_path }}
--url={{ wordpress_url }}
--title={{ wordpress_title }}
--admin_user={{ wordpress_admin_user }}
--admin_password={{ vault_wordpress_admin_password }}
--admin_email={{ wordpress_admin_email }}
args:
creates: "{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-includes/version.php"
no_log: true
Use no_log: true on tasks carrying passwords, while remembering that it also hides useful failure details. A safer idempotence test is to query installation state first and run wp core install only when the site is not installed. Do not use a file-existence check alone if an interrupted run could leave an incomplete database.
If WordPress is served from a subdirectory, set siteurl to that subdirectory URL after installation while keeping the public home URL appropriate for your routing. Confirm both values with WP-CLI before exposing the site.
Make the playbook idempotent
- Use package, file, template, service, database and module tasks for declarative state; reserve
commandfor tools such as WP-CLI that have no suitable module. - Protect one-time commands with a state check or an accurate
creates/removesguard. A guard that never changes with a release strategy will block upgrades. - Use handlers for Apache, Nginx and PHP-FPM reloads. A run with no relevant changes should not restart services.
- Set ownership and modes explicitly after extraction. Archive metadata should not decide who can modify PHP files.
- Pin collection versions and tested package versions in CI, but keep the WordPress and PHP compatibility checks current.
- Separate provisioning, release upgrades, backups and rollback tasks when their failure and recovery procedures differ.
Validate the deployment and prove convergence
Validation should test behavior, not only task status. Add a post-deployment block or a separate verification play:
- Check that Apache or Nginx and the database service are enabled, active and listening on the intended interfaces.
- Request the virtual-host URL locally with the correct
Hostheader and confirm the expected HTTP status and site title. - Serve a temporary PHP health endpoint, verify PHP execution, and remove the endpoint after testing so it cannot become an information leak.
- Log in to the database with the WordPress account and confirm it can use only the application schema.
- Run
wp core version --path={{ wordpress_path }}as the site user and check that it reports the expected release. - Run
wp core is-installed --path={{ wordpress_path }}; if it fails, inspect database credentials, table prefixes, filesystem permissions and the configured URL. - Run the complete playbook a second time. Unchanged packages, templates, services and database objects should report no changes, and no unnecessary reload should occur.
After functional checks, verify DNS, TLS certificate coverage, firewall rules, log rotation, backup restoration and update monitoring. These controls are operational requirements, not consequences of installing WordPress itself.
Common failures and targeted fixes
Database module cannot connect
Confirm that MySQL is running, the Python database binding is installed on the managed host, and the administrative connection method matches the distribution (for example, a Unix socket versus password authentication). Check the exact database and user host values; localhost and an IP address can represent different MySQL accounts.
WP-CLI reports an unsupported PHP version
Check the installed PHP binary with php -v and compare it with the WP-CLI requirement and the current WordPress support matrix. Upgrade the Ubuntu release or select a tested, compatible WP-CLI and WordPress combination rather than bypassing the check.
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WordPress files are not writable
Do not solve every write error by making the entire tree owned and writable by www-data. Identify the operation that needs write access, grant it to the least directory and user required, and use a per-site user or PHP-FPM pool when multiple sites share the host.
The browser shows the wrong site or a redirect loop
Inspect the enabled virtual host/server block, DNS target, TLS proxy headers and the stored home and siteurl values. A subdirectory install commonly fails when those URLs disagree with the web-server document root.
A second run changes everything
Look for unpinned downloads, archive extraction without a guard, commands that always return changed, and templates that include nondeterministic timestamps. Replace them with checksums, state-aware modules and handlers.
Production safeguards and maintenance
Use HTTPS, restrict inbound ports with a firewall, and keep SSH access separate from the web process. Back up both the database and wp-content; test restoring them to a clean host. Plan WordPress core, plugin, theme, PHP and Ubuntu updates as reviewed changes with staging and rollback points. Keep secrets rotatable: changing a Vault value should update the database credential and configuration in a controlled run, not require editing files by hand.
Ubuntu’s sample commands are a useful starting path, not a production baseline. Package names, PHP streams, WordPress requirements and Ansible collection behavior change over time. Pin the versions you have tested, document the target Ubuntu release, and revisit those pins when security updates or a new supported release requires a change.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can the playbook use Nginx instead of Apache?
Yes. Replace the Apache virtual-host and service tasks with an Nginx server block and PHP-FPM pool, then use handlers to reload each affected service. Keep the database, filesystem, Vault and WP-CLI stages the same.
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Deploy the files in that directory, pass the intended public URL to wp core install, then set and verify siteurl for the subdirectory while keeping home aligned with the URL visitors use.
Should I run WP-CLI as root?
No. Run configuration and installation commands as the site owner or the dedicated web-site user, and keep root limited to package, service and system-file tasks.
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