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To add an SSH private key to Coolify, open Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, choose New private key, and either generate an ED25519 key or import an existing private key. Coolify keeps the private half; you install the matching public key on the server account or add it as a repository deploy key. Then select that stored private key when you add a server or configure a private Git repository.
Coolify needs a non-interactive key: do not protect it with a passphrase or a second-factor prompt, because automated server checks and deployments cannot stop to ask for one. ED25519 is the normal choice. Use RSA only when the destination system does not accept ED25519.
What Coolify stores and what it does not
An SSH key pair has two parts:
- Private key: the secret credential Coolify uses when it opens an SSH connection. Store it only in Coolify or another protected secret store.
- Public key: the authorization value you place on a server or with a Git provider. It is safe to distribute to the systems that must recognize the private key.
Coolify does not grant access merely because a private key exists in its account. The matching public key must be authorized at the destination. A server login and a private-repository checkout are separate trust relationships, even when both use SSH.
Choose the right key type and scope
| Decision | Recommended choice | When to choose another option |
|---|---|---|
| Algorithm | ED25519, generated by Coolify | RSA only when the target operating system, appliance, or Git service rejects ED25519 |
| Protection | No passphrase or interactive second factor | None for a key Coolify must use automatically; an interactive key cannot complete unattended checks |
| Purpose | A key dedicated to one role, such as one server group or one repository | A shared key only when you accept shared rotation and revocation risk |
| Repository access | Read-only deploy key limited to one private repository | Broader credentials only when your provider’s deployment design requires them |
Purpose-specific keys make it possible to revoke one connection without interrupting unrelated servers or applications. They also make the key’s name and ownership understandable months later.
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Before you add a key
Prepare these items before opening Coolify:
- Administrator or owner permissions in the Coolify instance. Only team administrators and owners can create, change, or delete private keys.
- The destination server’s IP address or domain, SSH port, and login user if you are connecting a server.
- A trusted terminal session that can log in to that account, so you can install the public key without locking yourself out.
- For a private repository, permission to add a deploy key at the repository provider and the provider’s SSH clone URL, for example
git@github.com:owner/repo.git. - A decision about whether this credential is for server access, repository access, or both. Separate purposes are easier to rotate independently.
Do not delete the key currently used by your terminal session until Coolify has passed validation. Keep a second administrative path available while changing SSH authorization.
Add an SSH private key in Coolify
Generate a new ED25519 key
- Sign in to Coolify and open Keys & Tokens → Private Keys.
- Select New private key.
- Choose Generate ED25519.
- Leave the passphrase empty. Coolify must be able to use the key without an interactive prompt.
- Save the key.
- Open the saved key’s edit screen and give it a purpose-specific name, such as
production-web-serversororders-repository-readonly. - Copy the complete Public key value. Preserve the entire line, including its algorithm prefix and trailing comment if one is present.
The generated private key remains in Coolify. You normally only copy the public key to the systems that will authorize it.
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- Go to Keys & Tokens → Private Keys → New private key.
- Choose the import option and paste the complete private-key text into the private-key field.
- Confirm that the imported key has no passphrase. If it does, Coolify cannot answer the passphrase prompt during an automated connection.
- Save the key, assign a descriptive purpose-specific name, and copy its matching public key from the edit screen.
Never paste a public key into the private-key field, and never trim header, footer, or line breaks from a multi-line private-key format. If you no longer have the matching public key, derive it with a trusted local SSH tool before authorizing the destination; do not guess which public key belongs to the private key.
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Authorize the key on a server
The server must authorize the public key for the exact Unix account that Coolify will use. If Coolify will log in as root, install the key in root’s home directory; if it will log in as another user, use that user’s home directory instead.
- From a trusted terminal, connect with the account you intend Coolify to use, for example
ssh root@<server-ip>orssh -p <ssh-port> root@<server-ip>. - Create the SSH directory and set its permissions:
mkdir -p ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys- Paste the complete Coolify public key on its own line in
~/.ssh/authorized_keys. Do not join it to another key or wrap it across lines. - Save the file and set the file permission:
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys- Keep the key used by your current session until Coolify succeeds. Removing it prematurely can leave you without administrative access.
When a server uses a nonstandard SSH configuration, also verify that the account’s home directory, the SSH service, and any security policy permit public-key authentication. Coolify can only use the host, port, user, and key combination that you provide.
Add and validate the server in Coolify
- Open Servers in Coolify.
- Select New server → IP address or domain.
- Enter the server’s IP address or DNS name.
- Enter the SSH port. Use the server’s actual listening port rather than assuming the default.
- Enter the authorized account name.
- Choose the matching Private key from Coolify’s stored keys.
- Select Continue, then choose Validate connection.
Validation does more than a basic TCP test. Coolify attempts SSH authentication, checks the operating system and required tools, installs or verifies Docker Engine and Compose, records server information, and starts the proxy. Wait for those checks to finish before creating applications on the server.
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A successful validation proves that the selected private key matches a public key authorized for the configured account. It does not prove that the same key can read a Git repository; repository authorization is configured separately.
Deploy from a private Git repository with a deploy key
A deploy key grants one SSH key access to one private repository. This narrow scope is useful when an application only needs to clone its own source code.
Configure the provider
- Open the repository’s deploy-key or access-key settings at your Git provider.
- Add the complete public key copied from Coolify.
- Keep write access disabled unless your deployment process genuinely needs to push. A read-only deploy key limits the damage from a compromised deployment credential.
Configure the application in Coolify
- Start the application creation flow and choose Private Repository (with deploy key).
- Select the Coolify server that will perform the checkout.
- Select the stored private key whose public half you added to the repository.
- Paste the provider’s SSH clone URL, such as
git@github.com:owner/repo.git. Do not paste the repository’s HTTPS URL in this SSH deploy-key workflow. - Choose the required branch and complete the application setup.
The deployment server must be able to resolve and reach the Git host. This matters especially for Forgejo, Gogs, and self-hosted Git-compatible services: DNS, routing, firewall rules, and the Git host’s SSH port must all be available from the Coolify server.
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Can one SSH key be used for both a server and a repository?
Technically, the same key pair can be authorized in both places, but that couples two unrelated permissions. A key in a user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys authorizes server login; it does not authorize repository cloning. A repository deploy key authorizes that repository; it does not authorize server login.
| Setup | Advantages | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| One key for server and repository | Fewer stored credentials and fewer initial setup steps | Revoking or rotating the key affects both access paths; compromise has a wider blast radius |
| Separate server and repository keys | Independent rotation, revocation, auditing, and least-privilege scope | More keys to name, store, and maintain |
Use separate keys when the server and repository have different owners, lifecycles, environments, or incident-response requirements. If you deliberately reuse a key, document every authorization location so you do not remove one dependency accidentally during rotation.
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Do not overwrite a shared private-key value in place. Create a replacement and move each dependency in a controlled sequence.
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- Create a new ED25519 key in Keys & Tokens → Private Keys, or import a replacement without a passphrase.
- Add its public key to every required server account and repository deploy-key setting.
- For each connected server, edit the server and select the replacement private key.
- For each application using a private repository, select the replacement key and verify its repository configuration.
- Validate every server connection and run at least one deployment for each affected application.
- After successful verification, remove the old public key from servers and repositories.
- Delete the old Coolify private key only after no dependency uses it.
Coolify marks a key as unused only when no server, application, GitHub App, or GitLab App references it. The interface prevents safe deletion while dependencies remain, so update those references rather than forcing removal.
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Coolify encrypts supported credentials, including SSH private keys, in its database. A self-hosted installation also writes keys to protected SSH storage. Treat the following as privileged recovery material:
- The Coolify database.
/data/coolify/source/.env./data/coolify/ssh/keys/.- Backups that contain the database or those directories.
Limit access to the Coolify host, database, backup repository, and administrator accounts. Do not copy private keys into tickets, chat messages, shell history, application logs, or public source repositories. A database backup should be protected with the same seriousness as the live instance because it may contain recoverable encrypted credentials.
CLI and self-hosted provider considerations
The Coolify CLI can create an application from a private repository with coolify app create deploy-key. The command requires the private-key UUID, Git branch, and repository SSH URL. Obtain the UUID and exact key selection from your Coolify configuration, and use the SSH clone address rather than an HTTPS address.
For Forgejo, Gogs, and other self-hosted Git-compatible services, the deployment server must resolve and reach the Git host. A valid key will still fail if DNS, routing, firewall policy, or the Git service’s SSH listener is inaccessible from that server.
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Troubleshoot an invalid or failed SSH key
| Symptom | Checks and corrective action |
|---|---|
| Coolify reports an invalid private key | Confirm that you pasted the private half, retained its complete header and footer, and did not add a passphrase. Re-import the original key if its text was truncated. |
| Permission denied during server validation | Check the host, SSH port, and user. Confirm that the matching public key is one complete line in that user’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, then verify directory mode 700 and file mode 600. |
| Authentication works in a terminal but not in Coolify | Compare the terminal’s account and port with the values in the Coolify server form. Ensure the Coolify key selected in the form is the pair whose public key you installed; a different local key proves nothing about the stored key. |
| Repository clone fails while server access works | Server authorization and repository authorization are independent. Add Coolify’s public key as a deploy key on the repository, select Private Repository (with deploy key), and use the SSH clone URL. |
| Validation reaches the host but setup cannot finish | Check that the operating system has the required tools and that Docker Engine and Compose can be installed or verified. Review outbound firewall and DNS access from the deployment server. |
| Coolify will not delete an old key | Inspect connected servers, applications, GitHub App references, and GitLab App references. Switch every dependency to the replacement key before deleting the old one. |
Final operating checklist
- Create or import the key under Keys & Tokens → Private Keys.
- Use ED25519 unless the destination explicitly requires RSA.
- Leave the key without a passphrase so automated Coolify jobs can use it.
- Authorize only the matching public key on the intended server account or repository.
- Select that private key when adding the server or private-repository application.
- Use Validate connection before relying on the server for deployments.
- Prefer read-only, purpose-specific deploy keys for private repositories.
- Rotate by adding a replacement everywhere, testing it, then removing the old key.
- Protect the Coolify database, environment file, SSH-key directory, and backups as privileged secrets.
The reliable pattern is simple: store the private key once in Coolify, authorize its public counterpart at the exact destination, select the stored key for the matching connection, and verify before removing any existing access.
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