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To add a server to Coolify, prepare a reachable Linux host, authorize a Coolify-generated ED25519 public key for the account Coolify will use, then add the host under Servers and run Validate connection. Coolify connects over SSH, performs operating-system and Docker checks, and only marks the host ready after those checks succeed.
The important distinction is that validation is more than a login test: on a new server it can install or verify Docker Engine and Docker Compose, collect hardware and kernel information, and start the Coolify proxy. Plan for that setup work before validating a production machine.
What you need before adding the server
Coolify’s documented manual setup expects a Linux server with a reachable IP address or hostname, console or password access, and an SSH service listening on an open port (normally 22). You also need access to the Coolify dashboard and authority to change the target account’s SSH configuration and firewall.
- A reachable address: Use an IP address or DNS hostname that the Coolify instance can resolve and reach. Do not include
http://orhttps://when entering it in Coolify. - An SSH port: Port 22 is the usual default. If SSH listens elsewhere, record that port and use it consistently in both the server and Coolify settings.
- An SSH account: The standard manual guide uses
root. A non-root account is possible only through Coolify’s separate non-root setup, so do not enter a non-root user while following root-account instructions. - Initial access: Keep console or password access available while installing the key. It is your recovery path if the key or permissions are entered incorrectly.
- Firewall reachability: The firewall must allow the Coolify host’s source address to reach the selected SSH port. A port can be open on the server and still unreachable because of a provider, network, or host firewall rule.
Use a fresh server when possible. Validation may install Docker and restart the Docker service; containers already running on the host can therefore be temporarily unavailable while the installation or restart completes.
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Choose the server’s Coolify role first
The role determines which work Coolify sends to this machine. Choose it according to CPU, memory, storage, and how much isolation you need between image builds and running applications.
| Role | What it does | Constraint |
|---|---|---|
| Deployments and builds | Builds images and runs applications, databases, and other services on the same server. | Build activity shares CPU, memory, storage, and I/O with deployed workloads. |
| Deployments only | Runs applications, databases, and services while image builds take place on another server. | You must have a separate usable build server available for the build jobs. |
| Builds only | Provides dedicated capacity for building images. | It is not a destination for deployed applications, databases, or services. |
If a single small host will both build and run a few services, Deployments and builds is the simplest choice. Separate roles when builds can exhaust resources needed by production workloads, or when policy requires build infrastructure to be isolated from runtime hosts.
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Coolify’s server connection uses a private key stored in Coolify and the matching public key installed on the server. The private key must not require a passphrase: Coolify cannot stop for an interactive passphrase prompt during an automated connection.
- In the Coolify dashboard, open Keys & Tokens > Private Keys.
- Select New private key.
- Choose Generate ED25519 and save the new key.
- Copy the complete public key shown for that entry. Copy the entire single-line value, including its
ssh-ed25519prefix and the trailing comment if one is displayed.
Keep the key entry identifiable. When you later add the server, select this exact private key; selecting a different key whose public half was not installed on the host produces an authentication failure even when the address and user are correct.
Authorize the public key on the Linux server
Use the console or an existing SSH session to modify the account that Coolify will log in as. The key must be in that account’s home directory, not in another administrator’s directory.
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Connect using the current access method
For the root account on the default SSH port, connect with:
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ssh -p <ssh-port> root@<server-ip>If you will use a non-root account, substitute that account in every command and in Coolify’s SSH user field. The account must be configured according to Coolify’s non-root requirements; do not assume that copying the root procedure is sufficient.
Create the SSH directory with restrictive permissions
Run the following as the target account:
mkdir -p ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.sshAppend the public key copied from Coolify to the account’s authorized-key file. The value between the quotes must be the complete key on one line:
printf '%sn' 'ssh-ed25519 AAAA...your-complete-public-key...' >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keysCheck ownership as well as mode if the account’s home directory was prepared by another user. The target account must be able to read ~/.ssh/authorized_keys; an ownership or path error can look like a bad key even when the key text is correct.
Test the new key before changing anything else
From a machine that has access to the Coolify host, test the same address, port, user, and private key that you intend to enter in the dashboard. A verbose SSH attempt can reveal whether the failure is DNS, routing, port access, or authentication:
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ssh -vvv -p <ssh-port> <ssh-user>@<server-address>Do not delete the key used by your current session until a separate login using the new Coolify key has succeeded. Removing your only working key can turn a correct Coolify configuration into a lockout that requires console recovery.
Add the host in the Coolify dashboard
- Open Servers in Coolify and select New server.
- Choose IP address or domain.
- Enter a recognizable server name. Add a description if your team needs a purpose, location, or ownership note.
- Enter the reachable IP address or hostname without a URL scheme. For example, enter
server.example.net, nothttps://server.example.net. - Enter the SSH port. Use
22only when the server actually listens on port 22. - Enter the exact SSH user whose
authorized_keyscontains the public key. - Select the matching private key from the key list.
- Select the server role: Deployments and builds, Deployments only, or Builds only.
- Select Continue to create the server entry.
At this stage Coolify has the connection details, but the host is not operationally ready until its General page passes validation.
Validate the connection and understand what happens
Open the new server’s General page and select Validate connection. A new-server validation can take several minutes because Coolify performs setup and discovery rather than merely checking whether an SSH banner appears.
According to Coolify’s documented validation sequence, it:
- Tests the SSH connection using the address, port, user, and private key you supplied.
- Checks the operating system and required tools.
- Installs or verifies Docker Engine and Docker Compose.
- Records server information for management in Coolify.
- Starts the Coolify proxy.
On an existing host, these actions can restart Docker. That restart can briefly interrupt containers already running there, which is why a fresh server is preferred for first-time validation. Do not treat a temporary application interruption during this step as proof that the SSH credentials are wrong.
What a successful validation displays
Wait for the General page to report that the server is reachable and validated. Successful validation also exposes collected details such as the operating system, CPU architecture, CPU core count, memory, kernel version, and Docker versions. The reachable-and-validated status is the operational confirmation that the host can be selected as a deployment destination.
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Fix common validation failures
Authentication error
An authentication error means the SSH service was reached but the credentials did not produce a usable login. Check all five values as a set:
- The address resolves to the intended server.
- The SSH port matches the listening port and the port entered in Coolify.
- The SSH user is the account where you installed the key.
- The selected Coolify private key is the one whose public half you copied.
- That complete public key appears in the target account’s
~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
Test outside Coolify with the same user and port. If direct SSH succeeds only with a different account or port, update the server entry to match the working combination and validate again.
Permission or “publickey” failure
OpenSSH commonly rejects a key when the SSH directory or authorized-key file is writable by others, owned by the wrong account, or placed in the wrong home directory. Reapply:
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keysConfirm that the file belongs to the login user and that the key is a single uninterrupted line. If you are still connected through an older key, leave that key in place until the replacement login has been verified.
Timeout
A timeout usually points to reachability rather than key content. Check the SSH port first, then verify that the firewall allows the relevant source address. The relevant source may be the machine or network where the Coolify instance runs, not your laptop’s public address. Also check upstream security groups, network ACLs, routing, and whether the hostname resolves to the correct address.
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After correcting the rule, test the port and SSH login again, then select Validate connection. A firewall change does not retroactively update a failed validation.
Validation fails after an address, port, or network change
Revalidate whenever you change the server IP or domain, SSH user, SSH port, routing, firewall rules, or tunnel configuration. Coolify must test the new path; a previously successful status does not prove that changed connection details still work.
Docker or operating-system setup does not complete
Allow the validation process time to finish, especially on a new host. Confirm that the server is a supported Linux environment with the required tools and that the account has the access needed for Docker installation and service management. If existing workloads are important, schedule validation during a maintenance window because Docker may be restarted. Review the General page after the attempt and correct the reported prerequisite or access problem before trying again.
Use private SSH networking when public SSH is undesirable
If you need to keep the server’s address private or close public SSH after initial setup, Coolify documents Server SSH Access through a Cloudflare Tunnel. This changes the network path, so the tunnel endpoint, routing, and SSH settings entered in Coolify must all agree. After creating or modifying the tunnel, run Validate connection again; validation is the check that the new path works from Coolify’s point of view.
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Quick Recap
Operational checks after the server is ready
- Confirm the General page still says the server is reachable and validated before assigning deployments.
- Record the server’s selected role so future deployments do not accidentally send builds to a deployments-only host or applications to a builds-only host.
- Monitor resource contention when using the combined deployments-and-builds role; image builds and production services share the same machine.
- Keep console access and a known-good administrative key available for recovery.
- When changing SSH, firewall, routing, or tunnel settings, treat revalidation as part of the change procedure rather than waiting for a deployment to expose the problem.
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