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Agent coordination lets systems divide work and exchange messages; runtime discovery lets an agent find a suitable peer it does not already know, verify that peer, and establish a supported way to interact. They solve related but distinct problems. “SMESH” is unresolved in the available documentation: Semesh is a plausible interpretation, but the sources do not establish that it is the official name of the Semesh project.
Why coordination alone does not introduce agents
A coordinator can assign tasks, track state, or pass messages among agents whose identities and connections are already known. That does not answer how an agent finds an unknown service at runtime, determines whether it can perform the needed task, or learns how to invoke it.
Without discovery, a consumer may rely on hardcoded addresses or custom lookup logic. A discovery layer instead exposes descriptions or catalog records that consumers can search, then provides a defined route to establish trust and call the selected peer. Discovery is not itself authorization, identity verification, or execution: those remain distinct steps.
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A useful introduction connects a request to an executable, trusted interaction. At minimum, the architecture needs to describe capabilities, select a provider, establish the caller’s right to interact, and specify how the request and result flow. The details vary by system; Semesh and AMP document different workflows and should not be treated as one protocol.
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- Describe: Publish a capability record or catalog entry that explains what a provider offers.
- Discover and select: Find a candidate matching the request, then choose the relevant capability or action.
- Establish trust: Check identity and authorization, and use any required credentials or session proof.
- Connect and invoke: Follow the provider’s connection or action contract, then observe the result and handle failures.
Semesh: search a Service Unit, then use its canonical action
The Semesh agent guide describes the platform as “a searchable Service Unit layer.” Its documented flow starts with public, anonymous read-only discovery and detail lookup. Authentication is required for a canonical Service Unit Action quote or invocation. This means discovery can precede authentication, but it does not grant permission to execute an action.
- Discover: Search the catalog and inspect Service Unit details to find a relevant unit and its nested Action.
- Preserve the catalog identity: Carry the exact Unit/Action identity and catalog pin through the quote and invocation rather than substituting an approximate match.
- Quote: Request the canonical action quote. The guide describes this as effect-zero: it does not make a provider call.
- Invoke and observe: Authenticate, invoke through the canonical Unit Action route, and observe the returned Invocation through the documented route.
The guide cautions readers to verify live discovery before making mutations. Its documented workflow explains an intended contract; it does not by itself establish that a production service is currently deployed or available. See the Semesh agent guide.
AMP: match by capability, then connect directly
Agent Mesh Protocol (AMP) documents a separate runtime-introduction pattern. A provider publishes an Agent Card describing its identity, domains, capabilities, and endpoints. A consumer requests a domain or capability; a matching engine selects a provider and gives the participants a session token. The consumer then connects to the provider’s gRPC endpoint and presents that token. AMP’s README describes the resulting relationship simply: “The two agents talk directly.”
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In AMP’s model, matching introduces the parties; it is not the ongoing communication path. The README presents provider substitution and adding agents without redeploying consumers as use cases, and positions AMP for cross-organization collaboration. These are AMP’s project claims, not evidence that Semesh uses Agent Cards, gRPC, NATS, or AMP’s token scheme. AMP also says MCP is a better fit for LLM-to-tool integration and that the two approaches are complementary. Its README estimates a matching round-trip at approximately 10–50 ms; that is AMP’s own implementation estimate, not a general measurement of agent meshes. See the AMP project README.
Discovery is not a trust decision
A capability match says that a provider appears relevant; it does not prove who controls that provider, whether its identity remains valid, or whether the caller is authorized to invoke it. These questions matter especially when agents cross team or organizational boundaries.
Microsoft’s AgentMesh Trust and Coordination 1.0 specification recommends signed Agent Cards. It specifies that a discovery client retrieve a card, verify its signature, check its DID against a revocation list, and initiate a handshake if verification succeeds. Its capability-discovery method is intended to return cards advertising a requested capability without requiring prior knowledge of agent DIDs. The specification calls for fail-closed behavior for failures such as invalid signatures, revoked identities, or insufficient trust. These are requirements and recommendations in Microsoft’s specification, not universal rules or verified behavior in Semesh or AMP. See the Microsoft Agent Governance Toolkit specification.
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When to use a registry or mesh instead of direct calls
A registry or mesh is most useful when consumers need to locate changing or independently managed providers. Direct calls can be simpler when the set of services is fixed and owned within one project. AMP explicitly notes that direct HTTP may be simpler for fixed service sets; its matching overhead also makes it a poor fit for workloads requiring sub-millisecond latency, according to its README.
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| Decision factor | Registry or mesh | Direct calls |
|---|---|---|
| Topology and ownership | Can suit peers managed by different teams or organizations; AMP positions itself for cross-organization use. | Can suit a fixed set of services inside one project. |
| Provider changes | A catalog or matching layer can decouple consumers from provider addresses and support provider substitution; AMP presents adding agents without consumer redeployment as a use case. | Consumers may need updated endpoints or bespoke lookup logic when providers change. |
| Trust boundary | Requires explicit decisions about signed identity, revocation, authorization, and binding a handshake or session to the selected peer. | Still requires authentication and authorization, but the caller may already know the service and endpoint. |
| Runtime contract | Must define what search returns, how a capability or action is selected, what credentials prove access, how invocation works, and how results and errors are observed. | Must define the endpoint, request/response format, credentials, and error handling for each known service. |
| Operational cost | Adds discovery and matching dependencies; operators must consider availability, catalog freshness, presence or heartbeat behavior, latency, and auditability. | Avoids a separate matching round-trip but places endpoint and change management on consumers or their configuration. |
For an example of a narrower scope, MongoDB’s Atlas Agent Engine documentation synopsis describes same-project agents that can discover and invoke one another at runtime, configured with an a2a: block. The available synopsis does not establish further implementation details. See MongoDB Atlas Agent Engine documentation.
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How to evaluate a discovery design
Before adopting a runtime introduction layer, map the entire path from request to observed result. A system that can search capabilities but cannot establish trust or provide a stable invocation contract has only solved part of the problem.
Quick Recap
- Can providers publish descriptions that are specific enough to distinguish similar capabilities?
- Does selection return an exact, stable provider and action identity?
- How are identity signatures, revocation, authorization, and session binding checked?
- What does the caller receive after matching: an endpoint, a token, a canonical action route, or something else?
- How are timeouts, stale records, unavailable providers, failed handshakes, and invocation errors represented?
- Can operators audit which provider was selected, under which catalog or identity state, and what invocation followed?
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