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Use the certificate authority’s suggested ACME Renewal Information (ARI) window whenever both the CA and your ACME client support it. Let’s Encrypt recommends checking ARI for each certificate at least twice a day. If ARI is unavailable, renew automatically when one-third of the certificate’s total lifetime remains; for certificates valid for fewer than 10 days, use the halfway point instead. For a current 90-day Let’s Encrypt certificate, that fallback is 30 days before expiry.
Those are timing recommendations, not a universal ACME rule. The correct schedule also depends on the CA, the client, the certificate lifetime and who operates the renewal process.
What “how often” means in ACME automation
There are two different activities that are often confused:
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- Renewing: the client places a new ACME order, obtains a replacement certificate and deploys it.
Checking twice daily does not mean issuing a replacement twice daily. It means the client polls for current renewal guidance frequently enough to notice the CA’s suggested window. The actual order should be created when ARI says to renew, or when your lifetime-based fallback threshold is reached.
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RFC 8555 describes a certificate as an immutable resource. A client seeking a renewed certificate initiates a new order rather than modifying the existing certificate in place. Read the protocol description in the ACME specification (RFC 8555).
Preferred schedule: follow ARI when it is available
ARI gives the CA a way to suggest a renewal window for a particular certificate. That lets the CA account for certificate-specific conditions instead of forcing every subscriber into the same day-count rule.
Let’s Encrypt’s integration guidance says: “We recommend checking ACME Renewal Information for each certificate at least twice a day.” Configure the client or its scheduler to perform that check at least every 12 hours, then let the returned window determine when the replacement order is made. See the Let’s Encrypt integration guide.
How to use an ARI-based schedule
- Verify support on both sides. Confirm that the CA exposes ARI and that the ACME client version can query and act on it. A CA endpoint alone is not enough if the client cannot consume the response.
- Run a recurring check. Schedule the client to check each certificate at least twice daily, as Let’s Encrypt recommends.
- Read the certificate-specific window. Do not replace the CA’s suggested timing with a hard-coded “30 days before expiry” rule when ARI supplies a different window.
- Allow the client to place the order. The client performs the new order, validation and certificate retrieval according to its normal ACME workflow.
- Deploy and verify the replacement. Confirm that the new certificate is installed on every endpoint that serves the hostname and that the service presents the replacement after reload or restart.
ARI is formalized by RFC 9773. Let’s Encrypt engineer Aaron Gable announced its publication on September 16, 2025, so support is still dependent on the CA and client implementations you use.
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Fallback schedule when ARI is unavailable
When no ARI guidance is available, use the certificate’s actual validity period rather than copying a fixed number of days from another deployment. Let’s Encrypt recommends renewing automatically when one-third of the total lifetime remains. For a certificate with a validity period under 10 days, it recommends renewing halfway through that lifetime.
| Certificate validity | Fallback trigger | How to interpret it |
|---|---|---|
| 10 days or longer | One-third of the total lifetime remains | Calculate the threshold from the certificate’s issued lifetime, not from a universal calendar interval. |
| Shorter than 10 days | Half of the total lifetime remains | Use the midpoint because the normal one-third rule is not the recommendation for these short-lived certificates. |
| Current Let’s Encrypt certificate (90-day lifetime) | 30 days before expiration | Thirty days is one-third of a 90-day lifetime; it is a Let’s Encrypt fallback example, not a universal ACME requirement. |
For example, applying the one-third rule to a 30-day certificate yields a 10-day remaining-life trigger. That arithmetic follows the lifetime rule; it does not establish that every CA issues 30-day certificates or recommends the same threshold.
Let’s Encrypt states both the twice-daily ARI check and the one-third-lifetime backstop in its official integration guide. Treat those figures as that CA’s recommendations and confirm whether your own CA publishes different guidance.
Choosing the right scheduler and owner
ACME automation is performed by the client that holds the account credentials and private key. Do not assume that a hosting platform, load balancer or cloud certificate service will renew an ACME certificate on your behalf.
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AWS documents this distinction for certificates issued through ACME in its ACME issuance guide: the ACME client must request a new certificate before the existing one expires, and scheduled mechanisms such as cron jobs or systemd timers are commonly used to run the client. AWS also distinguishes customer-managed ACME certificates from AWS-managed certificates, which follow a separate managed-renewal process, in its ACME certificate automation documentation.
Ownership checklist
- Identify the machine, container or service that runs the ACME client.
- Confirm where the client stores its account key, certificate data and private key.
- Verify which process reloads the web server, proxy, gateway or application after issuance.
- Document whether a cloud service is merely hosting the certificate or actually managing its lifecycle.
- Assign an owner for failed orders, validation errors and deployment failures.
If the client stops running, the CA cannot compensate by renewing the certificate automatically unless the CA explicitly provides a managed service for that certificate type.
A practical renewal workflow
Use this sequence for each hostname or certificate lineage:
- Inventory the certificate. Record the CA, issuance date, expiration date, validity period, SAN names and the ACME account or client responsible for it.
- Determine the timing method. Use ARI when the CA and client support it. Otherwise calculate the one-third-lifetime threshold, or the halfway point for a certificate valid for fewer than 10 days.
- Schedule recurring checks. Run the client at least twice daily when following Let’s Encrypt’s ARI recommendation. A scheduler such as cron or a systemd timer can invoke the client, but the exact configuration is client- and operating-system-specific.
- Keep the validation path working. The client still needs the configured HTTP, DNS or other challenge method to succeed when it places the order. A frequent check cannot fix an inaccessible challenge endpoint.
- Request the replacement. When ARI’s window opens or the fallback threshold is reached, allow the client to create the new order and complete validation.
- Install the new files. Deploy the issued certificate and corresponding chain and private key to every service that terminates TLS for the names.
- Reload the service. Follow the service’s documented reload or restart procedure so it begins presenting the new certificate.
- Verify from the serving endpoint. Check the certificate actually delivered to clients, not only the files on disk. Confirm the names, issuer and expiration date.
- Record the result. Keep a success or failure record with the order time and deployment target so an unnoticed client failure does not continue until expiry.
The cited standards and CA guidance establish the timing and client responsibility. They do not prescribe one universal alerting product, log-retention period or monitoring architecture, so choose those controls to fit the systems that serve your certificates.
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Why a fixed “renew every 30 days” rule can fail
A fixed calendar interval silently assumes a particular certificate lifetime. It may renew too late for a short-lived certificate, waste orders for a long-lived one, or ignore a CA’s ARI window. The lifetime-based formula travels better across certificate profiles because it scales with the actual validity period.
Even the familiar 30-day figure has a narrow scope: it is derived from Let’s Encrypt’s current 90-day certificates and its one-third-lifetime fallback. It is not an ACME protocol constant, and it should not override an ARI recommendation.
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The client checks often but never renews
Checking is not the same as being inside the renewal window. Inspect the client’s decision log to determine whether ARI returned a later window or whether the lifetime threshold has not yet been reached. If the client supports neither ARI nor the configured fallback, update its renewal policy according to the client documentation.
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A timer only proves that a process started. Check the client’s exit status, ACME order errors, challenge reachability, account credentials and permissions to write the certificate files. Then verify that the serving process reloaded the replacement.
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A cloud service appears to own the certificate
Separate cloud-managed certificates from customer-managed ACME certificates. The AWS documentation cited above states that ACM does not perform renewal for ACME certificates; the client must request a new certificate. Identify the process holding the private key and make that process the renewal owner.
Different certificates have different expiry dates
Do not force them onto one shared day-of-month job. Run a recurring check for each certificate and let ARI or each certificate’s lifetime determine eligibility. A single scheduler can invoke the client regularly while the client makes certificate-specific decisions.
What the standards do—and do not—mandate
ACME defines the protocol for ordering and obtaining certificates; it does not impose one universal renewal day. RFC 8555, published by the IETF/RFC Editor in March 2019, describes the client-initiated order model. ARI, standardized later in RFC 9773, adds CA-provided timing information.
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- Use the CA’s ARI window when both the CA and client support it.
- Check ARI at least twice daily when following Let’s Encrypt’s recommendation.
- Without ARI, renew with one-third of the certificate lifetime remaining, or halfway through the lifetime when validity is under 10 days.
- Make the ACME client—not an assumed hosting provider—the accountable renewal component.
- Verify successful issuance and deployment before the old certificate expires.
For protocol details, consult RFC 8555 and the ARI specification at RFC 9773. For Let’s Encrypt-specific timing, use its integration guidance; for AWS customer-managed ACME deployments, see its issuance and automation pages.
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