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Diameter Gy is the logical online-charging connection between an LTE network’s Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) and its Online Charging System (OCS). The PCEF requests credit or service units, receives an authorization decision, enforces it for the relevant data flow, and reports usage in later exchanges. The exact policy, quota size, and failure behavior depend on the operator and implementation.
What Gy does in an LTE network
Gy lets the network apply online credit control to charging based on a service data flow. In the LTE policy and charging architecture, the PCEF is associated with the packet gateway (P-GW); Gy connects that function logically to the OCS. The PCEF is the enforcement point: it applies charging and policy decisions to the service data flows it handles.
3GPP TS 23.203, Release 16, places Gy between the OCS and PCEF and describes it as allowing online credit control for service-data-flow-based charging. Gy is a logical reference point, not a guarantee that the OCS and PCEF are separate physical devices. TS 32.240, Release 17, explicitly cautions against inferring physical implementation from its logical architecture diagram.
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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesHow a Gy credit-control exchange works
The interface uses Diameter Credit-Control-Request (CCR) messages from the charging client and Credit-Control-Answer (CCA) messages in reply. Diameter defines the request-and-answer framework; 3GPP charging specifications define how charging information and AVPs are used for the relevant service and procedure.
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- The PCEF identifies chargeable traffic. It applies the relevant service and charging context to a service data flow.
- The charging client sends a CCR. Depending on the charging procedure, the request can seek authorization or units, report charging information, or do both.
- The OCS evaluates the request. It uses the subscriber/account and service charging information to make a credit-control decision.
- The OCS returns a CCA. The answer communicates the decision and, where applicable, granted service units and charging controls.
- The PCEF enforces the result and reports usage. For an ongoing session, later exchanges can report consumed units and request further authorization.
- The credit-control exchange ends or commits the event. A termination exchange can report final usage and close a session; event procedures follow their applicable reservation and delivery rules.
Diameter AVPs (Attribute-Value Pairs) carry information such as identities, session state, requested or granted units, usage, and charging context. Which AVPs are mandatory or conditional depends on the procedure and specification release. For implementation details, use the edition of 3GPP TS 32.299 applicable to the network rather than assuming an older AVP table applies unchanged.
What happens during session charging
With session charging with unit reservation (SCUR), the charging client uses an initial request to begin credit control, update requests during the session, and a termination request when it closes. The PCEF reports consumed units in updates and may request further authorization. The OCS controls the granted units and their validity; there is no universal quota size or timer for all Gy deployments.
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This is the standards-level sequence, not a promise that every vendor’s trace or management interface displays each step in the same way. Operators configure details such as quota policy, timers, and handling when credit control cannot be completed.
How SCUR, ECUR, and IEC differ
3GPP charging procedures include three approaches that can be selected according to the service and operator policy. Their defining distinction is whether credit control covers a continuing session or an event, and how units are reserved and accounted for.
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| Mode | Charging basis | Reservation and accounting | Request pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| SCUR (session charging with unit reservation) | Session-based | Units are reserved for service; usage is reported during the session and at termination. | Initial, update, and termination interrogations. |
| ECUR (event charging with unit reservation) | Event-based | Units are reserved before delivery and committed after successful delivery. | Event charging exchanges; exact message details depend on the applicable procedure and specification release. |
| IEC (immediate event charging) | Event-based | Credit control is driven by the charging event; the precise reservation and commit behavior depends on the applicable procedure. | Event-based request; exact request-type details depend on the applicable procedure and specification release. |
These are alternatives, not a universal ranking: the service being charged and the operator’s policy determine which procedure is used. TS 32.299 is the relevant specification for the detailed Diameter charging message and AVP rules.
Gy versus Gz, and how Gy relates to Ro
| Reference point | Charging system and purpose | Effect on service |
|---|---|---|
| Gy | PCEF to OCS for online, service-data-flow-based credit control. | The authorization and granted units can affect service in real time. |
| Gz | PCEF to offline charging system for service-data-flow-based charging information. | It carries information for offline charging rather than online credit authorization. |
Ro is the general online-charging reference point in the broader 3GPP charging architecture. Gy is functionally equivalent to Ro at that architectural level, while Gy names the packet-domain charging reference point between the PCEF and OCS. That relationship does not make the labels interchangeable in every specification or deployment.
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Which specifications define Gy details
- 3GPP TS 23.203: PCC architecture and Gy placement. The cited Release 16 text describes Gy between the OCS and PCEF.
- 3GPP TS 32.240: charging architecture, including logical reference points and the caution that diagrams do not prescribe physical implementation. The cited edition is Release 17.
- 3GPP TS 32.251: packet-switched-domain charging procedures.
- 3GPP TS 32.299: Diameter charging applications, messages, and AVPs.
- 3GPP TS 32.296: OCS applications and interfaces.
These specifications are maintained under change control. ETSI’s publication listing showed TS 23.203 V19.2.0, Release 19, dated January 2026; that version signal does not establish that every related specification has the same latest release. For a live implementation, check the release and change level that applies to the network, especially before relying on specific AVP requirements or procedure details.
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