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6G standards are being developed through two related but distinct tracks: the International Telecommunication Union’s IMT-2030 process sets the international framework and evaluates candidate radio technologies, while 3GPP develops detailed mobile-system specifications in releases. Neither organization writes every part of 6G alone. As of October 10, 2026, the framework is established, but key requirements and evaluation documents still awaited approval, and the ITU’s candidate-technology submission window had not yet opened.
Who sets 6G standards?
No single company, government, or standards body sets all of 6G. The International Telecommunication Union’s Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) coordinates the global process for International Mobile Telecommunications, or IMT. Its next-generation framework is called IMT-2030, the name used for 6G in ITU materials. The ITU-R process establishes objectives and requirements, invites candidate terrestrial radio-interface technologies, and evaluates candidates for possible inclusion in the international framework.
3GPP is a separate partnership-based standards project that creates detailed mobile-system specifications through releases. Its Release 21 schedule includes continued 5G Advanced work and the first normative 6G specifications. Those specifications are related to the wider IMT-2030 effort, but a 3GPP release milestone is not the same event as ITU approval of an IMT-2030 radio technology.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute| Track | What it does | What its milestones mean |
|---|---|---|
| ITU-R IMT-2030 | Defines the international framework, coordinates minimum requirements and evaluation, receives candidate radio-interface technologies, and considers recognition through the IMT process. | Framework publication, approval of requirements and evaluation materials, candidate submission and evaluation, and eventual ITU approval. |
| 3GPP Release 21 | Develops detailed mobile-system specifications in a release process; Release 21 combines 5G Advanced work with initial normative 6G specifications. | Package, stage, functional, and encoding/API freezes for that release. These do not themselves constitute ITU approval. |
ITU’s 2023 description says companies and industry associations will submit candidate radio-interface proposals for ITU-R consideration. They contribute technical proposals and work, but that does not mean any one vendor controls the result. The ITU framework is explicitly a multi-stakeholder process; its scope is broader than any individual company’s implementation.
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What IMT-2030 means—and what it does not
IMT-2030 is the ITU’s technical reference and framework for the next generation of International Mobile Telecommunications, commonly called 6G. Recommendation ITU-R M.2160 contains the framework and its overall objectives. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly approved the framework in 2023, establishing a direction for work rather than a complete, deployable specification.
The framework describes six expected usage scenarios: immersive communication; hyper-reliable and low-latency communication; enhanced ubiquitous connectivity; massive communication; artificial intelligence and communications; and integrated multi-dimensional sensing. It also identifies 15 capabilities for 6G technology, nine of which the ITU says are derived from existing 5G systems. These are planning categories that help guide standards work. They are not promises that a commercial network will offer every scenario at launch, nor are they measured consumer speed, latency, or coverage results.
This distinction matters because a framework answers questions such as what kinds of use cases and capabilities future mobile systems should address. It does not, by itself, specify every technical detail that a network or device manufacturer would implement. Those details emerge through later requirements, candidate evaluation, and specification work.
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How the ITU-R process develops the global framework
1. Establish a shared vision
ITU-R first develops the overall framework and objectives. The IMT-2030 framework in Recommendation M.2160 gives participants a common reference for the expected role and capability areas of 6G. It makes the process more than a race to announce a technology: proposals can be considered against a shared international direction.
2. Define measurable requirements and evaluation methods
ITU-R Working Party 5D (WP 5D) works on IMT requirements and evaluation materials. Requirements set minimum technical performance thresholds for candidate technologies; evaluation guidance describes how proposals are assessed against those thresholds. Common criteria are important because a candidate should not be judged by a different yardstick from its competitors.
In February 2026, WP 5D completed a draft report containing 20 minimum technical performance requirements. In June 2026, it completed draft evaluation guidelines. As of October 10, 2026, these were WP 5D draft outputs, not approved ITU requirements or guidelines: ITU materials said they had been submitted or sent to Study Group 5 for consideration at its December 2026 meeting. That approval was still pending at the stated date.
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WP 5D is the specialist working party, not the final approval authority for every report it drafts. Its parent, ITU-R Study Group 5, handles terrestrial radiocommunication work and considers the WP 5D material. A draft’s completion at working-party level should therefore not be described as an approved global requirement.
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3. Invite candidate radio-interface technologies
The ITU-R invitation sets a February 2027 to February 2029 window for submissions of candidate terrestrial radio-interface technologies. Companies and industry associations are among the proposal sources identified by the ITU. The invitation is a defined stage in the process; it does not mean candidates had already been submitted or selected by October 2026.
4. Evaluate candidate proposals
Candidate technologies are assessed against the minimum requirements and evaluation criteria through the ITU-R process, with independent evaluation groups involved. The purpose is to determine how proposals perform against common criteria, rather than to treat a framework scenario or a vendor claim as proof of compliance. The outcome of this evaluation feeds into the international IMT-2030 process.
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5. Complete recognition and detailed specification work
ITU-R’s candidate process and 3GPP’s release process proceed in relation to one another, but they serve different purposes. ITU-R coordinates the international IMT framework and candidate evaluation; 3GPP develops detailed mobile-system specifications. A technology can be discussed in both contexts, but the organizations’ milestones must not be collapsed into one date or approval.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What is the timeline for 6G standards?
The timeline contains several separate milestones, and none should be mistaken for a guaranteed date when consumers will have 6G service. The dates below reflect official plans reported as of October 10, 2026.
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|---|---|---|
| IMT-2030 framework | Approved in 2023 | The ITU’s overall framework and objectives were established; detailed standards work continued afterward. |
| WP 5D draft requirements report | Completed February 2026; Study Group 5 approval expected for consideration in December 2026 | The report contained 20 minimum technical performance requirements. Approval was still pending as of October 10, 2026. |
| WP 5D draft evaluation guidelines | Completed June 2026; sent to Study Group 5 for approval at its December 2026 meeting | Evaluation guidance was drafted, but had not yet completed the stated parent-group approval step as of October 10. |
| ITU candidate submission window | February 2027–February 2029 | Window for candidate terrestrial radio-interface technologies; evaluation against agreed requirements and criteria follows. |
| 3GPP Release 21 package approval and Stage-1 freeze | March 2027 | A Release 21 milestone, not an ITU decision. |
| 3GPP Release 21 Stage-2 freeze | June 2028 | A later specification-development milestone within Release 21. |
| 3GPP Release 21 Stage-3 functional freeze | December 2028 | The planned functional freeze for Stage 3 of the release. |
| 3GPP Release 21 ASN.1/OpenAPI freeze | March 2029 | A further Release 21 freeze milestone covering ASN.1 and OpenAPI. |
| ITU IMT-2030 technology standards approval horizon | 2030 prospect | The ITU described final approval by 2030 as a prospect, not a guarantee of complete standards or commercial deployments by that year. |
The 3GPP Release 21 dates were reported by the European Commission’s 5G Observatory on June 10, 2026, and updated October 1, 2026. They describe the 3GPP specification schedule. The ITU’s 2030 horizon concerns the IMT-2030 technology approval process. A freeze in one track is not equivalent to final approval in the other, and neither date promises when a particular operator will launch service.
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How to read the standards milestones without confusing them
- Framework approval is not a finished specification. The 2023 approval of Recommendation M.2160 set direction and objectives; further technical work was required.
- A working-party draft is not an approved report. The 2026 requirements and evaluation materials awaited Study Group 5 approval at the October 10 status point.
- A candidate submission is not a selection. The February 2027–February 2029 window is for proposals; evaluation is a subsequent step.
- A release freeze is not a consumer launch. Release 21 freezes mark progress in detailed specification work, not an operator’s deployment date.
- A capability category is not a guaranteed service level. The 15 framework capabilities and six scenarios guide standards planning; they do not guarantee particular real-world performance.
For readers following the process, the most useful question is therefore not simply “Has 6G been standardized?” but “Which organization, document, and stage does this date refer to?” That check separates an approved framework from a pending draft, a candidate evaluation from a completed selection, and a 3GPP specification freeze from an ITU decision.
What is settled and what remains in progress
The international framework has been established, and the institutional roles are clear: ITU-R coordinates the IMT-2030 framework and candidate radio-interface process, while 3GPP develops detailed system specifications in releases. The ITU framework also makes the intended scope legible through its scenarios and capability categories.
The next major gates were still ahead as of October 10, 2026: Study Group 5’s consideration of the draft requirements and evaluation guidelines, the opening of the candidate submission window in February 2027, and the subsequent evaluation and approval stages. The schedule points toward an ITU approval prospect by 2030, but it does not establish that all standards will be complete or that commercial networks will be widely deployed by then.
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