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Nextcloud administrators using the optional richdocumentscode app should patch immediately. Versions below 26.4.303 contain CVE-2026-110447, a critical unauthenticated command-injection flaw that can let an attacker run operating-system commands as the web-server user when the built-in CODE process is stopped. Disabling the app alone does not remove the exposure.
What happened
Collabora disclosed CVE-2026-110447, also tracked as GHSA-g3vx-3m76-fghh, on October 14, 2026. The vulnerability is in the Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server app for Nextcloud, whose package name is richdocumentscode. Collabora rates it critical with a CVSS v4 base score of 9.2.
The vendor describes the impact plainly: “A request can cause an operating system command to run as the web server user.” Because the vulnerable endpoint accepts the request without authentication, an attacker does not need a Nextcloud account before attempting exploitation.
The patched release is 26.4.303. Every richdocumentscode version below that release is affected. The attack condition is unusual but important: exploitation is possible while the built-in CODE server is not running, including during a container restart, an upgrade, or recovery from a crash. Requests reach proxy.php during that window.
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Is your Nextcloud server vulnerable?
| Deployment or version | Assessment | Required action |
|---|---|---|
richdocumentscode below 26.4.303 |
Vulnerable when the local CODE process is down | Upgrade the app to the fixed release or remove it |
richdocumentscode 26.4.303 or later |
Contains Collabora’s fix for this issue | Keep the app updated and monitor logs |
| Nextcloud 29 or older | These releases cannot install the fixed app version | Upgrade Nextcloud or remove the built-in CODE app |
| Standalone Collabora Online server | Not affected by this specific vulnerability | No change is required for this CVE, although normal patching still applies |
Check Nextcloud’s installed-app list for Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server and the package identifier richdocumentscode. Do not assume the server is safe merely because document editing usually works: the exploitable path matters when the local CODE service is unavailable.
Why disabling the app is not sufficient
Collabora explicitly warns: “It is not sufficient to disable the app to avoid the problem, it must be upgraded to >= 26.4.303 or removed.” Disabling an app in Nextcloud does not necessarily remove its files or the vulnerable proxy endpoint. During a stop, restart, failed upgrade, or crash, an exposed proxy.php can still receive the crafted request.
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Removal eliminates the affected component, while an upgrade preserves the built-in editing service. If your Nextcloud release cannot accept the fixed app, leaving the old files installed is not a safe compromise.
What administrators should do now
- Open the Nextcloud administration area and review the installed apps list. Locate Collabora Online – Built-in CODE Server (
richdocumentscode), including installations deployed inside a container. - Upgrade the app to Collabora’s fixed release or a later version. Verify the installed version after the update rather than relying only on the updater’s completion message.
- If the app cannot be upgraded, remove it. Administrators running Nextcloud 29 or older must upgrade Nextcloud first or proceed with removal, because those releases cannot install the fixed app.
- Review web-server, reverse-proxy, container, and Nextcloud logs for suspicious requests around service restarts, upgrades, and crashes.
- If there are signs of command execution or a web shell, treat the system as a security incident instead of as a routine patching job.
Upgrade versus removal
| Response | Remediation certainty | Availability impact | Supportability | Forensic confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upgrade the built-in CODE app | High when the installed version is verified as fixed | Document editing can continue | Requires a Nextcloud release that can install the fixed app | Does not by itself prove that earlier exploitation did not occur |
| Remove the built-in CODE app | High for eliminating this component | Built-in CODE editing stops until another supported editor is configured | Works when the current Nextcloud release cannot install the fixed app | Still requires investigation if the vulnerable app was previously exposed |
| Disable only | Insufficient | Editing may stop | Leaves the vulnerable files and endpoint in place | Provides no evidence that the server was not accessed |
How to look for a backdoor
Public reporting by The Hacker News described web-shell activity from several administrators. The first logged attack cited in that reporting was September 10, 2026. Reported indicators include:
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- Unexpected files matching
shx*.phpbeneathapps/richdocumentscode/. - Requests to
/apps/richdocumentscode/proxy.php?statusthat do not match expected health checks. - Encoded traversal or shell-expansion strings such as
%2e%2e,$(, and${IFS}. - Attempts involving
sudoor other commands that would extend access beyond the web-server account.
These are reported indicators, not proof that every matching request succeeded. Search access logs, application logs, file-creation times, process records, and container logs, then correlate them with restarts and deployments. Preserve copies of relevant logs before rotating or deleting them so that timestamps and request details remain available.
Inspect directories reachable by the web server, especially the affected app directory and other web-accessible application paths. Look for recently created or modified PHP files, unexpected scheduled tasks, altered configuration, new users, and outbound connections. The web-server account’s permissions determine what an attacker could read or change, so inventory secrets and credentials available to that account.
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Rotate passwords, API keys, database credentials, signing keys, and other secrets that the web-server account could access. If command execution cannot be ruled out confidently, rebuild the server or container from trusted sources rather than relying only on deleting a suspicious file. The public advisory establishes the patch and exposure conditions but does not provide a universal forensic procedure; organizations should follow their incident-response plan or obtain qualified assistance.
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No. Collabora’s advisory states that standalone Collabora Online servers are not affected by this specific flaw. The vulnerable component is the optional Nextcloud built-in CODE app and its richdocumentscode proxy. Standalone deployments still need their own normal security updates, but this CVE does not require replacing them with the Nextcloud app or taking them offline.
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What the incident reports do—and do not—show
Reports of web shells demonstrate that exploitation has been observed, but no validated total of compromised Nextcloud servers has been published. Administrators should therefore avoid treating the absence of a known public count as evidence of safety. Version verification, log review, and a proportionate incident assessment are the reliable ways to determine local exposure.
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