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The practical way to run LXC containers on an Ubuntu VPS is to install LXD, Canonical’s manager for LXC-based system containers, then use the lxc command-line client. Install the LXD Snap, give a trusted operator access to the lxd group, initialize the daemon, and launch an official Ubuntu 24.04 image.
This guide covers the complete first setup, how to obtain a container IP address, when to choose a virtual machine instead, and how to keep LXD’s management interface private. Commands target Ubuntu Server and the LXD 5.21 workflow documented by Canonical in 2026.
What LXC and LXD mean on an Ubuntu VPS
LXC is the underlying Linux container technology. It uses the host kernel to run isolated user spaces that contain their own filesystem, processes, users and network configuration. Unlike a full virtual machine, a container does not boot a separate kernel. That usually makes containers quicker to start and lighter on memory and disk, while also making them dependent on the host kernel and security boundary.
LXD is the management daemon and API that makes those containers practical to operate. The lxc client communicates with LXD to create instances, start them, inspect state, configure storage and networking, and manage images. LXD can also create virtual machines, so the same tooling can manage both instance types. When you run lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 first without extra options, you are creating an LXC system container, not a VM.
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On current Ubuntu systems, Canonical’s documented path is therefore “install LXD, operate it with lxc,” rather than installing a collection of low-level LXC commands and configuring each container by hand.
Check the VPS before installing
Use a supported Ubuntu Server installation and allow enough disk for the downloaded base image, container filesystems and application data. Canonical’s first-steps tutorial lists at least 20 GiB of free disk space for its exercise. That is a tutorial prerequisite, not a universal sizing rule: databases, logs, snapshots and multiple instances may require considerably more.
- Confirm that you can run commands with
sudo. - Reserve disk for the operating system, LXD storage pool, images and containers.
- Plan which services will be reachable from the Internet and which should remain private.
- Check virtualization support only if you intend to create virtual machines. A host without that capability can still run containers.
Ubuntu cloud images sometimes include LXD already. On a normal Ubuntu VPS, check whether the lxd command is present before installing another copy. Avoid mixing installations until you understand which daemon and client your shell is using.
Install LXD from the recommended Snap
Canonical recommends the LXD Snap when it is available. The installation guide identifies the stable LTS track as the default recommendation for most users. Snap packages update automatically by default; administrators who need tighter change control can hold or schedule updates instead of accepting every update immediately.
- Refresh the package metadata used by your VPS provider if your image requires it.
- Install LXD with the official Snap command:
sudo snap install lxd
The documented installation guide was updated on June 24, 2026 and describes the LXD 5.21 series. Exact Snap revisions and image aliases can change, so verify the installed version and consult the current Canonical documentation when planning a production rollout.
Give an operator access without giving access casually
LXD’s local client normally reaches the daemon through a Unix socket. Add only people who are trusted to control the VPS as root:
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sudo usermod -aG lxd "$USER"
newgrp lxd
The second command starts a shell with the new group membership. Opening a new login session also works. Check the effective groups before continuing if the client reports a permissions error.
This is not an ordinary application group. Canonical states: “Local access to LXD through the Unix socket always grants full access to LXD.” A user with that access can attach host files or devices and change security settings for every instance. Treat membership in lxd as a root-trust decision, and remove members who no longer administer the VPS.
Initialize the LXD daemon
LXD needs a storage pool and basic server configuration before it can launch instances. For a straightforward first setup, use the minimal initializer:
lxd init --minimal
This is appropriate when you want to get a first container running with sensible defaults. The interactive form is available when you need to choose a storage backend, design a particular network, or set other server-level options:
lxd init
Initialization is a daemon operation, not a per-container operation. Complete it once for the LXD installation, then launch additional instances against the configured server. If you are building a production host, decide where container data belongs and how it will be backed up before filling the storage pool.
Launch your first Ubuntu container
The ubuntu: image remote provides official Ubuntu images. This command downloads the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS image, creates an instance named first, and starts it:
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lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 first
The name at the end is your local instance name; choose one that describes its role, such as web or staging. The first launch may take longer while the image is downloaded. Subsequent instances can reuse a locally available image.
To create an instance without starting it, use lxc init instead:
lxc init ubuntu:24.04 second
This distinction is useful when you want to apply configuration before the first boot. lxc launch is equivalent to creating and starting; lxc init creates a stopped instance.
Find the state and IP address
List instances immediately after launching:
lxc list
The table reports the instance name, running state, IP addresses, instance type and snapshots. The address appears after the container has booted and its network interface has acquired one. If the address column is empty at first, wait briefly and run lxc list again.
For deeper information about one instance, run:
lxc info first
The detailed output includes information such as architecture, process ID and usage data. Use it to distinguish a stopped container from one that is running but has not yet obtained an address.
An address shown by LXD is not automatically a public Internet address. It is commonly an address on the VPS’s private bridge. To publish an application, you must deliberately expose only the required service ports, either through a proxy or an LXD networking rule, and also allow those ports through the host and provider firewalls. Keep the management API separate from application traffic.
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Choose a container or a virtual machine
The same Ubuntu image alias can be used for either type. The default is a container:
lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 ubuntu-container
Add --vm to request a virtual machine:
lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 ubuntu-vm --vm
| Characteristic | Container | Virtual machine |
|---|---|---|
| Kernel | Shares the Ubuntu VPS kernel | Boots a separate guest kernel |
| Typical overhead | Lower; no guest kernel to run | Higher because the guest OS is virtualized |
| Isolation model | Linux container isolation | Hardware-assisted virtual-machine boundary |
| Host requirement | Runs without hardware virtualization support | Requires host virtualization capability |
| LXD command | lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 name |
lxc launch ubuntu:24.04 name --vm |
If the VPS does not provide virtualization extensions, continue with containers and skip VM steps. Choose a VM when you need a separate kernel or stronger workload separation; choose a container when the host-kernel model and lower overhead meet your needs.
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Container application networking
Each container can have an address on an LXD-managed network. Use lxc list to discover that address, then configure your application to listen on the intended interface. Publish only the service ports the application needs. A reverse proxy or explicit port-forwarding design can keep the container address private while presenting a controlled public endpoint.
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Apply rules at more than one layer where your VPS provider supports it: the container or LXD network, the Ubuntu host firewall, and the provider’s edge firewall. Document which address receives public traffic and where TLS or another protocol terminates. Application exposure is separate from access to LXD itself.
The LXD management API
LXD is local Unix-socket-only by default. You do not need to open an Internet-facing management port merely to run local containers. If a remote client or the web UI is required, configure the HTTPS listener deliberately with the core.https_address setting.
Canonical’s tutorial demonstrates binding the UI to [::1]:8443 for local browser access. That loopback binding keeps the listener on the VPS itself. For production remote administration, bind HTTPS to one intended address and restrict the port with firewall rules that permit only authorized hosts or subnets. Do not bind broadly as a shortcut for making the client connect.
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Because LXD API access is effectively administrative access, a firewall rule is necessary but not sufficient. Use trusted administrator accounts, protect certificates and keys, monitor who can reach the port, and remove the listener when remote administration is no longer needed.
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Use unprivileged containers by default
Default unprivileged containers are the safer starting point. They map container root to an unprivileged identity on the host, reducing the impact of a compromise. Privileged containers remove important parts of that protection; Canonical’s security guidance warns that they are not root-safe. Use one only for a documented compatibility requirement, and treat the workload as having a substantially higher risk.
- Keep the Ubuntu host and LXD security updates current.
- Update the container image’s packages after the instance starts.
- Limit
lxdgroup membership to operators trusted with root-level control. - Prefer unprivileged containers and avoid adding host devices or files unless required.
- Keep the HTTPS management listener private or tightly firewalled.
- Take snapshots or backups before risky changes, and test restoration separately.
Minimal setup versus a custom production design
lxd init --minimal is a useful learning and quick-start path, but it intentionally avoids many design choices. Use interactive lxd init when you need a specific storage backend, a separate disk, a defined network range, or a policy that must be reproduced on multiple hosts.
Write down the choices you make: storage location, bridge or uplink design, address ranges, firewall ownership, image source and backup destination. A container can be recreated from an image, but application data, secrets and network policy still need an explicit recovery plan.
Common first-run problems
“Permission denied” from the client
Confirm that your account is in the lxd group and that you started a new shell with newgrp lxd or logged in again. If access still fails, check that the Snap installation completed and that you are invoking the expected lxc client.
The container has no address
Run lxc list again after boot completes, then inspect lxc info first. An empty address does not mean the daemon is exposed or that the container is safe to publish; it means you need to resolve the instance’s network configuration before routing application traffic.
A VM will not start
Verify that the VPS exposes hardware virtualization. Containers do not require that capability, so use the non---vm launch form when the provider does not offer nested or hardware-assisted virtualization.
Remote administration cannot connect
Check that core.https_address is bound to the intended address, that the firewall allows the management port only from an authorized host or subnet, and that the client is using the correct HTTPS endpoint and trust material. Do not solve a connectivity problem by opening the listener to every source address.
Quick Recap
A safe first-session checklist
- Verify Ubuntu Server, sudo access and available disk; use Canonical’s 20 GiB tutorial minimum as a starting point, not a capacity guarantee.
- Install LXD with
sudo snap install lxd. - Add only trusted operators to the
lxdgroup and start a new shell. - Run
lxd init --minimal, or use interactive initialization for custom storage and networking. - Launch
ubuntu:24.04withlxc launch. - Use
lxc listfor state and addresses, andlxc infofor detailed diagnostics. - Keep the instance unprivileged, update its packages, and expose only documented application ports.
- Leave LXD local-only unless remote administration is essential; if it is essential, bind HTTPS narrowly and firewall it.
- Back up important data and test how you will restore it before making production changes.
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