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Enter a temperature, choose its starting unit, and convert it to Fahrenheit (°F), Celsius (°C), or kelvin (K). The key is to use the correct formula for an absolute temperature: Celsius and Fahrenheit conversions need both a scale factor and an offset, while Celsius and kelvin differ by 273.15.
Convert a temperature
Use the input field for the number you already know, select its unit, then select the unit you want. Label both the entered value and the result so the units are never ambiguous. A converter interface from the National Weather Service follows this same basic pattern, with a prompt and separate labels for Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin, and Rankine: National Weather Service temperature converter.
For an everyday converter, Fahrenheit, Celsius, and kelvin cover the familiar practical scales and the scientific absolute scale. NIST describes Fahrenheit and Celsius as widely used practical scales and explains kelvin’s scientific role: NIST temperature units.
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These formulas convert absolute temperature readings. Use the equation matching the input and output units:
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| Convert from | Formula |
|---|---|
| Celsius to Fahrenheit | °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32 |
| Fahrenheit to Celsius | °C = (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 |
| Celsius to kelvin | K = °C + 273.15 |
| Kelvin to Celsius | °C = K − 273.15 |
| Fahrenheit to kelvin | K = (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 + 273.15 |
| Kelvin to Fahrenheit | °F = (K − 273.15) × 1.8 + 32 |
NIST lists these exact conversion equations in its temperature conversion table. For example, to convert 20 °C to Fahrenheit, multiply 20 by 1.8 and add 32: the result is 68 °F.
Keep temperature readings separate from temperature changes
An absolute reading and a change in temperature are not converted the same way. For intervals, a change of 1 °C equals a change of 1 K, and corresponds to a change of 1.8 °F. For absolute readings, Celsius and kelvin use the same-sized increments but have different zero points: add or subtract 273.15. NIST distinguishes these temperature units and relationships in its temperature guidance and conversion table.
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So a 10 °C rise is a 10 K rise or an 18 °F rise; it is not a temperature reading to which you should add 273.15.
Check a result against familiar reference points
NIST publishes these approximate touchstones. They are useful for spotting a mistaken formula or unit selection, not for precision measurement:
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| Reference | Approximate equivalents |
|---|---|
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| Room temperature | 20 °C / 293 K / 68 °F |
| Body temperature | 37 °C / 310 K / 99 °F |
These rounded values come from NIST’s temperature conversion table. The table also gives approximate oven equivalences: 350–375 °F corresponds to 180–190 °C for “Moderate.” Those are approximate, legacy culinary descriptions rather than exact conversions for every oven or recipe.
Label units and choose a sensible display precision
Write the number with a space before its unit symbol, as in 30.2 °C. Use the degree sign with Celsius and Fahrenheit, but not with kelvin: write 293 K, not 293 °K. NIST’s temperature-unit guidance follows this notation.
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How many decimal places to show depends on the use. A cooking or weather display may be easier to scan when rounded; scientific or technical work may need more precision. The cited conversion references establish the equations and rounded touchstones, but do not prescribe an interface precision or rounding policy. If the converter rounds its display, retain the underlying value at sufficient precision for subsequent conversions.
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Rankine is an optional extension for users who need another absolute-temperature scale. The National Weather Service converter includes it alongside Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin, but that example alone does not establish that everyday users need it. For a simple everyday tool, prioritize the three units most readers are likely to recognize; add Rankine only when the intended audience has a clear use for it.
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