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WP-CLI is WordPress’s official command-line interface. It lets you administer a specific WordPress installation from a terminal, repeat the same operation consistently, and place routine work in shell scripts, cron jobs, or deployment pipelines. The essential command families are wp core, wp plugin, wp theme, wp user, wp option, wp db, wp search-replace, and the maintenance commands for cron, cache, transients, maintenance mode, and rewrite rules.
Use the commands below with an explicit target, a current database backup, and the narrowest scope that meets the task. A terminal command can change the live site just as quickly as the WordPress dashboard can, but it is also easier to audit and automate.
Before running any WP-CLI command
WP-CLI operates on the installation it can find from your current directory or from the global parameters you provide. The most dangerous mistake is running a valid command against the wrong site. Establish the target and your privileges before changing anything.
Inspect the runtime and read command help
- Run
wp --infoto inspect the WP-CLI version, PHP binary, operating system, and related runtime details. - Check the command syntax with
wp help <command>, such aswp help plugin update. Command-specific help includes accepted arguments, global parameters, and examples. - Confirm the WordPress version with
wp --path=/var/www/html core versionwhen the installation is not the current directory.
Global parameters can be combined with most commands. The important ones are:
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--path=/var/www/htmlselects a local installation explicitly.--url=https://example.comselects a site, which is especially important in multisite.--ssh=user@example.com/var/www/htmlexecutes against a remote installation through SSH when the connection is configured.--user=<login-or-id>sets the WordPress user context for commands that need one.--skip-pluginsand--skip-themesbypass loading extensions while troubleshooting a fatal plugin or theme.--require=<file>,--exec=<php>,--debug,--prompt, and--aliassupport advanced scripting and fleet management.
Use a safe operating sequence
- Identify the installation with
--path, the site with--urlwhen needed, and the account with--userif permissions matter. - Read the relevant help page and run a read-only listing command first.
- Export the database before an update, import, deletion, or replacement:
wp db export backup-$(date +%F).sql. - Use
--dry-runwhere supported, particularly for search-and-replace operations. - Start with a specific plugin slug, table set, site URL, or other narrow scope. Expand to
--allor--networkonly after reviewing the output. - Test updates on staging when available, then check logs and the public site.
- Keep passwords and database secrets out of command history, source control, and shared scripts. Use an interactive prompt, protected environment variables, or a secret manager.
Core WordPress updates and verification
The wp core family handles the WordPress files and database migrations that normally appear in the dashboard.
Check the installed version and available releases
wp core version
wp core check-updateThe first command prints the installed version. The second reports whether an update is available without applying it.
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wp core update
wp core update-dbwp core update downloads and installs the selected WordPress release. After a core change, wp core update-db runs any pending database upgrade routines. Back up first and use staging when possible, because a core update can expose incompatibilities in plugins, themes, PHP versions, or custom code.
Verify core files
wp core verify-checksumsThis compares core files with the official checksums for the installed release when checksum data is supported. A mismatch can indicate an altered, damaged, or incomplete file; it does not prove that a site is secure, because custom files and database content are outside the check.
Install, activate, update, and troubleshoot plugins
List installed plugins
wp plugin listThe listing shows installed plugins and their status, giving you a safe inventory before an update or troubleshooting session.
Install and activate a plugin
wp plugin install <slug> --activateReplace <slug> with the repository slug. Installation and activation are separate actions in the command, so omit --activate when you want the files present but inactive.
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Update plugins deliberately
wp plugin update --allThis updates every installed plugin. Review wp plugin list first, confirm compatibility, make a database backup, and have a rollback plan. For lower risk, update a named plugin instead of using --all.
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Deactivate a plugin during an incident
wp plugin deactivate <slug>Use this when a plugin causes a fatal error, white screen, login failure, or conflict. If WP-CLI itself cannot load the extension, add --skip-plugins and then inspect or deactivate the suspected plugin.
Manage themes
Inspect themes and active status
wp theme listUse the result to identify the active theme and installed alternatives before making a change.
Install, activate, and update
wp theme install <slug> --activate
wp theme update --allThe first command installs a repository theme and activates it. The second updates all installed themes. Confirm that the active theme and its child theme remain compatible, and test templates, widgets, menus, and customizations after the update.
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List and create users
wp user list
wp user create alice alice@example.com --role=editorwp user list provides an account inventory. The create command makes a user with the selected role. Do not place a real password directly in a command that will be stored in shell history; use the command’s password prompt or a controlled secret workflow instead.
Change a role only with authorization
wp user update <id> --role=administratorReplace <id> with the intended account ID. Administrator access is a high-impact change, so verify the identity and approval before running it. On multisite, network-level privileges are different from a single-site administrator role.
Inspect roles and grant network super-admin status
wp role list
wp super-admin add <login>wp role list shows roles available on the site. wp super-admin add grants network super-admin status to a login in multisite; use it only for an authorized network administrator.
Read and change options
wp option get siteurl
wp option update blogname "New title"Use wp option get to inspect a setting and wp option update to change it. Option values can affect URLs, branding, integrations, and serialized configuration, so capture the old value before changing production.
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Posts, menus, taxonomies, and media
Query content in a structured format
wp post list --post_type=post --fields=ID,post_title,post_statusLimiting the post type and fields makes the output suitable for review or a script. Add the filters appropriate to your task rather than exporting every content type.
Change a post status
wp post update <id> --post_status=publishThis changes the selected post to published status. Confirm the ID and editorial approval first; the command can make content publicly visible immediately.
Inspect menus and taxonomies
wp menu list
wp taxonomy listThese commands help map navigation and classification structures during audits, migrations, and content cleanup.
Regenerate image sizes
wp media regenerateRun this after changing registered image sizes so existing uploads receive the new derivatives. Regeneration can be time-consuming on a large media library; schedule it during a maintenance window or process it in a controlled batch where your environment supports that workflow.
Database backups, imports, and direct SQL
Export before destructive work
wp db export backup.sqlThis creates a SQL dump of the WordPress database. Use a dated filename such as backup-$(date +%F).sql, store it outside the web root, and verify that the file exists and is readable before continuing.
Restore or transfer a dump
wp db import backup.sqlImporting replaces or adds data according to the SQL statements in the dump. Confirm the destination credentials and site before running it, and understand that an import can overwrite current content.
Use direct SQL sparingly
wp db query 'SELECT ...'Direct SQL is appropriate when no WordPress command covers the operation, but it bypasses command-level safeguards. Restrict queries, test them on a copy, and take a backup first. A read-only SELECT is safer than an UPDATE or DELETE; never run destructive SQL from an unreviewed script.
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Safely replace a domain or other value
wp search-replace is designed for migrations and understands PHP serialized data, so it can update URLs embedded in serialized options and metadata without corrupting their serialization. It does not change primary-key values and skips tables without a primary key.
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wp search-replace 'https://staging.example.com' 'https://example.com' --all-tables --dry-runReview the reported tables and replacement counts. Verify that the old and new values are exact, including protocol, hostname, path, and trailing-slash conventions.
Apply the replacement
wp search-replace 'old' 'new' --all-tablesRun the mutating command only after the dry-run output and backup have been checked. Limit the table set instead of using --all-tables when the migration should not touch every table.
Understand multisite scope
In multisite, the command targets the current site by default. Add --network for a network-wide operation, and use --url or an explicit site context to avoid replacing values on the wrong site. Network-wide replacements deserve a separate backup and a staged test because one mistake can affect every site.
Operational maintenance commands
Inspect and run scheduled events
wp cron event list
wp cron event run --due-nowThe list command shows scheduled events and timing. The second runs events that are due immediately, which is useful when diagnosing delayed publishing, queued jobs, or a host’s disabled web cron. Running events manually can trigger external requests or heavy processing, so inspect the list first.
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Clear transients and object cache
wp transient delete --all
wp cache flushTransients are temporary stored values; deleting all of them can resolve stale settings or expired lookup problems, but it may cause expensive values to be rebuilt. wp cache flush clears the object cache when the configured cache backend supports it. Expect a temporary increase in database or application work after either operation.
Control maintenance mode
wp maintenance-mode activate
wp maintenance-mode deactivateActivate maintenance mode for planned work that should not serve normal requests, then deactivate it as soon as validation is complete. If a failed deployment leaves the site stuck in maintenance mode, the deactivate command restores normal serving.
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Rebuild rewrite rules
wp rewrite flushRun this after changing permalink structures, rewrite rules, or routing-related settings. It rebuilds WordPress rewrite rules; it does not repair a web server configuration that is not passing requests to WordPress.
List sites in a network
wp site listUse this before a multisite task to enumerate site IDs, domains, and paths. Combine it with an explicit --url when running a command for one site.
Choosing the right command and scope
| Task | Primary command | Typical scope | Risk and reversibility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inspect versions or inventory | wp core version, wp plugin list, wp theme list |
One installation or selected site | Read-only |
| Update software | wp core update, wp plugin update, wp theme update |
Named component or all installed components | Mutating; test and back up first |
| Change accounts or settings | wp user, wp role, wp option |
Single user or site; network privileges for super-admin | Can affect access or site behavior |
| Migrate URLs or values | wp search-replace |
Selected tables, current site, or network | Database-wide; preview and back up |
| Restore data | wp db import |
Destination database | Potentially overwrites current data |
| Repair scheduled or cached state | wp cron, wp transient, wp cache |
Current installation or site | Operational side effects; inspect first |
Remote and automated administration
For a server with SSH access, prepend the remote target to a normal command:
wp --ssh=user@example.com/var/www/html plugin listAliases and shell scripts let you apply the same checked procedure to staging and production, but they also increase the blast radius of a mistake. Use separate aliases, require an explicit environment argument, print the resolved --path and --url before mutating commands, and keep backups and logs for each run. Managed WordPress hosting with WP-CLI, staging, SSH access, and backups can simplify this operational setup, but confirm the provider’s exact access and backup terms before relying on it.
Troubleshooting common failures
“WordPress not found” or the wrong site appears
Run the command with an explicit --path. In multisite, add --url; for a remote host, verify the SSH path and account. Check wp --info to ensure the expected PHP binary and WP-CLI runtime are being used.
A plugin or theme causes a fatal error
Retry the inventory or deactivation command with --skip-plugins or --skip-themes. Deactivate the suspected extension, inspect logs, and re-enable it only after compatibility is confirmed.
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The site still shows old values after a change
Check the option or database value, then clear relevant transients or the object cache. If URLs or permalinks changed, run wp rewrite flush. A reverse proxy, CDN, or browser cache may require separate invalidation outside WP-CLI.
A search-and-replace changed too much
Stop further writes, preserve the output and backup, and restore the database only after confirming the backup is complete and matches the intended site. On multisite, review whether --network was used and whether the command ran under the intended --url.
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