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For regular transport in India, an e-way bill is valid for one day for every 200 kilometres or part of 200 km. For Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC), it is valid for one day for every 20 km or part thereof. The validity clock starts when the first Part-B transport detail is entered, not when Part-A is created. Changing the vehicle later does not restart or recalculate the clock. The vehicle number must match the vehicle actually carrying the goods, and an extension is available only through the portal’s prescribed time window and conditions.
The figures and procedures below reflect the GSTN e-Way Bill System FAQ and API documentation available on 12 October 2026. Check the live bill and the exemptions applicable to your particular movement before dispatch.
Validity periods at a glance
The current GSTN FAQ uses two distance bands. “Part thereof” means that any fraction beyond a complete band counts as another day.
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|---|---|---|
| Regular vehicle or transport mode | One day per 200 km or part thereof | Round the entered distance up to the next 200-km band |
| Over Dimensional Cargo (ODC) | One day per 20 km or part thereof | Round the entered distance up to the next 20-km band |
These are portal and statutory validity increments, not estimates of how long a particular carrier should need. The official FAQ states the regular rule as “for every 200 KMs or part of its movement, one day validity has been provided” and the ODC rule as one day for every 20 km or part thereof. See the GSTN e-Way Bill System FAQ.
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How to calculate the number of days
Regular transport
Use the approximate distance entered when the e-way bill is generated and apply the ceiling formula: validity days = ceiling(distance ÷ 200). A movement of exactly 200 km receives one day; 201 km receives two days; 400 km receives two days; and 401 km receives three days.
The FAQ’s published example is 310 km. Because 310 km is more than one 200-km band, the result is one day plus one additional day, or two days of validity. The distance rule and example appear in the current FAQ.
Over Dimensional Cargo
For ODC, apply validity days = ceiling(distance ÷ 20). Thus, 20 km is one day, 21 km is two days, and 61 km is four days. These examples simply apply the portal’s stated 20-km bands; the bill’s displayed expiry remains the controlling record.
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The portal estimates motorable distance from the origin and destination PIN codes. The generator may enter the actual distance, but the FAQ says it is subject to a ceiling of 10 percent above the displayed estimate. Keep the distance supportable: an inflated entry can affect validity and may create a compliance question, while an understated entry can leave the vehicle without enough time.
For an import or export movement, calculate only the relevant movement within India, as described by the FAQ. Port-to-port or overseas distance is not added to the Indian e-way bill’s domestic validity calculation.
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When the validity clock starts
Validity begins with the first Part-B transport entry. For a road movement, that is the first vehicle detail entered. For rail, air or ship movement, it is the first applicable transport-document entry. Creating Part-A alone does not start the period.
The FAQ describes expiry at midnight of the last validity day. Because the portal displays the precise expiry for each bill, use that displayed date and time when planning dispatch, trans-shipment or an extension request rather than relying on a manual calculation.
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If a vehicle is replaced and a new Part-B entry is made, the system does not recalculate validity from the replacement time. The FAQ expressly says validity is not recalculated for subsequent Part-B entries. A change of vehicle therefore preserves the original deadline.
Keeping the vehicle number accurate
The e-way bill should identify the vehicle actually carrying the goods at that stage of the journey. The generator or the transporter assigned to the bill can update Part-B when the conveyance changes, including after a breakdown or trans-shipment.
Who can update Part-B
- If no transporter is assigned, the generator can update the vehicle details.
- If a transporter is assigned, the assigned transporter can make the update.
- The bill must be active and unexpired when the update is submitted.
The API documentation sets out these permissions in its Vehicle Number Update guidance. A road movement requires a vehicle number in a format accepted as valid by the portal. Rail, air and ship movements require the relevant transport-document number instead of a road vehicle number.
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Breakdown, trans-shipment and repeated changes
When a truck breaks down, record the replacement vehicle in Part-B as soon as the movement changes and while the bill remains valid. The same principle applies when goods are transferred to another vehicle at a trans-shipment point. The FAQ permits Part-B vehicle details to be updated repeatedly for movement to the destination, provided each update is made within validity.
Mixed modes
For a road-to-rail, rail-to-road or other mixed-mode journey, update the latest mode and conveyance details so the portal record corresponds to the transport document or vehicle currently carrying the goods. Do not leave an obsolete road number in the bill after the consignment has moved to another conveyance.
Can an expired e-way bill be extended?
An extension is intended for exceptional circumstances, not as an automatic extra allowance. The request must be made in the portal’s permitted window: from eight hours before expiry through eight hours after expiry, according to the current API validation rules.
Who submits the request
- The current transporter ordinarily submits the extension.
- If no transporter is assigned, the generator may submit it.
The request requires a reason for the delay, the consignment’s present location, the remaining distance and the applicable Part-B transport details. The official Extend Validity API documentation also states that the remaining distance cannot exceed the original distance entered for the bill.
What an extension does not do
An extension does not permit Part-A data to be rewritten through the extension function, and it does not turn an inaccurate vehicle entry into a compliant one. Enter the location and remaining distance as they actually stand when the request is filed. If the request falls outside the eight-hour window, is made by an unauthorised user or exceeds the original distance, the portal validation can reject it.
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Correcting wrong information
Part-A information cannot simply be edited after generation. The FAQ describes cancellation and fresh generation as the correction route when core invoice or consignment information is wrong.
Cancellation is subject to a 24-hour limit and other portal conditions, including whether an officer has already verified the bill. If the bill has been used, verified or is otherwise outside the cancellation conditions, obtain advice on the applicable GST procedure rather than trying to overwrite the record.
Do consolidated e-way bills have their own validity?
No. A consolidated e-way bill is a trip sheet listing multiple consignments; it has no independent validity period. Each individual e-way bill included in it retains its own distance, start time and expiry. The transporter must therefore check every underlying bill, even when the trip sheet itself appears current. This rule is described in the GSTN FAQ.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When an e-way bill is required
The FAQ describes a ₹50,000 consignment-value threshold in prescribed cases, but it also lists exemptions and special situations. The threshold should not be treated as a universal requirement for every movement, commodity or mode. Check the goods, transaction type, state-specific treatment where applicable and the relevant exemption before generating a bill.
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Conversely, a movement that appears below ₹50,000 can still be subject to a separate rule, while an exempt movement may not need an e-way bill even when its value is higher. Use the current exemption provisions and the live portal prompts rather than relying on an old checklist.
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A practical workflow before dispatch
- Confirm applicability. Check whether the goods and movement fall within the prescribed e-way bill requirement or an exemption.
- Enter the route accurately. Use the correct origin and destination PIN codes and review the portal’s estimated motorable distance.
- Validate the distance. If entering actual distance, keep it within the portal’s stated 10-percent ceiling over the estimate and retain the basis for the figure.
- Generate Part-A. Verify invoice, consignor, consignee and goods information before finalising the bill.
- Enter the first Part-B detail. The first road vehicle or applicable rail, air or ship document starts the validity clock.
- Calculate the deadline. Apply the 200-km rule for regular transport or the 20-km rule for ODC, then confirm the expiry displayed by the portal.
- Reconcile the physical movement. Before the vehicle leaves, compare the number on the bill with the actual vehicle and transport document.
- Update changes promptly. If a breakdown, trans-shipment or mode change occurs, update Part-B while the bill is active and unexpired.
- Monitor delays. If an exceptional delay is likely, prepare the reason, current location and remaining distance so an authorised user can request an extension within the eight-hour window.
- Audit every underlying bill. For a consolidated trip sheet, check each individual e-way bill’s expiry rather than relying on the consolidated document.
Common mistakes and how to avoid them
Using the old 100-km rule
Older pages and search results may still quote one day per 100 km. GSTN’s announcement history records that Notification No. 94/2020 changed the regular validity increment from 100 km to 200 km. The change is recorded in the version 1.03 announcement history dated 30 December 2020; see the GSTN announcements page. Use the current 200-km rule, not an unqualified legacy explanation.
Assuming a vehicle change restarts validity
It does not. A replacement vehicle receives a new Part-B entry, but the original start and expiry remain in force. Plan the route and any extension around the first Part-B entry.
Leaving the old number after a breakdown
An invoice and e-way bill can be correct while the physical vehicle is different. Update the vehicle number before continuing movement, and make sure the user submitting the change has the generator or assigned-transporter permission.
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Waiting until long after expiry
The API window is limited to eight hours before through eight hours after expiry. A request outside that period may not pass validation, so monitor the displayed expiry rather than waiting for the driver to report a delay after the window has closed.
Editing Part-A instead of cancelling and regenerating
Part-A is not an editable field after generation. Where the cancellation conditions are met, cancel within 24 hours and generate a corrected bill; otherwise follow the applicable GST process for a bill that has already been verified or used.
What to verify on the live bill
- Distance and movement category: regular or ODC.
- First Part-B entry and the portal-displayed expiry.
- Current vehicle number or transport-document number.
- Active status before attempting a Part-B update.
- Current location and remaining distance if an extension is needed.
- Each individual bill’s status when using a consolidated e-way bill.
The GSTN FAQ, API pages and announcements can be updated. For a consignment-specific decision, the live e-way bill and the rules applicable to the goods and route control over a general explanation.
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