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A production Drupal 11 VPS should run PHP 8.3 or newer, a supported transactional database, and at least 1 GB of RAM. Use MySQL 8.0+, MariaDB 10.6+, or PostgreSQL 16+ with pg_trgm; SQLite 3.45+ is suitable only for development. Set PHP memory_limit to 256M as a practical production baseline, reserve about 1 GB for Composer, and choose 2 GB of system RAM if Composer, several contributed modules, or an object-cache service will run on the same machine.
The minimum platform Drupal 11 accepts
Drupal 11 platform requirements come from Drupal’s own release and documentation pages. They are hard compatibility floors, not recommendations for every workload. A later Drupal 11 minor release can raise the PHP floor when an upstream PHP branch reaches end of support, so pinning a VPS to an old PHP package can create an upgrade problem even when the initial installation succeeds.
PHP version
PHP 8.3 is the minimum for Drupal 11. Older PHP versions are unsupported. Confirm the version used by the web server, not only the command-line binary: a VPS can have PHP 8.3 for the shell while PHP-FPM or Apache still serves an older runtime.
Check both the command-line version and the loaded configuration with php -v and php --ini. Then verify the PHP-FPM or Apache configuration used by the virtual host. If those versions differ, Drupal follows the web-server runtime during installation and requests.
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Database engines and floors
| Database | Drupal 11 floor | Production status | Important condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| MySQL | 8.0 or newer | Supported | Use the InnoDB storage engine. |
| MariaDB | 10.6 or newer | Supported | Use the InnoDB storage engine. |
| PostgreSQL | 16 or newer | Supported | The pg_trgm extension must be available. |
| SQLite | 3.45 or newer | Development only | Do not use it for a production site with several editors saving content. |
Drupal relies on transactions and row-level locking, which is why InnoDB is required for MySQL and MariaDB. A server that defaults to another storage engine may install successfully and then fail under real content or administrative workloads; check the engine on every Drupal table.
PostgreSQL hosting must permit creation or activation of pg_trgm. Some managed services block CREATE EXTENSION. That restriction makes the service unsuitable unless the provider enables the extension for your database. Ask the provider about extension support before provisioning the VPS or managed database.
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SQLite is convenient for a local demonstration or automated development environment because it removes database-server administration. It is not a production choice once multiple editors, background jobs, or concurrent writes are involved.
Required PHP extensions
Drupal’s listed extensions include PDO, XML, GD, OpenSSL, JSON, cURL, mbstring, and zlib. The exact set can vary with the installation method and the contributed modules you enable, so treat this as the core baseline rather than a complete list for every site.
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Run php -m to inspect the command-line extensions, then verify the same modules in the PHP SAPI serving the website. A module present in the shell but absent from PHP-FPM can produce an installer error or a blank page. Image-heavy sites commonly need GD, while update and integration features depend on cURL, OpenSSL, JSON, and mbstring.
How much RAM and PHP memory to allocate
Drupal publishes a 64M PHP memory_limit minimum. That number leaves room for contributed modules but is not a sensible target for a typical production VPS. Drupal’s older overview guidance describes 128M or 256M as common production values, and its PHP packages guidance suggests 512M while diagnosing white-screen memory failures.
| Resource | What the evidence establishes | Practical VPS decision |
|---|---|---|
| System RAM | Drupal does not publish a universal VPS size; a third-party hosting guide uses 1 GB as guidance for Drupal 11. | Start at 1 GB for a small site; choose 2 GB when Composer, several contributed modules, or a cache layer share the VPS. |
PHP memory_limit |
64M is the core minimum; 128M or 256M is described as typical production guidance. | Use 256M as a practical production baseline, then size upward for unusually heavy modules or imports. |
| Composer memory | The older Drupal overview specifies about 1 GB of available memory for Composer. | Do not assume a 1 GB VPS has enough headroom for Composer and the web stack at the same time; 2 GB is safer or run Composer on another build machine. |
The 1 GB and 256M figures are operational guidance, not official Drupal minimums. RAM is consumed by the operating system, web workers, the database, PHP extensions, Composer, and cache services in addition to Drupal itself. A small brochure site with few logged-in users may fit in 1 GB, while an editorial site with several simultaneous administrators needs more headroom.
Set and verify the PHP limit
- Identify the active PHP configuration with
php --iniand inspect the corresponding FPM or Apache configuration. - Set
memory_limit = 256Mfor the production web SAPI. Editing only the command-linephp.inidoes not change the limit used by web requests. - Restart the PHP-FPM or Apache service using your operating system’s service manager.
- Verify the value through the web SAPI and with
php -i | grep memory_limitfor the command-line SAPI. The two values should be intentionally aligned or documented as different.
If Drupal displays a white screen or a PHP memory-exhaustion error during an update, the PHP packages guidance recommends trying 512M while troubleshooting. Increasing the limit only masks an underlying module, import, or code problem if the workload genuinely exceeds available RAM, so inspect the PHP error log and reduce the operation’s scope before making the higher value permanent.
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Choosing MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, or SQLite
MySQL and MariaDB
Choose MySQL 8.0+ or MariaDB 10.6+ when your hosting provider offers mature backups, monitoring, and straightforward Drupal tooling. Confirm that the server and every Drupal table use InnoDB. The version number alone is not enough: a compatible server configured with a nontransactional table engine violates Drupal’s assumptions about locking and consistency.
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL 16+ is a first-class Drupal 11 option when the provider supports pg_trgm. Before creating the site database, test whether the database role can install or use that extension. A managed service that forbids CREATE EXTENSION may look compatible in its version banner but still fail Drupal’s requirements.
SQLite
SQLite 3.45+ is useful for local development, disposable test environments, and demonstrations. Keep production on MySQL, MariaDB, or PostgreSQL when editors, cron jobs, imports, or other concurrent writes are expected. Migrating later from SQLite adds avoidable work, so use it only when the environment is explicitly nonproduction.
Operational components your VPS should provide
Drupal’s core platform requirements do not prescribe a particular VPS plan, cache product, or process manager. Practical hosting guidance nevertheless calls for several capabilities beyond the minimum version checks.
- Shell access: Composer and common Drupal maintenance workflows need a command line. Drush is useful for scripted administration when you choose to install it.
- A real system cron: Configure the operating system scheduler to run Drupal’s scheduled tasks. Browser-triggered cron alone is unreliable on sites with little anonymous traffic.
- OPcache: Enable PHP’s opcode cache to avoid recompiling scripts on every request. Confirm that the cache is active for the same PHP SAPI serving Drupal.
- External object caching: Once logged-in users exist, an external object-cache service can reduce repeated database work. This is an operational enhancement, not a Drupal 11 installation minimum.
- Backups and rollback space: Keep enough disk space for database dumps, uploaded files, and a release rollback. RAM sizing does not protect you from a full filesystem.
These additions come from hosting practice rather than Drupal’s official minimum table. Treat them as reliability decisions that depend on traffic, editor count, and deployment style.
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A VPS preflight checklist
- Confirm the operating environment. Use a supported Linux distribution supplied by your VPS provider, create a non-root administrative account, and reserve a hostname for the site. Drupal’s Linux deployment model is the relevant case for this VPS guidance.
- Check PHP. Run
php -v, confirm PHP 8.3 or newer, and verify that the web SAPI uses the same or a newer supported branch. - Check extensions. Run
php -mand verify PDO, XML, GD, OpenSSL, JSON, cURL, mbstring, and zlib in the web runtime. Add module-specific extensions only when the modules you select require them. - Check memory. Use
free -hto see available RAM. A 1 GB machine is a starting point, not a promise that Composer and every service can run concurrently. - Check the database version. Use the vendor’s client, such as
mysql --versionorpsql --version, and verify the server-side version as well. Confirm InnoDB for MySQL or MariaDB, or testpg_trgmavailability on PostgreSQL. - Create a dedicated database and account. Grant Drupal only the privileges it needs for its own database. Do not reuse a superuser account for web requests.
- Set PHP memory. Configure the production web SAPI to 256M, restart it, and verify the effective value through a web request.
- Install Composer with headroom. Drupal’s older overview guidance allows about 1 GB for Composer. If the VPS has only 1 GB total RAM, run dependency resolution on a separate build host or temporarily move to a larger plan.
- Configure scheduled jobs. Add a system cron entry for Drupal’s scheduler and test that it runs without an interactive shell.
- Test before launch. Install Drupal, enable the intended contributed modules, create test content, run an update, and watch memory, database connections, and disk usage. A version check that passes does not prove the chosen plan can handle the real module set.
Common installation and runtime failures
Unsupported PHP message
This normally means the web server is using an older PHP binary than the one checked on the shell. Inspect the virtual host’s PHP-FPM pool or Apache handler, switch it to PHP 8.3 or newer, restart the service, and repeat the check from a browser request.
Missing extension error
Install the missing extension for the active PHP branch, restart the web SAPI, and check php -m again. If the CLI and web lists differ, inspect their separate php.ini and additional configuration directories.
Database connection or transaction errors
Recheck hostname, port, credentials, and the database server version. For MySQL or MariaDB, inspect the table engine and convert non-InnoDB tables before relying on the site. For PostgreSQL, ask the provider to enable pg_trgm if the database role cannot create or use it.
Composer runs out of memory
Composer can need roughly 1 GB by itself according to Drupal’s older overview. Stop unrelated services, run dependency work on a build machine, or move the VPS to 2 GB before retrying. Raising PHP’s memory_limit does not create physical RAM.
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White screen during an update
Read the PHP and web-server logs first. The Drupal PHP packages guidance suggests testing with a 512M PHP limit while diagnosing memory exhaustion. If the error disappears, identify the module, import, or update step that caused the spike and then decide whether a larger VPS or a smaller batch is the correct permanent fix.
SQLite behaves inconsistently under editing
Move the site to MySQL, MariaDB, or PostgreSQL. SQLite is a development option, not a production database for several concurrent editors.
Drupal 10, Drupal 11, and the 2026 upgrade timeline
Drupal 10 support ends on 9 December 2026, and Drupal 10.6.0 is its final minor release. The end date applies regardless of when Drupal 12 ships, so a site remaining on Drupal 10 needs an upgrade plan rather than an assumption that support will continue until a later announcement.
The core release schedule currently places Drupal 12.0.0 and Drupal 11.5.0 in the week of 7 December 2026. Earlier communications used a mid-to-late-2026 Drupal 12 target, but the dated schedule supersedes that wording. Treat the schedule as a planning date and recheck it before committing a maintenance window.
Sites on Drupal 11.3.x or earlier must first move to Drupal 11.4.0 or newer before upgrading to Drupal 12. Migrate Drupal and Migrate Drupal UI were removed from core, so migration planning must account for their replacement or separate installation. Do not wait until the Drupal 10 end-of-life date to discover that your site is on an intermediate release.
What is not yet safe to assume about Drupal 12
Official Drupal 12 platform requirements for PHP, memory, and database versions are not established in the material available for this article. A third-party claim about higher PHP and database floors should not be treated as a specification. Before sizing a VPS for 2027, read Drupal’s own Drupal 12 platform-requirements announcement and then recheck your PHP branch, database version, and extensions.
Recommended sizing decisions
- Small, mostly anonymous site: A 1 GB VPS can be a reasonable starting point when the database is lightweight, Composer runs elsewhere, and the module set is modest. Use the production PHP memory baseline and monitor swap, CPU, and disk rather than assuming the plan will scale indefinitely.
- Editorial site with several logged-in users: Choose 2 GB or more, use a supported MySQL-compatible engine or PostgreSQL with
pg_trgm, enable OPcache, and provide real cron and object caching as traffic grows. - Frequent updates, imports, or many contributed modules: Prefer 2 GB or more so Composer and update operations do not compete with the database and PHP workers. Test the largest import and update in a staging environment before running it in production.
- Temporary development site: SQLite 3.45+ can simplify setup, but document the database difference and test production deployment on the intended server engine before launch.
The safest 2026 plan is therefore a Drupal 11-compatible PHP and database stack with at least 1 GB of RAM, 256M for PHP in production, and a clear path to a Drupal 11.4-or-newer intermediate release before Drupal 12. Keep the VPS flexible enough to increase RAM and update PHP as Drupal’s minor releases follow upstream support changes.
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