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Crawzilla was not the biggest crayfish ever measured in North America. A 2026 study found a Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish (Barbicambarus simmonsi) with a carapace length of 86.6 millimeters, surpassing the 77.5-millimeter male Crawzilla (Lacunicambarus chimera). Both measurements exclude the tail, claws and antennae.
The comparison also exposed a pattern rather than a proven record limit: the 20 largest North American specimens examined clustered near an apparent 80-millimeter carapace-length ceiling. Researchers say that pattern may reflect physiological constraints, but it is still a hypothesis.
What was Crawzilla, and how large was it?
Crawzilla is the common name used for a male Lacunicambarus chimera collected by Caitlin Bloomer during a May 2023 bioblitz near Bear Creek in Edmonson County, Kentucky. Its total carapace length was 77.5 millimeters.
Carapace length is a specific scientific measurement: researchers measure along the dorsal axis from the tip of the rostrum (the pointed front of the shell) to the joint where the thorax meets the abdomen. It does not mean the crayfish’s full length with tail, claws and antennae included.
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Bloomer initially thought the animal might be the largest crayfish anyone had seen. “There’s no doubt I have caught the biggest crayfish anyone’s ever seen!” she recalled thinking before a colleague challenged the claim. That challenge led to a museum-based comparison.
Which crayfish is bigger than Crawzilla?
The Tennessee bottlebrush record-holder
The larger specimen is a Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish, Barbicambarus simmonsi, collected in 2011 in Lawrence, Tennessee. It is preserved in the West Liberty University Astacology Collection and measured 86.6 millimeters in carapace length—9.1 millimeters longer than Crawzilla’s measurement.
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Zackary Graham of West Liberty University said the collection contained two of the largest known North American specimens, making the museum holdings central to the discovery. The result does not diminish Crawzilla’s size; it changes its status from apparent North American champion to the second-largest specimen in this comparison.
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| Specimen | Species | Locality | Collection date | Carapace length | Evidence type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record specimen | Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish (Barbicambarus simmonsi) | Lawrence, Tennessee | 2011 | 86.6 mm | Single museum specimen measured in the 2026 study |
| Crawzilla | Lacunicambarus chimera | Bear Creek, Edmonson County, Kentucky | May 2023 | 77.5 mm | Single field-collected specimen measured in the 2026 study |
| Apparent North American cluster | 18 species represented | Multiple localities | Various years | About 80 mm | Pattern among the 20 largest reported specimens, not a proven biological maximum |
| Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish | Astacopsis gouldi | Tasmania, Australia | Species-level comparison | 147 mm cited maximum carapace length | Not a North American specimen or like-for-like record |
How researchers found the larger specimen
The team searched nine major North American crayfish collections, using curator annotations and candidate specimen series to identify unusually large animals. They measured 60 specimens with calipers, recording total carapace length to the nearest 0.1 millimeter. The paper then tabulated the 20 largest individuals, covering 18 species, with each entry’s species, size, collection year, locality, museum and catalog number.
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This design is useful for finding an upper-size pattern, but it is not a census of every crayfish in the continent. The sample intentionally overrepresents exceptionally large museum specimens, so it can generate a testable hypothesis without proving that no larger animal exists.
Is 80 millimeters a true maximum?
No. The study describes an apparent ceiling near 80 millimeters, not a demonstrated hard stop on growth. One specimen reached 86.6 millimeters, already above that cluster, and an undiscovered or unmeasured individual could be larger.
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Researchers checked broad environmental and geographic possibilities—including latitude, temperature, oxygen availability, habitat type, evolutionary lineage and collection year—but those variables did not explain the pattern well in this dataset. They propose that internal mechanics may matter more, especially the way muscles function and how the exoskeleton supports a larger body. Ecological factors may still contribute.
What future tests would show
Bloomer says the next step is to examine crayfish physiology directly. Useful tests would compare metabolic rates, muscle structure and exoskeleton properties across species and body sizes, while also measuring habitat conditions and resource availability. Such work could distinguish a genuine physiological constraint from a collection or sampling effect.
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Why Tasmanian crayfish are a different comparison
North American specimens should not be compared casually with whole-animal weights or full lengths from other regions. The Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish, Astacopsis gouldi, is a much larger species: an Australian government recovery plan reports weights up to 6 kilograms, while the 2026 Ecology paper cites a maximum total carapace length of 147 millimeters.
That comparison shows why the North American pattern is scientifically interesting. If temperature, oxygen or latitude alone controlled maximum size, the continental difference might be straightforward. Instead, the study found no simple explanation among the broad variables it tested, leaving physiology and ecological interactions as open possibilities.
What the finding means for Crawzilla’s claim
- Was Crawzilla the biggest crayfish ever? No. The museum specimen of Barbicambarus simmonsi measured longer by the study’s carapace-length method.
- Was Crawzilla unusually large? Yes. At 77.5 millimeters, it is among the largest measured North American specimens in the comparison.
- Is the Tennessee specimen the biggest crayfish in the world? No. The study concerns North American collections, and Astacopsis gouldi is substantially larger.
- Does 86.6 millimeters establish a species maximum? No. It is the largest measured individual reported in this North American sample, not a guaranteed maximum for the species or continent.
Why museum collections matter
The discovery illustrates how preserved specimens can answer questions that a single field encounter cannot. A striking animal may seem like a record until it is compared with decades of collecting across institutions. Graham called the result a reminder of crayfish diversity, while Bloomer noted that familiar creek animals can still reveal major scientific unknowns.
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For now, the strongest conclusion is narrow and well supported: an 86.6-millimeter Tennessee bottlebrush crayfish is larger than the 77.5-millimeter Crawzilla, and the largest North American specimens in this targeted survey cluster around 80 millimeters. Whether that cluster reflects a real physiological boundary will require new measurements and experiments.
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